1
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Hayward A, Hunt BJ, Haas J, Bushnell‐Crowther E, Troczka BJ, Pym A, Beadle K, Field J, Nelson DR, Nauen R, Bass C. A cytochrome P450 insecticide detoxification mechanism is not conserved across the Megachilidae family of bees. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13625. [PMID: 38283601 PMCID: PMC10810168 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that many bee species have specific cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) that can efficiently detoxify certain insecticides. The presence of these P450s, belonging or closely related to the CYP9Q subfamily (CYP9Q-related), is generally well conserved across the diversity of bees. However, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, lacks CYP9Q-related P450s and is 170-2500 times more sensitive to certain insecticides than bee pollinators with these P450s. The extent to which these findings apply to other Megachilidae bee species remains uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we sequenced the transcriptomes of four Megachile species and leveraged the data obtained, in combination with publicly available genomic data, to investigate the evolution and function of P450s in the Megachilidae. Our analyses reveal that several Megachilidae species, belonging to the Lithurgini, Megachilini and Anthidini tribes, including all species of the Megachile genus investigated, lack CYP9Q-related genes. In place of these genes Megachile species have evolved phylogenetically distinct CYP9 genes, the CYP9DM lineage. Functional expression of these P450s from M. rotundata reveal they lack the capacity to metabolize the neonicotinoid insecticides thiacloprid and imidacloprid. In contrast, species from the Osmiini and Dioxyini tribes of Megachilidae have CYP9Q-related P450s belonging to the CYP9BU subfamily that are able to detoxify thiacloprid. These findings provide new insight into the evolution of P450s that act as key determinants of insecticide sensitivity in bees and have important applied implications for pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Benjamin J. Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Julian Haas
- Bayer AG, Crop Science DivisionMonheimGermany
| | | | | | - Adam Pym
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Katherine Beadle
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Jeremy Field
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular SciencesUniversity of TennesseeMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science DivisionMonheimGermany
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
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2
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Lim K, Lee S, Orr M, Lee S. Harrison's rule corroborated for the body size of cleptoparasitic cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae) and their hosts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10984. [PMID: 35768474 PMCID: PMC9243014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Harrison’s rule, that body size is positively correlated between parasites and hosts, has been reported in a range of taxa, but whether the rule is applicable to cleptoparasitic insects is poorly understood. Subfamily Nomadinae, the largest group of cleptoparasitic bees, usurp the nests of a variety of host bees. Within the subfamily, Nomada exploits the most diverse hosts, using at least ten genera from five families. Here, we reassess the phylogeny of Nomadinae, including the expanded sampling of the genus Nomada, to explore host shift fluctuations throughout their evolutionary history and test the applicability of Harrison’s rule for the subfamily. Our phylogenetic results are mostly congruent with previous investigations, but we infer the tribe Hexepeolini as a sister taxon to the tribe Nomadini. Additionally, the results reveal discrepancies with the traditional classifications of Nomada. Ancestral state reconstruction of host use indicates that, early in their evolution, parasites used closer relatives, before attacking less related groups later. Lastly, we confirm Harrison’s rule in Nomadinae, supporting that body size dynamics influence the host shifts of cleptoparasitic bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayun Lim
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 92 Box, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Orr
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 92 Box, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Waichert C, Rodriguez J, Lelej AS, Dohlen CD, Pitts JP. Revealing diagnostic characters through morphological evolution in cleptoparasitic spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae,
Ceropales
). ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Waichert
- Complexo Biopráticas Universidade Vila Velha Vila Velha Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil
| | - Juanita Rodriguez
- Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Arkady S. Lelej
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia
| | | | - James P. Pitts
- Department of Biology Utah State University Logan Utah USA
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4
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Abstract
Although indirect selection through relatives (kin selection) can explain the evolution of effectively sterile offspring that act as helpers at the nest (eusociality) in the ants, bees, and stinging wasps (aculeate Hymenoptera), the genetic, ecological, and life history conditions that favor transitions to eusociality are poorly understood. In this study, ancestral state reconstruction on recently published phylogenies was used to identify the independent transitions to eusociality in each of the taxonomic families that exhibit eusociality. Semisociality, in which a single nest co-foundress monopolizes reproduction, often precedes eusociality outside the vespid wasps. Such a route to eusociality, which is consistent with groups consisting of a mother and her daughters (subsocial) at some stage and ancestral monogamy, is favored by the haplodiploid genetic sex determination of the Hymenoptera (diploid females and haploid males) and thus may explain why eusociality is common in the Hymenoptera. Ancestral states were also reconstructed for life history characters that have been implicated in the origins of eusociality. A loss of larval diapause during unfavorable seasons or conditions precedes, or coincides with, all but one transition to eusociality. This pattern is confirmed using phylogenetic tests of associations between state transition rates for sweat bees and apid bees. A loss of larval diapause may simply reflect the subsocial route to eusociality since subsociality is defined as females interacting with their adult daughters. A loss of larval diapause and a gain of subsociality may be associated with an extended breeding season that permits the production of at least two broods, which is necessary for helpers to evolve. Adult diapause may also lower the selective barrier to a first-brood daughter becoming a helper. Obligate eusociality meets the definition of a major evolutionary transition, and such transitions have occurred five times in the Hymenoptera.
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Nalinrachatakan P, Traiyasut P, Khongnak A, Muangkam M, Ascher JS, Warrit N. The resin bee subgenus Ranthidiellum in Thailand (Megachilidae, Anthidiini): nesting biology, cleptoparasitism by Stelis, and new species. Zookeys 2021; 1031:161-182. [PMID: 33958912 PMCID: PMC8062381 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1031.57836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin bees of the subgenus Ranthidiellum, are rare and endemic to Southeast Asia. These bees are known to construct resinous entrance tubes to their nests. Here, the new species Anthidiellum (R.) phuchongensissp. nov. is described along with a description of its nest collected from Phu Chong Na Yoy National Park, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. In addition, the bee cleptoparasite, Stelis (Malanthidium) flavofuscinularsp. nov., and the male of A. (R.) ignotum Engel, 2009, are described for the first time. A key to Ranthidiellum species is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakorn Nalinrachatakan
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand.,Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand.,National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Prapun Traiyasut
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand.,Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand.,National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Anupong Khongnak
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand.,Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand.,National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Manop Muangkam
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand.,Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand.,National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - John S Ascher
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand.,Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand.,National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Natapot Warrit
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand.,Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University Ubon Ratchathani Thailand.,National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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6
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Lu H, He B, Hao Y, Zhou Z, Su C, Huang D. Comparative Mitogenomic Analysis of Two Cuckoo Bees (Apoidea: Anthophila: Megachilidae) with Phylogenetic Implications. INSECTS 2021; 12:29. [PMID: 33466344 PMCID: PMC7824771 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea and Anthophila) are distributed worldwide and considered the primary pollinators of angiosperm. Megachilidae is one of the largest families of Anthophila. In this study, two complete mitogenomes of cuckoo bees in Megachilidae, namely Coelioxys fenestrata and Euaspis polynesia, were amplified and sequenced, with a length of 17,004 bp (C. fenestrata) and 17,682 bp (E. polynesia). The obtained results show that 37 mitogenomic genes and one putative control region were conserved within Hymenoptera. Truncated stop codon T was found in the cox3 gene of E. polynesia. The secondary structure of small (rrnS) and large (rrnL) rRNA subunits contained three domains (28 helices) and five domains (44 helices) conserved within Hymenoptera, respectively. Compared with ancestral gene order, gene rearrangement events included local inversion and gene shuffling. In order to reveal the phylogenetic position of cuckoo bees, we performed phylogenetic analysis. The results supported that all families of Anthophila were monophyletic, the tribe-level relationship of Megachilidae was Osmiini + (Anthidiini + Megachilini) and Coelioxys fenestrata was clustered to the Megachile genus, which was more closely related to Megachile sculpturalis and Megachile strupigera than Euaspis polynesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Lu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Bo He
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China;
| | - Youjin Hao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chengyong Su
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China;
| | - Dunyuan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (H.L.); (Y.H.); (Z.Z.)
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7
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Quiñones AE, Henriques GJB, Pen I. Queen–worker conflict can drive the evolution of social polymorphism and split sex ratios in facultatively eusocial life cycles*. Evolution 2019; 74:15-28. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E. Quiñones
- Theoretical Research in Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - Gil J. B. Henriques
- Theoretical Research in Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Ido Pen
- Theoretical Research in Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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8
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Litman JR. Under the radar: detection avoidance in brood parasitic bees. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180196. [PMID: 30967087 PMCID: PMC6388046 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brood parasitism is a specialized form of parasitism in which the offspring of a parasite develops on the food provisions gathered by a host species for its own young. Obligate brood parasitic lineages have lost the ability to acquire provisions for their young and thus rely entirely on the location of an appropriate host to serve as a food-provider. Solitary bees provide some of the most fascinating examples of brood parasitism in animals. Most solitary bees build and provision their own nests. Some, however, usurp the nests of other species of bees. These brood parasites, or 'cuckoo' bees, deposit their eggs on the pollen provisions collected by a host bee for her own offspring. The provisions stored by the host bee are not sufficient to sustain the development of both the host's larva and that of the brood parasite and the parasite must kill the offspring of its host in order to obtain enough nourishment to complete its development. As a consequence, there is fierce competition between the host bee seeking to protect her nest from attack and the brood parasite seeking to avoid detection by the host in order to successfully deposit her eggs in an appropriate nest. In this paper, I review the behaviours that allow brood parasitic bees to escape detection by their hosts. Identifying these behaviours, and placing them within the general context of strategies employed by brood parasitic bees to parasitize the nests of their hosts, is key to understanding how brood parasitic lineages may have evolved from nest-building ancestors, decrypting the selective pressures that drive evolutionary transitions from one strategy to another and, more broadly, revealing how similar selective pressures in widely divergent lineages of animals have given rise to remarkably convergent behaviours. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Litman
- Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Neuchâtel, Terreaux 14, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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9
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Chomicki G, Staedler YM, Schönenberger J, Renner SS. Partner choice through concealed floral sugar rewards evolved with the specialization of ant-plant mutualisms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:1358-1370. [PMID: 27159681 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Obligate mutualisms require filtering mechanisms to prevent their exploitation by opportunists, but ecological contexts and traits facilitating the evolution of such mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated the evolution of filtering mechanisms in an epiphytic ant-plant symbiotic system in Fiji involving Rubiaceae and dolichoderine ants, using field experiments, metabolomics, X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and phylogenetics. We discovered a novel plant reward consisting of sugary sap concealed in post-anthetic flowers only accessible to Philidris nagasau workers that bite through the thick epidermis. In five of the six species of Rubiaceae obligately inhabited by this ant, the nectar glands functioned for 10 d after a flower's sexual function was over. Sugar metabolomics and field experiments showed that ant foraging tracks sucrose levels, which only drop at the onset of fruit development. Ontogenetic analyses of our focal species and their relatives revealed a 25-fold increase in nectary size and delayed fruit development in the ant-rewarding species, and Bayesian analyses of several traits showed the correlated evolution of sugar rewards and symbiosis specialization. Concealed floral nectar forestalls exploitation by opportunists (generalist ants) and stabilizes these obligate mutualisms. Our study pinpoints the importance of partner choice mechanisms in transitions from facultative to obligate mutualisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chomicki
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich, 67 Menzinger Str., 80638, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannick M Staedler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology, University of Munich, 67 Menzinger Str., 80638, Munich, Germany
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10
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Miller DG, Lawson SP, Rinker DC, Estby H, Abbot P. The origin and genetic differentiation of the socially parasitic aphid Tamalia inquilinus. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5751-66. [PMID: 26460808 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Social and brood parasitisms are nonconsumptive forms of parasitism involving the exploitation of the colonies or nests of a host. Such parasites are often related to their hosts and may evolve in various ecological contexts, causing evolutionary constraints and opportunities for both parasites and their hosts. In extreme cases, patterns of diversification between social parasites and their hosts can be coupled, such that diversity of one is correlated with or even shapes the diversity of the other. Aphids in the genus Tamalia induce galls on North American manzanita (Arctostaphylos) and related shrubs (Arbutoideae) and are parasitized by nongalling social parasites or inquilines in the same genus. We used RNA sequencing to identify and generate new gene sequences for Tamalia and performed maximum-likelihood, Bayesian and phylogeographic analyses to reconstruct the origins and patterns of diversity and host-associated differentiation in the genus. Our results indicate that the Tamalia inquilines are monophyletic and closely related to their gall-forming hosts on Arctostaphylos, supporting a previously proposed scenario for origins of these parasitic aphids. Unexpectedly, population structure and host-plant-associated differentiation were greater in the non-gall-inducing parasites than in their gall-inducing hosts. RNA-seq indicated contrasting patterns of gene expression between host aphids and parasites, and perhaps functional differences in host-plant relationships. Our results suggest a mode of speciation in which host plants drive within-guild diversification in insect hosts and their parasites. Shared host plants may be sufficient to promote the ecological diversification of a network of phytophagous insects and their parasites, as exemplified by Tamalia aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Water and the Environment, California State University, Chico, CA, 95929, USA
| | - Sarah P Lawson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - David C Rinker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Heather Estby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Patrick Abbot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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