1
|
Bell J, Radial SL, Cuming RS, Trope G, Hughes KJ. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiota of foals with diarrhea. J Vet Intern Med 2024. [PMID: 39266472 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea in foals can be associated with disruption of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). Effective management of intestinal dysbiosis in foals has not been demonstrated. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in foals with diarrhea influences the intestinal microbiota and improves clinical and clinicopathological outcomes. ANIMALS Twenty-five foals <6 months of age with diarrhea and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 3 veterinary hospitals. METHODS A prospective randomized placebo-controlled cohort study. Foals in the FMT group (n = 19) or control group (n = 9) received FMT or electrolyte solution once daily for 3 days. Fecal samples were obtained on Day 0 (D0), D1, D2, D3, and D7. Within group and between group data analyses were performed for clinical, clinicopathological, and microbiota variables. RESULTS Treatment had no effect on survival (FMT 79%; control 100%, P = .3) or resolution of diarrhea (FMT 68%; control 55%, P = .4). On D3, the white blood cell count of the FMT group was lower than the control group (D3 FMT group median 6.4 g/L [5-8.3 g/L]; D3 control group median 14.3 g/L [6.7-18.9 g/L] P = .04). Heart rate reduced over time in the FMT group (D0 median 80 bpm [60-150 bpm]; D2 median 70 bpm [52-110 bpm] [P = .005]; and D3 median 64, [54-102 bpm] [P < .001]). Phylum Verrucomicrobiota, genus Akkermansia, and family Prevotellaceae were enriched in the FMT group on D1 (linear discriminate analysis > 4). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In foals with diarrhea, FMT appears safe and can be associated with some clinical and microbiota changes suggestive of beneficial effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Bell
- Charles Sturt University School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharanne L Radial
- Charles Sturt University School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gareth Trope
- South Eastern Equine Hospital, Narre Warren North, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristopher J Hughes
- Charles Sturt University School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sävilammi T, Alakangas RR, Häyrynen T, Uusi-Heikkilä S. Gut Microbiota Profiling as a Promising Tool to Detect Equine Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2396. [PMID: 39199930 PMCID: PMC11350833 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disorders are common and debilitating in horses, but their diagnosis is often difficult and invasive. Fecal samples offer a non-invasive alternative to assessing the gastrointestinal health of horses by providing information about the gut microbiota and inflammation. In this study, we used 16S sequencing to compare the fecal bacterial diversity and composition of 27 healthy horses and 49 horses diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We also measured fecal calprotectin concentration, a marker of intestinal inflammation, in healthy horses and horses with IBD. We found that microbiota composition differed between healthy horses and horses with IBD, although less than five percent of the variation in microbiota composition was explained by individual health status and age. Several differentially abundant bacterial taxa associated with IBD, age, or body condition were depleted from the most dominant Firmicutes phylum and enriched with the Bacteroidota phylum. An artificial neural network model predicted the probability of IBD among the test samples with 100% accuracy. Our study is the first to demonstrate the association between gut microbiota composition and chronic forms of IBD in horses and highlights the potential of using fecal samples as a non-invasive source of biomarkers for equine IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Sävilammi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (T.S.); (R.-R.A.)
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Rinna-Riikka Alakangas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (T.S.); (R.-R.A.)
| | - Tuomas Häyrynen
- Laukaa Horse Hospital, Ravitie 4, 41330 Vihtavuori, Finland;
| | - Silva Uusi-Heikkilä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (T.S.); (R.-R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ward AB, Harris PA, Argo CM, Watson C, Neacsu M, Russell WR, Ribeiro A, Collie-Duguid E, Heidari Z, Morrison PK. Homemade Nucleic Acid Preservation Buffer Proves Effective in Preserving the Equine Faecal Microbiota over Time at Ambient Temperatures. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3107. [PMID: 37835713 PMCID: PMC10572018 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The equine faecal microbiota is often assessed as a proxy of the microbial community in the distal colon, where the microbiome has been linked to states of health and disease in the horse. However, the microbial community structure may change over time if samples are not adequately preserved. This study stored equine faecal samples from n = 10 horses in four preservation treatments at room temperature for up to 150 h and assessed the resulting impact on microbial diversity and the differential abundance of taxa. Treatments included "COLD" (samples packaged with a cool pack), "CLX" (2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution), "NAP" (nucleic acid preservation buffer), and "FTA" (Whatman FTA™ cards). The samples were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing after storage for 0, 24, 72, and 150 h at room temperature under the different treatments. The results showed effective preservation of diversity and community structure with NAP buffer but lower diversity (p = 0.001) and the under-representation of Fibrobacterota in the FTA card samples. The NAP treatment inhibited the overgrowth of bloom taxa that occurred by 72 h at room temperature. The COLD, CLX, and NAP treatments were effective in preserving the faecal microbiota for up to 24 h at room temperature, and the CLX and NAP treatments improved the yield of Patescibacteria and Fibrobacterota in some cases. The cold and CLX treatments were ineffective in preventing community shifts that occurred by 72 h at room temperature. These findings demonstrate the suitability of the COLD, NAP, and CLX treatments for the room temperature storage of equine faeces for up to 24 h and of NAP buffer for up to 150 h prior to processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B. Ward
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland’s Rural College, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Patricia A. Harris
- Equine Studies Group, Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Leicestershire LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Caroline McG. Argo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Scotland’s Rural College, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK
| | - Christine Watson
- Department of Rural Land Use, Scotland’s Rural College, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, UK
| | - Madalina Neacsu
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Antonio Ribeiro
- School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Elaina Collie-Duguid
- School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Zeynab Heidari
- School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stummer M, Frisch V, Glitz F, Hinney B, Spergser J, Krücken J, Diekmann I, Dimmel K, Riedel C, Cavalleri JMV, Rümenapf T, Joachim A, Lyrakis M, Auer A. Presence of Equine and Bovine Coronaviruses, Endoparasites, and Bacteria in Fecal Samples of Horses with Colic. Pathogens 2023; 12:1043. [PMID: 37624003 PMCID: PMC10458731 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute abdominal pain (colic) is one of the major equine health threats worldwide and often necessitates intensive veterinary medical care and surgical intervention. Equine coronavirus (ECoV) infections can cause colic in horses but are rarely considered as a differential diagnosis. To determine the frequency of otherwise undetected ECoV infections in horses with acute colic, fresh fecal samples of 105 horses with acute colic and 36 healthy control horses were screened for viruses belonging to the Betacoronavirus 1 species by RT-PCR as well as for gastrointestinal helminths and bacteria commonly associated with colic. Horses with colic excreted significantly fewer strongyle eggs than horses without colic. The prevalence of anaerobic, spore-forming, gram-positive bacteria (Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile) was significantly higher in the feces of horses with colic. Six horses with colic (5.7%) and one horse from the control group (2.8%) tested positive for Betacoronaviruses. Coronavirus-positive samples were sequenced to classify the virus by molecular phylogeny (N gene). Interestingly, in three out of six coronavirus-positive horses with colic, sequences closely related to bovine coronaviruses (BCoV) were found. The pathogenic potential of BCoV in horses remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Stummer
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Vicky Frisch
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.F.); (J.-M.V.C.)
| | | | - Barbara Hinney
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Irina Diekmann
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Katharina Dimmel
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Christiane Riedel
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon, France;
| | | | - Till Rümenapf
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
| | - Anja Joachim
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.H.); (A.J.)
| | - Manolis Lyrakis
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Angelika Auer
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (K.D.); (T.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gillen A, Catherine Archer D. Epidemiology of Colic: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2023:S0749-0739(23)00017-2. [PMID: 37268523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies are essential for the generation of evidence-based, preventive health care strategies. This includes ways to minimize colic risk and assist informed decision making concerning diagnosis, treatment, and likely outcomes. It is important to consider that colic is not a simple "disease" but is a syndrome of abdominal pain that encompasses multiple different disease processes, and which is multifactorial in nature. This review focuses on prevention and diagnosis of colic, including specific forms of colic, communications with owners/carers concerning colic risk and management, and areas of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gillen
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Debra Catherine Archer
- Department of Equine Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weinert-Nelson JR, Biddle AS, Sampath H, Williams CA. Fecal Microbiota, Forage Nutrients, and Metabolic Responses of Horses Grazing Warm- and Cool-Season Grass Pastures. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050790. [PMID: 36899650 PMCID: PMC10000167 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrating warm-season grasses into cool-season equine grazing systems can increase pasture availability during summer months. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of this management strategy on the fecal microbiome and relationships between fecal microbiota, forage nutrients, and metabolic responses of grazing horses. Fecal samples were collected from 8 mares after grazing cool-season pasture in spring, warm-season pasture in summer, and cool-season pasture in fall as well as after adaptation to standardized hay diets prior to spring grazing and at the end of the grazing season. Random forest classification was able to predict forage type based on microbial composition (accuracy: 0.90 ± 0.09); regression predicted forage crude protein (CP) and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations (p < 0.0001). Akkermansia and Clostridium butyricum were enriched in horses grazing warm-season pasture and were positively correlated with CP and negatively with NSC; Clostridum butyricum was negatively correlated with peak plasma glucose concentrations following oral sugar tests (p ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that distinct shifts in the equine fecal microbiota occur in response different forages. Based on relationships identified between the microbiota, forage nutrients, and metabolic responses, further research should focus on the roles of Akkermansia spp. and Clostridium butyricum within the equine hindgut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Weinert-Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Amy S. Biddle
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Carey A. Williams
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pfeifle RL, Ericsson AC, McCoy AM, Boothe DM, Wooldridge AA, Groover ES, Sierra-Rodriguez T, Lascola KM. Multidose misoprostol pharmacokinetics and its effect on the fecal microbiome in healthy, adult horses. Am J Vet Res 2023. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.09.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To compare the pharmacokinetics between repeated doses and to characterize changes in the fecal microbiome after oral and rectal multidose misoprostol administration.
ANIMALS
6 healthy university-owned geldings.
PROCEDURES
In a randomized, crossover study, misoprostol (5 μg/kg) was administered orally or rectally every 8 hours for 10 doses, or not administered (control), with a 21-day washout between treatments. Concentration-versus-time data for dose 1 and dose 10 were subject to noncompartmental analysis. For microbiota analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, manure was collected 7 days before study onset, immediately before dose 1, and 6 hours, 7 days, and 14 days after dose 10, with time-matched points in controls.
RESULTS
Repeated dosing-related differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were not detected for either administration route. The area under the concentration-versus-time curve was greater (P < .04) after oral versus rectal administration. The relative bioavailability of rectal administration was 4 to 86% of that of oral administration. Microbial composition, richness, and β-diversity differed among subjects (P < .001 all) while only composition differed between treatments (P ≤ .01). Richness was decreased 6 hours after dose 10 and at the control-matched time point (P = .0109) in all subjects. No other differences for time points, treatments, or their interactions were observed.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Differences in systemic exposure were associated with the route of administration but were not detected after repeated administration of misoprostol. Differences in microbiota parameters were primarily associated with interindividual variation and management rather than misoprostol administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Pfeifle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Colombia, MO
| | - Annette M. McCoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana, IL
| | - Dawn M. Boothe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Anne A. Wooldridge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Erin S. Groover
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Tamara Sierra-Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Kara M. Lascola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chaucheyras-Durand F, Sacy A, Karges K, Apper E. Gastro-Intestinal Microbiota in Equines and Its Role in Health and Disease: The Black Box Opens. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122517. [PMID: 36557769 PMCID: PMC9783266 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are large non-ruminant herbivores and rely on microbial fermentation for energy, with more than half of their maintenance energy requirement coming from microbial fermentation occurring in their enlarged caecum and colon. To achieve that, the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of horses harbors a broad range of various microorganisms, differing in each GIT segment, which are essential for efficient utilization of feed, especially to use nutrients that are not or little degraded by endogenous enzymes. In addition, like in other animal species, the GIT microbiota is in permanent interplay with the host's cells and is involved in a lot of functions among which inflammation, immune homeostasis, and energy metabolism. As for other animals and humans, the horse gut microbiome is sensitive to diet, especially consumption of starch, fiber, and fat. Age, breeds, stress during competitions, transportation, and exercise may also impact the microbiome. Because of its size and its complexity, the equine GIT microbiota is prone to perturbations caused by external or internal stressors that may result in digestive diseases like gastric ulcer, diarrhea, colic, or colitis, and that are thought to be linked with systemic diseases like laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome or obesity. Thus, in this review we aim at understanding the common core microbiome -in terms of structure and function- in each segment of the GIT, as well as identifying potential microbial biomarkers of health or disease which are crucial to anticipate putative perturbations, optimize global practices and develop adapted nutritional strategies and personalized nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand
- Lallemand SAS, 31702 Blagnac, France
- UMR MEDIS, INRAE, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | | | - Kip Karges
- Lallemand Specialities Inc., Milwaukee, WI 53218, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bustamante CC, de Paula VB, Rabelo IP, Fernandes CC, Kishi LT, Canola PA, Lemos EGDM, Valadão CAA. Effects of Starch Overload and Cecal Buffering on Fecal Microbiota of Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233435. [PMID: 36496956 PMCID: PMC9737938 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch overload in horses causes gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders that are associated with microbiota changes. Therefore, we identified the fecal microbiota and hypothesized that intracecal injection of alkaline solution (buffer; Mg(OH)2 + Al(OH)3) could stabilize these microbiota and clinical changes in horses submitted to corn starch overload. Ten crossbred horses (females and geldings) were allocated to group I (water−saline and starch−buffer treatments) and group II (water−buffer and starch−saline treatments). Clinical signs, gross analysis of the feces, and fecal microbiota were evaluated through 72 h (T0; T8; T12; T24; T48; T72). Corn starch or water were administrated by nasogastric tube at T0, and the buffer injected into the cecum at T8 in starch−buffer and water−buffer treatments. Starch overload reduced the richness (p < 0.001) and diversity (p = 0.001) of the fecal microbiota. However, the starch−buffer treatment showed greater increase in amylolytic bacteria (Bifidobacterium 0.0% to 5.6%; Lactobacillus 0.1% to 7.4%; p < 0.05) and decrease in fibrolytic bacteria (Lachnospiraceae 10.2% to 5.0%; Ruminococcaceae 11.7% to 4.2%; p < 0.05) than starch−saline treatment. Additionally, animals that received starch−buffer treatment showed more signs of abdominal discomfort and lameness associated with dysbiosis (amylolytic r > 0.5; fribolytic r < 0.1; p < 0.05), showing that cecal infusion of buffer did not prevent, but intensified intestinal disturbances and the risk of laminitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio C. Bustamante
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B. de Paula
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela P. Rabelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila C. Fernandes
- Department of Technology, Multiuse Sequencing Laboratory, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano T. Kishi
- Department of Technology, Multiuse Sequencing Laboratory, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Canola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Gertrudes de M. Lemos
- Department of Technology, Biochemistry of Microorganisms and Plants Laboratory, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto A. Valadão
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paul LJ, Ericsson AC, Andrews FM, McAdams Z, Keowen ML, St Blanc MP, Banse HE. Dietary and management factors influence the equine gastric microbiome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:S111-S120. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship of diet and management factors with the glandular gastric mucosal microbiome. We hypothesize that the gastric mucosal microbial community is influenced by diet and management factors. Our specific objective is to characterize the gastric mucosal microbiome in relation to these factors.
ANIMALS
57 client-owned horses in the southern Louisiana region with and without equine glandular gastric disease.
PROCEDURES
Diet and management data were collected via a questionnaire. Gastroscopy was used for evaluation of equine gastric ulcer syndrome and collection of glandular mucosal pinch biopsies. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used for microbiome analysis. Similarity and diversity indices and sequence read counts of individual taxa were compared between diet and management factors.
RESULTS
Differences were detected in association with offering hay, type of hay, sweet feed, turnout, and stalling. Offering hay and stalling showed differences in similarity indices, whereas hay type, sweet feed, and turnout showed differences in similarity and diversity indices. Offering hay, hay type, and sweet feed were also associated with differences in individual sequence read counts.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study provides preliminary characterization of the complex relationship between the glandular gastric microbiome and diet/management factors. The ideal microbiome to promote a healthy glandular gastric environment remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. Paul
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- University of Missouri, Metagenomics Center, Equine Gut Group, Columbia, MO
| | - Frank M. Andrews
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Zachary McAdams
- University of Missouri, Metagenomics Center, Equine Gut Group, Columbia, MO
| | - Michael L. Keowen
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Michael P. St Blanc
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Heidi E. Banse
- Louisiana State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Equine Health Studies Program, Baton Rouge, LA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sanz MG. Science-in-brief: Equine microbiomics makes its way into equine veterinary medicine. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:453-454. [PMID: 35133025 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Costa M, Di Pietro R, Bessegatto JA, Pereira PFV, Stievani FC, Gomes RG, Lisbôa JAN, Weese JS. Evaluation of changes in microbiota after fecal microbiota transplantation in 6 diarrheic horses. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2021; 62:1123-1130. [PMID: 34602643 PMCID: PMC8439339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiota of horses with acute and chronic diarrhea before and after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Six client-owned horses with acute and chronic diarrhea received FMT from 2 healthy donor horses. Microbiota analysis using next-generation sequencing was performed on fecal samples collected before and 2 and 7 d after FMT. Signs of diarrhea improved in 4 horses, whereas the remaining 2 horses did not survive. There was a significant difference in the number of bacterial species between donors and recipients (P < 0.05). The Order Lactobacillales and the genera Lactobacillus, Intestinimonas, and Streptococcus were increased in the microbiota of diarrheic horses, and Saccharofermentans genus increased in healthy donors. The results suggest that FMT from the healthy donors was not effective over a 7-day period as it did not change the fecal microbiota of the diarrheic horses. Further research to improve the efficacy of FMT in horses is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| | - Rebecca Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| | - José Antonio Bessegatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| | - Priscilla Fajardo Valente Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| | - Fernanda C Stievani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| | - Roberta Gaberlini Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| | - Júlio A N Lisbôa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec (Costa, Di Pietro); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Bessegatto, Pereira, Stievani, Gomes, Lisbôa); Department of Clinical Studies, Universidade Filadelfia, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Stievani); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Weese)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Species-Level Gut Microbiota Analysis after Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102859. [PMID: 34679880 PMCID: PMC8533001 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All current studies have used Illumina short-read sequencing to characterize the equine intestinal microbiota. Long-read sequencing can classify bacteria at the species level. The objectives of this study were to characterize the gut microbiota of horses at the species level before and after trimethoprim sulfadiazine (TMS) administration and to compare results with Illumina sequencing. Nine horses received TMS (30 mg/kg) orally for 5 days twice a day to induce dysbiosis. Illumina sequencing of the V4 region or full-length PacBio sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed in fecal samples collected before and after antibiotic administration. The relative abundance and alpha diversity were compared between the two technologies. PacBio failed to classify the equine intestinal microbiota at the species level but confirmed Bacteroidetes as the most abundant bacteria in the feces of the studied horses, followed by Firmicutes and Fibrobacteres. An unknown species of the Bacteroidales order was highly abundant (13%) and deserves further investigation. In conclusion, PacBio was not suitable to classify the equine microbiota species but detected greater richness and less unclassified bacteria. Further efforts in improving current databanks to be used in equine studies are necessary.
Collapse
|
14
|
Park T, Cheong H, Yoon J, Kim A, Yun Y, Unno T. Comparison of the Fecal Microbiota of Horses with Intestinal Disease and Their Healthy Counterparts. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8060113. [PMID: 34204317 PMCID: PMC8234941 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining the host's health. Dysbiosis of the equine hindgut microbiota can alter the fermentation patterns and cause metabolic disorders. (2) Methods: This study compared the fecal microbiota composition of horses with intestinal disease and their healthy counterparts living in Korea using 16S rRNA sequencing from fecal samples. A total of 52 fecal samples were collected and divided into three groups: horses with large intestinal disease (n = 20), horses with small intestinal disease (n = 8), and healthy horses (n = 24). (3) Results: Horses with intestinal diseases had fewer species and a less diverse bacterial population than healthy horses. Lactic acid bacteria, Lachnospiraceae, and Lactobacillaceae were overgrown in horses with large intestinal colic. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B), which is a relevant marker of gut dysbiosis, was 1.94, 2.37, and 1.74 for horses with large intestinal colic, small intestinal colic, and healthy horses, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The overgrowth of two lactic acid bacteria families, Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae, led to a decrease in hindgut pH that interfered with normal fermentation, which might cause large intestinal colic. The overgrowth of Streptococcus also led to a decrease in pH in the hindgut, which suppressed the proliferation of the methanogen and reduced methanogenesis in horses with small intestinal colic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taemook Park
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea; (T.P.); (J.Y.); (A.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Heetae Cheong
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Jungho Yoon
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea; (T.P.); (J.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Ahram Kim
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju 63346, Korea; (T.P.); (J.Y.); (A.K.)
| | - Youngmin Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (T.U.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3376 (Y.Y.); +82-64-754-3354 (T.U.)
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (T.U.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3376 (Y.Y.); +82-64-754-3354 (T.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Willette JA, Pitta D, Indugu N, Vecchiarelli B, Hennessy ML, Dobbie T, Southwood LL. Experimental crossover study on the effects of withholding feed for 24 h on the equine faecal bacterial microbiota in healthy mares. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:3. [PMID: 33402190 PMCID: PMC7786913 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between equine gastrointestinal disease causing colic signs and changes in faecal bacterial microbiota has been identified. The reasons for these changes and their clinical relevance has not been investigated. Withholding feed, which is an integral part of managing horses with colic, may contribute to the observed changes in the microbiota and impact interpretation of findings in horses with colic. Study objectives were, therefore, to determine the effect of withholding feed for 24 h on equine faecal bacterial microbiota in healthy mares to differentiate the effects of withholding feed from the changes potentially associated with the disease. RESULTS Species richness and Shannon diversity (alpha diversity) were significantly lower at the late withheld (10-24 h post withholding feed) and early refed (2-12 h post re-feeding) time points compared to samples from fed horses (P < 0.01). Restoration of species richness and diversity began to occur at the late refed (18-24 h post re-feeding) time points. Horses having feed withheld had a distinct bacterial population compared to fed horses (beta diversity). Bacteroidetes BS11 and Firmicutes Christensenellaceae, Christensenella, and Dehalobacteriaceae were significantly increased in horses withheld from feed primarily during the late withheld and early refed time points. Bacteroidetes Marinilabiaceae and Prevotellaceae, Firmicutes Veillonellaceae, Anaerovibrio, and Bulleidia, and Proteobacteria GMD14H09 were significantly decreased in horses with feed withheld at late withheld, early refed, and late refed time periods (P < 0.01). Changes in commensal gut microbiota were not significant between groups. CONCLUSIONS Withholding feed has a significant effect on faecal bacterial microbiota diversity and composition particularly following at least 10 h of withholding feed and should be taken into consideration when interpreting data on the equine faecal bacterial microbiota in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Willette
- Departments of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
- Present address: Department of Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dipti Pitta
- Departments of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Nagaraju Indugu
- Departments of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Bonnie Vecchiarelli
- Departments of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Meagan L Hennessy
- Departments of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Tamara Dobbie
- Departments of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Louise L Southwood
- Departments of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA.
| |
Collapse
|