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Zimmermann E, Distl O. SNP-Based Heritability of Osteochondrosis Dissecans in Hanoverian Warmblood Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091462. [PMID: 37174498 PMCID: PMC10177438 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Before the genomics era, heritability estimates were performed using pedigree data. Data collection for pedigree analysis is time consuming and holds the risk of incorrect or incomplete data. With the availability of SNP-based arrays, heritability can now be estimated based on genotyping data. We used SNP array and 1.6 million imputed genotype data with different minor allele frequency restrictions to estimate heritabilities for osteochondrosis dissecans in the fetlock, hock and stifle joints of 446 Hanoverian warmblood horses. SNP-based heritabilities were estimated using a genomic restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) method and accounting for patterns of regional linkage disequilibrium in the equine genome. In addition, we employed GREML for family data to account for different degrees of relatedness in the study population. Our results indicate that we were able to capture a larger proportion of additive genetic variance compared to pedigree-based estimates in the same population of Hanoverian horses. Heritability estimates on the linear scale for fetlock-, hock- and stifle-osteochondrosis dissecans were 0.41-0.43, 0.62-0.63, and 0.23-0.25, respectively, with standard errors of 0.11-0.14. Accounting for linkage disequilibrium patterns had an upward effect on the imputed data and a downward impact on the SNP array genotype data. GREML for family data resulted in higher heritability estimates for fetlock-osteochondrosis dissecans and slightly higher estimates for hock-osteochondrosis dissecans, but had no effect on stifle-osteochondrosis dissecans. The largest and most consistent heritability estimates were obtained when we employed GREML for family data with genomic relationship matrices weighted through patterns of regional linkage disequilibrium. Estimation of SNP-based heritability should be recommended for traits that can only be phenotyped in smaller samples or are cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zimmermann
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Foundation), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Foundation), 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Osteochondrosis (osteochondritis dissecans) in Lusitano horses: prevalence and characteristics. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 117:104063. [PMID: 35787450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Boorman S, Hofmeister EH, Ross MW, Ralston S, Bell G, Mackie S, Ortved K. Influence of osteochondrosis on the longevity and racing performance of standardbred trotters and pacers. Vet Surg 2021; 50:507-516. [PMID: 33460472 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of clinical osteochondrosis (OC) on the short-term (2, 3, and 4-year-old) and long-term racing performance and longevity of standardbred racehorses. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SAMPLE POPULATION Standardbred racehorses from a single breeding farm born between 2009 and 2017 that survived to racing age (n = 2711). Three hundred eighty-two (14%) horses were OC-affected (829 lesions confirmed arthroscopically during surgical treatment), and 2329 (86%) horses were nonaffected. METHODS Racing performance data were obtained from an online database and evaluated with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Trotters were more likely than pacers to be affected by OC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9, P = .006). Compared with nonaffected horses, long-term OC-affected horses had 8.8 fewer starts (95% CI = -14.4 to -3.2, P = .002), 1.0 fewer wins (95% CI = -1.9 to -0.1, P = .030), and 3.8 fewer total number of first through third place finishes (95% CI = -6.2 to -1.4, P < .0001). Nonaffected horses had longer careers compared with OC-affected horses, racing 0.32 years longer (95% CI = -0.52 to -0.12, P = .002). Osteochondrosis had no impact on short-term racing performance. Horses with lesions at the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia or lateral trochlear ridge of the talus had decreased performance compared with horses without these lesions. CONCLUSION Pacers were less likely than trotters to be affected by OC. Affected horses had fewer starts and shorter careers, despite early surgical intervention. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Osteochondrosis decreases long-term racing performance in racing standardbreds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Boorman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Erik H Hofmeister
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Michael W Ross
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Ralston
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Garrett Bell
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Mackie
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyla Ortved
- New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
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Chiaradia E, Pepe M, Sassi P, Mohren R, Orvietani PL, Paolantoni M, Tognoloni A, Sforna M, Eveque M, Tombolesi N, Cillero-Pastor B. Comparative label-free proteomic analysis of equine osteochondrotic chondrocytes. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103927. [PMID: 32768606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondrosis is a developmental orthopedic disease affecting growing cartilage in young horses. In this study we compared the proteomes of equine chondrocytes obtained from healthy and osteochondrotic cartilage using a label-free mass spectrometry approach. Quantitative changes of some proteins selected for their involvement in different functional pathways highlighted by the bioinformatics analysis, were validated by western blotting, while biochemical alterations of extracellular matrix were confirmed via Raman spectroscopy analysis. In total 1637 proteins were identified, of which 59 were differentially abundant. Overall, the results highlighted differentially represented proteins involved in metabolic and functional pathways that may be related to the failure of the endochondral ossification process occurring in osteochondrosis. In particular, we identified proteins involved in extracellular matrix degradation and organization, vitamin metabolism, osteoblast differentiation, apoptosis, protein folding and localization, signalling and gene expression modulation and lysosomal activities. These results provide valuable new insights to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the development and progression of osteochondrosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Osteochondrosis is a common articular disorder in young horses mainly due to defects in endochondral ossification. The pathogenesis of osteochondrosis is still poorly understood and only a limited number of proteomic studies have been conducted. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of proteomic alterations occurring in equine osteochondrotic chondrocytes, the only resident cell type that modulates differentiation and maturation of articular cartilage. The results evidenced alterations in abundance of proteins involved in functional and metabolic pathways and in extracellular matrix remodelling. These findings could help clarify some molecular aspects of osteochondrosis and open new fields of research for elucidating the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paola Sassi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ronny Mohren
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Pier Luigi Orvietani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, via Gambuli, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Paolantoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maxime Eveque
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Tombolesi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Bergmann W, de Mik-van Mourik M, Veraa S, van den Broek J, Wijnberg ID, Back W, Gröne A. Cervical articular process joint osteochondrosis in Warmblood foals. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:664-669. [PMID: 32009243 PMCID: PMC7496794 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Warmblood horses, degenerative joint disease is involved in cervical malformation and malarticulation (CVM). The degree of contribution of articular process joint (APJ) osteochondrosis (OC) is not clear. OBJECTIVES (a) To explore the presence of predilection sites for APJ OC in cervical and cranial thoracic vertebral columns of Warmblood foals and (b) to examine the correlation of such a site with the predilection site of CVM. STUDY DESIGN Case series. METHODS Seven hundred APJ facets of C2 to T2 of 29 foals (11 months gestation to 12 months [median age 7 days; range 365 days; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2-47 days]) were examined for OC and prevalence between joints, and the predilection site for CVM and the cranial cervical vertebral column were evaluated. RESULTS About 20.6% of facets revealed OC. There was no predilection site. Prevalence decreased with age up to 1 year (odds ratio [OR] 0.997; (95% CI 0.975-0.998)) but not up to 5 months. Severity increased with age in all age ranges (up to 1 year OR 1.023; 95% CI 1.005-1.049; >1-5 months, OR 1.203; 95% CI 1.014e+00-1.921; up to 1 month, OR 1.114; 95% CI 1.041-1.228). Highest prevalence was in cranial facets of the cervical and cervical-thoracic joints and in caudal facets of the thoracic joint up to 1 year and up to 1 month (OR 0.364; 95% CI 0.170-0.745, OR 0.434; 95% CI: 0.235-0.782, OR 7.665; 95% CI: 1.615-66.553 and OR 0.400; 95% CI 0.170-0.880, OR 0.351; 95% CI 0.172-0.700, OR 5.317; 95% CI 1.098-44.344 respectively). MAIN LIMITATIONS Two-thirds of the foals were less than 1 month of age. CONCLUSIONS Articular process joint OC in Warmblood foals is common and is not more prevalent at CVM predilection sites, suggesting that abnormalities of enchondral ossification may not be major contributors to CVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Bergmann
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn de Mik-van Mourik
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Veraa
- Division of Integrating Disciplines, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van den Broek
- Division of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge D Wijnberg
- Division of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Back
- Division of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Proteome Alterations in Equine Osteochondrotic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246179. [PMID: 31817880 PMCID: PMC6940994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis is a failure of the endochondral ossification that affects developing joints in humans and several animal species. It is a localized idiopathic joint disorder characterized by focal chondronecrosis and growing cartilage retention, which can lead to the formation of fissures, subchondral bone cysts, or intra-articular fragments. Osteochondrosis is a complex multifactorial disease associated with extracellular matrix alterations and failure in chondrocyte differentiation, mainly due to genetic, biochemical, and nutritional factors, as well as traumas. This study describes the main proteomic alterations occurring in chondrocytes isolated from osteochondrotic cartilage fragments. A comparative analysis performed on equine osteochondrotic and healthy chondrocytes showed 26 protein species as differentially represented. In particular, quantitative changes in the extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal and chaperone proteins, and in cell adhesion and signaling molecules were observed in osteochondrotic cells, compared to healthy controls. Functional group analysis annotated most of these proteins in “growth plate and cartilage development”, while others were included in “glycolysis and gluconeogenesis”, “positive regulation of protein import”, “cell–cell adhesion mediator activity”, and “mitochondrion nucleoid”. These results may help to clarify some chondrocyte functional alterations that may play a significant role in determining the onset and progression of equine osteochondrosis and, being related, of human juvenile osteochondrosis.
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Clegg P. Clinical insights: Recent developments in equine articular disease (2016-2018). Equine Vet J 2018; 50:705-707. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease; University of Liverpool; Neston Cheshire UK
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Jeffcott L. Fifty years of Equine Veterinary Journal. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:421-422. [PMID: 29878513 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Jeffcott
- Professor Emeritus of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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