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Kerdsin A, Chopjitt P, Hatrongjit R, Boueroy P, Gottschalk M. Zoonotic infection and clonal dissemination of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus sequence type 194 isolated from humans in Thailand. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e554-e565. [PMID: 34558797 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a zoonotic pathogen associated with diseases in a wide range of animals as well as in humans. SEZ sequence type (ST) 194 strains have been associated with outbreaks in China, the USA, and Canada and have caused high mortality in pigs. Nevertheless, human infection by this ST has never been reported. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 SEZ strains from human patients in Thailand during 2005-2020. The study revealed clonal dissemination of ST194 with the identical pulsotype in human patients throughout Thailand. Clinical manifestation was mainly septicemia (61.1%), while 72.2% had a history of eating raw pork products. There were six fatal cases (33.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that all strains were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and vancomycin. Virulence-associated genes, including bifA, szM, szP, sdzD, spaZ, and fszF, were present in all tested strains. Some representative genes in four pathogenicity islands found in the swine outbreak SEZ-ATCC35246 (ST194) strain were detected in these SEZ strains. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of three representative SEZs in this study revealed no acquired antimicrobial-resistant genes and they contained the same virulence factors. The single-nucleotide polymorphism phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the current strains were clustered with swine ST194 strains. The results should be highlighted as a public health concern, especially to those who may directly or indirectly have contact with livestock or companion animals or have consumed raw meat products as risk factors for infections with SEZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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Yi L, Yang W, Sun L, Li J, Li X, Wang Y. Identification of a novel protective antigen, 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase II of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus which confers protective effects. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 71:101493. [PMID: 32447155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is an important swine pathogen and responsible for a wide variety of infections in many animal species. FabF was a novel protein identified in the previous study. However, its protective efficacy remained to be evaluated. In this study, recombinant fabF of SEZ was expressed and showed a strong immunoreactivity with mini-pig convalescent sera. Study in mice revealed that the recombinant protein induced a marked antibody response and protected 80% of mice against SEZ infection. The hyperimmune sera against fabF could efficiently kill the bacteria in the phagocytosis test. In addition, it was also found that anti- fabF antibodies can significantly inhibit the formation of SEZ biofilm. These study suggest that fabF may represent immunogens of interest for vaccine development against SEZ infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Weiping Yang
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Liyun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
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Léon A, Castagnet S, Maillard K, Paillot R, Giard JC. Evolution of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Equine Clinical Isolates in France between 2016 and 2019. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050812. [PMID: 32392891 PMCID: PMC7278474 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study described the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in equine pathogens isolated from 2016 to 2019. A collection of 7806 bacterial isolates were analysed for their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. The most frequently isolated pathogens were group C Streptococci (27.0%), Escherichia coli (18.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.3%) and Enterobacter spp. (2.1%). The majority of these pathogens were isolated from the genital tract (45.1%, n = 3522). With the implementation of two French national plans (named ECOANTIBIO 1 and 2) in 2012-2016 and 2017-2021, respectively, and a reduction in animal exposure to veterinary antibiotics, our study showed decreases in the resistance of group C Streptococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli against five classes, four classes and one class of antimicrobials tested, respectively. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. presented an increased resistance against all the tested classes, excepted for two fifths of E. coli. Moreover, the percentages of multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter spp. also increased from 24.5% to 37.4% and from 26.3% to 51.7%, respectively. The data reported here are relevant to equine practitioners and will help to improve knowledge related to antimicrobial resistance in common equine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertine Léon
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, U2RM, 14033 Caen, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-314-719-39
| | - Sophie Castagnet
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Karine Maillard
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Romain Paillot
- LABÉO Frank Duncombe, 14053 CAEN, France; (S.C.); (K.M.); (R.P.)
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Biotargen, 14033 Caen, France
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Xie Z, Meng K, Yang X, Liu J, Yu J, Zheng C, Cao W, Liu H. Identification of a Quorum Sensing System Regulating Capsule Polysaccharide Production and Biofilm Formation in Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:121. [PMID: 31058104 PMCID: PMC6482233 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus zooepidemicus is an important opportunistic pathogen of several species including humans. This organism is also well-known as the main producing strain in industrial production of hyaluronic acid (HA), which is the component of its capsule polysaccharide. How its virulence and capsule polysaccharide production is regulated remains poorly understood. Intercellular chemical signaling among bacteria provides communities of microbes the opportunity to coordinate gene expression to facilitate group behavior, such as pathogenicity, capsule polysaccharide production, etc. Yet no conserved cell-to-cell signaling system has been elucidated in S. zooepidemicus. Encoded within the genome of S. zooepidemicus is one Rgg regulator encoding gene (rgg) with low similarity to both rgg2 and rgg3 from Streptococcus pyogenes. A small ORF (named as shp) encoding a novel short hydrophobic peptide (SHP) was found in the vicinity of rgg. We found that the active form of pheromone is short and hydrophobic (LLLLKLA), corresponding to the C terminal 7 amino acids of the pre-peptide Shp, which shows divergent sequence to all peptide pheromones reported in streptococci. In response to active SHP, Rgg functions as a transcriptional activator to induce the expression of shp, forming a positive feedback circuit. Bacteria social behaviors, such as capsule polysaccharide production and biofilm formation, were significantly affected when the rgg-shp pathway was inactivated. These data provide the first demonstration that Rgg/Shp signaling pathway comprises an active quorum sensing system in S. zooepidemicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wei Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Gergeleit H, Verspohl J, Rohde J, Rohn K, Ohnesorge B, Bienert-Zeit A. A prospective study on the microbiological examination of secretions from the paranasal sinuses in horses in health and disease. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:43. [PMID: 29976217 PMCID: PMC6034245 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostics in equine sinusitis can be challenging and often require a combination of different imaging tools to ascertain its underlying aetiology. The bacterial flora of healthy and diseased paranasal sinuses, respectively, has only sporadically been assessed in horses. The objectives of this study were to determine whether assessment of microbiological features of secretions from the paranasal sinuses displays a useful diagnostic tool in equine sinusitis to distinguish between different aetiologies. Secretion samples from 50 horses with sinusitis and from 10 healthy horses were taken transendoscopically from the drainage angle of the nasomaxillary aperture using a guidable Swing Tip catheter. Bacteria found in healthy and diseased equine sinuses were compared. Endoscopic samples in all healthy and 19 diseased horses were compared with samples taken directly from the affected sinus after trephination. RESULTS Eleven of the 14 horses with primary sinusitis revealed growth of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus, with three samples yielding pure cultures. Anaerobes were found in 15 out of 26 samples from horses with dental sinusitis. Healthy sinuses revealed mainly α-haemolytic streptococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci or showed no growth. Enterobacteriaceae were found more frequently in secondary sinusitis. There were significant differences in the bacterial composition and diversity (P < 0.05) between primary sinusitis, dental sinusitis and healthy controls. The correlation between endoscopic and trephination samples was satisfying. CONCLUSIONS Microbiological examination of secretions from horses with sinusitis collected transendoscopically can help to distinguish between primary and dental sinusitis. Therefore, it may display a feasible ancillary diagnostic tool, but does not replace a meticulous examination procedure including diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Gergeleit
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jutta Verspohl
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Rohde
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ohnesorge
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Bienert-Zeit
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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