1
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Griffing AH, Keating SE, Pinto BJ, Nielsen SV, Gamble T. Clarifying a male color morph of Sphaerodactylus macrolepis Gnther, 1859 and resolving the taxonomic confusion on Saint Croix. Zootaxa 2023; 5343:273-280. [PMID: 38221376 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Many species of sphaerodactyl gecko exhibit sexual dichromatism. In particular, dichromatism plays an important role in intersexual signaling for Sphaerodactylus. Furthermore, some species exhibit polymorphism in male color and pattern. Here, we describe a regional male color morph of Sphaerodactylus macrolepis from St. Croix. After generating both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies, we found that individuals with the St. Croix-specific yellow/orange head morph are part of the S. macrolepis clade. This distinct color morph likely contributed to the turbulent taxonomic history of the S. macrolepis species group. Given the documented diversity of the color patterns in this group and that sexual signals evolve rapidly, we suggest S. macrolepis is an excellent group to study the ecological and evolutionary consequences of dichromatism and polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Griffing
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Princeton University; William Street; Princeton; New Jersey 08544; USA; Department of Molecular Biology; Princeton University; Washington Road; Princeton; New Jersey 08544; USA; Milwaukee Public Museum; 800 W. Wells Street; Milwaukee; Wisconsin 53233; USA.
| | - Shannon E Keating
- Molecular and Genomic Pathology Lab; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; 200 Lothrop Street; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania; USA.
| | - Brendan J Pinto
- Milwaukee Public Museum; 800 W. Wells Street; Milwaukee; Wisconsin 53233; USA; School of Life Sciences; Arizona State University; 427 E. Tyler Mall; Tempe; Arizona 85281; USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine; Arizona State University; 401 E. Tyler Mall; Tempe; Arizona 85287; USA.
| | - Stuart V Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University Shreveport; 1 University Place; Shreveport; Louisiana 71115; USA; Department of Biological Sciences; Marquette University; P.O. Box 1881; Milwaukee; Wisconsin 53233; USA.
| | - Tony Gamble
- Milwaukee Public Museum; 800 W. Wells Street; Milwaukee; Wisconsin 53233; USA.
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2
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Devine J, Kurki HK, Epp JR, Gonzalez PN, Claes P, Hallgrímsson B. Classifying high-dimensional phenotypes with ensemble learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.29.542750. [PMID: 37398168 PMCID: PMC10312448 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.542750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Classification is a fundamental task in biology used to assign members to a class. While linear discriminant functions have long been effective, advances in phenotypic data collection are yielding increasingly high-dimensional datasets with more classes, unequal class covariances, and non-linear distributions. Numerous studies have deployed machine learning techniques to classify such distributions, but they are often restricted to a particular organism, a limited set of algorithms, and/or a specific classification task. In addition, the utility of ensemble learning or the strategic combination of models has not been fully explored.We performed a meta-analysis of 33 algorithms across 20 datasets containing over 20,000 high-dimensional shape phenotypes using an ensemble learning framework. Both binary (e.g., sex, environment) and multi-class (e.g., species, genotype, population) classification tasks were considered. The ensemble workflow contains functions for preprocessing, training individual learners and ensembles, and model evaluation. We evaluated algorithm performance within and among datasets. Furthermore, we quantified the extent to which various dataset and phenotypic properties impact performance.We found that discriminant analysis variants and neural networks were the most accurate base learners on average. However, their performance varied substantially between datasets. Ensemble models achieved the highest performance on average, both within and among datasets, increasing average accuracy by up to 3% over the top base learner. Higher class R2 values, mean class shape distances, and between- vs. within-class variances were positively associated with performance, whereas higher class covariance distances were negatively associated. Class balance and total sample size were not predictive.Learning-based classification is a complex task driven by many hyperparameters. We demonstrate that selecting and optimizing an algorithm based on the results of another study is a flawed strategy. Ensemble models instead offer a flexible approach that is data agnostic and exceptionally accurate. By assessing the impact of various dataset and phenotypic properties on classification performance, we also offer potential explanations for variation in performance. Researchers interested in maximizing performance stand to benefit from the simplicity and effectiveness of our approach made accessible via the R package pheble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Devine
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, CANADA
| | - Helen K. Kurki
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CANADA
| | - Jonathan R. Epp
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, CANADA
| | - Paula N. Gonzalez
- Institute for Studies in Neuroscience and Complex Systems (ENyS) CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Av. Calchaquí 5402, Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, BELGIUM
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, BELGIUM
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, CANADA
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3
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Zamora-Camacho FJ. Sex and habitat differences in size and coloration of an amphibian's poison glands match differential predator pressures. Integr Zool 2021; 17:764-776. [PMID: 34599787 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemical defenses are frequently accompanied by salient color patterns actively avoided by predators, a phenomenon referred to as aposematism. However, the production of both chemical defenses and pigments is costly, and is thus expected to be reduced under mild predator pressure. In this work, I compared the size and coloration of parotoid glands (2 dorsal, external swollen structures that secrete toxins in toads) of male and female Epidalea calamita toads from agrosystems and from pine groves. I also quantified the predator attacks received by plasticine toad models, whose "parotoid glands" differed in size and color conspicuousness, exposed in each habitat. Predators avoided models with large and conspicuous parotoid glands, but models in agrosystems were more often attacked. Concerning actual toads, agrosystem and male individuals had larger parotoid glands, presumably implying greater production of chemical defenses than in pine grove and female conspecifics. These findings are aligned with previous research suggesting that both agrosystem toads and males in this system are subjected to a more intense predator pressure. Difference between parotoid gland and dorsum coloration was greater in agrosystem toads. A marked internal pattern could function as an aposematic signal, which could counteract increased predator pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho
- Department of Phisical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Miller EC, Mesnick SL, Wiens JJ. Sexual Dichromatism Is Decoupled from Diversification over Deep Time in Fishes. Am Nat 2021; 198:232-252. [PMID: 34260865 DOI: 10.1086/715114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSexually selected traits have long been thought to drive diversification, but support for this hypothesis has been persistently controversial. In fishes, sexually dimorphic coloration is associated with assortative mating and speciation among closely related species, as shown in classic studies. However, it is unclear whether these results can generalize to explain diversity patterns across ray-finned fishes, which contain the majority of vertebrate species and 96% of fishes. Here, we use phylogenetic approaches to test for an association between sexual dichromatism and diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) in ray-finned fishes. We assembled dichromatism data for 10,898 species, a data set of unprecedented size. We found no difference in diversification rates between monochromatic and dichromatic species when including all ray-finned fishes. However, at lower phylogenetic scales (within orders and families), some intermediate-sized clades did show an effect of dichromatism on diversification. Surprisingly, dichromatism could significantly increase or decrease diversification rates. Moreover, we found no effect in many of the clades initially used to link dichromatism to speciation in fishes (e.g., cichlids) or an effect only at shallow scales (within subclades). Overall, we show how the effects of dichromatism on diversification are highly variable in direction and restricted to certain clades and phylogenetic scales.
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5
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Friis G, Milá B. Change in sexual signalling traits outruns morphological divergence across an ecological gradient in the post-glacial radiation of the songbird genus Junco. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1276-1293. [PMID: 32603490 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The relative roles of natural and sexual selection in promoting evolutionary lineage divergence remains controversial and difficult to assess in natural systems. Local adaptation through natural selection is known to play a central role in promoting evolutionary divergence, yet secondary sexual traits can vary widely among species in recent radiations, suggesting that sexual selection may also be important in the early stages of speciation. Here, we compare rates of divergence in ecologically relevant traits (morphology) and sexually selected signalling traits (coloration) relative to neutral structure in genome-wide molecular markers and examine patterns of variation in sexual dichromatism to explore the roles of natural and sexual selection in the diversification of the songbird genus Junco (Aves: Passerellidae). Juncos include divergent lineages in Central America and several dark-eyed junco (J. hyemalis) lineages that diversified recently as the group recolonized North America following the last glacial maximum (ca. 18,000 years ago). We found an accelerated rate of divergence in sexually selected characters relative to ecologically relevant traits. Moreover, sexual dichromatism measurements suggested a positive relationship between the degree of colour divergence and the strength of sexual selection when controlling for neutral genetic distance. We also found a positive correlation between dichromatism and latitude, which coincides with the geographic axis of decreasing lineage age in juncos but also with a steep ecological gradient. Finally, we found significant associations between genome-wide variants linked to functional genes and proxies of both sexual and natural selection. These results suggest that the joint effects of sexual and ecological selection have played a prominent role in the junco radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Friis
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Milá
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Shizuka D, Hudson EJ. To accept or reject heterospecific mates: behavioural decisions underlying premating isolation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190484. [PMID: 32420857 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Premating isolation in animals involves decision-making processes that affect whether individuals accept or reject heterospecific mates. An integrative understanding of the behavioural processes underlying heterospecific acceptance can clarify the conditions under which premating isolation evolves. As an illustration, we review how Reeve's (Reeve 1989 Am. Nat. 133, 407-435. (doi:10.1086/284926)) acceptance threshold model can help make sense of patterns of premating isolation in nature. This model derives a threshold trait value for acceptance for rejection of recipients of an action (e.g. mating) based on the fitness consequences of these decisions. We show that the maintenance of partial reproductive isolation can be an outcome of optimal acceptance thresholds, even in the face of reinforcement. We also use this model to clarify how the composition of multispecies communities can shape premating isolation. The acceptance threshold model can also be viewed as the behavioural underpinning of reproductive character displacement and cascading reinforcement. Finally, we highlight potential limitations of the acceptance threshold model with respect to investigating the role of sexual selection in speciation, and we propose that integration of behavioural models in speciation research will help us gain a full picture of the mechanisms underlying premating isolation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Signal detection theory in recognition systems: from evolving models to experimental tests'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizaburo Shizuka
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 402 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA
| | - Emily J Hudson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 402 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Box 351634 Station B, Nashville, TN 37235-1634, USA
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7
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Lindsay WR, Andersson S, Bererhi B, Höglund J, Johnsen A, Kvarnemo C, Leder EH, Lifjeld JT, Ninnes CE, Olsson M, Parker GA, Pizzari T, Qvarnström A, Safran RJ, Svensson O, Edwards SV. Endless forms of sexual selection. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7988. [PMID: 31720113 PMCID: PMC6839514 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of sexual selection has exploded, with advances in theoretical and empirical research complementing each other in exciting ways. This perspective piece is the product of a “stock-taking” workshop on sexual selection and sexual conflict. Our aim is to identify and deliberate on outstanding questions and to stimulate discussion rather than provide a comprehensive overview of the entire field. These questions are organized into four thematic sections we deem essential to the field. First we focus on the evolution of mate choice and mating systems. Variation in mate quality can generate both competition and choice in the opposite sex, with implications for the evolution of mating systems. Limitations on mate choice may dictate the importance of direct vs. indirect benefits in mating decisions and consequently, mating systems, especially with regard to polyandry. Second, we focus on how sender and receiver mechanisms shape signal design. Mediation of honest signal content likely depends on integration of temporally variable social and physiological costs that are challenging to measure. We view the neuroethology of sensory and cognitive receiver biases as the main key to signal form and the ‘aesthetic sense’ proposed by Darwin. Since a receiver bias is sufficient to both initiate and drive ornament or armament exaggeration, without a genetically correlated or even coevolving receiver, this may be the appropriate ‘null model’ of sexual selection. Thirdly, we focus on the genetic architecture of sexually selected traits. Despite advances in modern molecular techniques, the number and identity of genes underlying performance, display and secondary sexual traits remains largely unknown. In-depth investigations into the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism in the context of long-term field studies will reveal constraints and trajectories of sexually selected trait evolution. Finally, we focus on sexual selection and conflict as drivers of speciation. Population divergence and speciation are often influenced by an interplay between sexual and natural selection. The extent to which sexual selection promotes or counteracts population divergence may vary depending on the genetic architecture of traits as well as the covariance between mating competition and local adaptation. Additionally, post-copulatory processes, such as selection against heterospecific sperm, may influence the importance of sexual selection in speciation. We propose that efforts to resolve these four themes can catalyze conceptual progress in the field of sexual selection, and we offer potential avenues of research to advance this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willow R Lindsay
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Badreddine Bererhi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arild Johnsen
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erica H Leder
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan T Lifjeld
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Calum E Ninnes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Mats Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Geoff A Parker
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Pizzari
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Qvarnström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca J Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Ola Svensson
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Scott V Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Gothenburg Centre for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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8
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Moran RL, Fuller RC. Agonistic character displacement of genetically based male colour patterns across darters. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181248. [PMID: 30068684 PMCID: PMC6111152 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonistic character displacement (ACD) occurs when selection to avoid maladaptive interspecific aggression leads to the evolution of agonistic signals and/or associated behavioural biases in sympatry. Here, we test for a pattern consistent with ACD in male colour pattern in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Male colour pattern has been shown to function in male-male competition rather than female mating preferences in several darter species. Additionally, males bias their aggression towards conspecific over heterospecific males in sympatry but not in allopatry, consistent with divergent ACD in male behavioural biases. We use a common garden approach to show that differences in male colour pattern among four closely related darter species are genetically based. Additionally, we demonstrate that some aspects of male colour pattern exhibit enhanced differences in sympatric compared to allopatric populations of two darter species, consistent with ACD. However, other male colour traits are more similar between species in sympatry compared with allopatry, indicating that not all signal components are under strong divergent selection in sympatry. This study provides evidence that interspecific male-male aggressive interactions alone can promote elaborate male signal evolution both between and within species. We discuss the implications this has for male-driven ACD and cascade ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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9
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de Abreu FHT, Schietti J, Anciães M. Spatial and environmental correlates of intraspecific morphological variation in three species of passerine birds from the Purus–Madeira interfluvium, Central Amazonia. Evol Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-018-9929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Mendelson TC, Gumm JM, Martin MD, Ciccotto PJ. Preference for conspecifics evolves earlier in males than females in a sexually dimorphic radiation of fishes. Evolution 2017; 72:337-347. [PMID: 29265367 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Speciation by sexual selection is generally modeled as the coevolution of female preferences and elaborate male ornaments leading to behavioral (sexual) reproductive isolation. One prediction of these models is that female preference for conspecific males should evolve earlier than male preference for conspecific females in sexually dimorphic species with male ornaments. We tested that prediction in darters, a diverse group of freshwater fishes with sexually dimorphic ornamentation. Focusing on the earliest stages of divergence, we tested preference for conspecific mates in males and females of seven closely related species pairs. Contrary to expectation, male preference for conspecific females was significantly greater than female preference for conspecific males. Males in four of the 14 species significantly preferred conspecific females; whereas, females in no species significantly preferred conspecific males. Relationships between the strength of preference for conspecifics and genetic distance revealed no difference in slope between males and females, but a significant difference in intercept, also suggesting that male preference evolves earlier than females'. Our results are consistent with other recent studies in darters and suggest that the coevolution of female preferences and male ornaments may not best explain the earliest stages of behavioral isolation in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra C Mendelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250
| | - Jennifer M Gumm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas 75962
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Biology, Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, Georgia 30054
| | - Patrick J Ciccotto
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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11
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Moran RL, Zhou M, Catchen JM, Fuller RC. Male and female contributions to behavioral isolation in darters as a function of genetic distance and color distance. Evolution 2017; 71:2428-2444. [PMID: 28776645 PMCID: PMC5656840 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Determining which reproductive isolating barriers arise first between geographically isolated lineages is critical to understanding allopatric speciation. We examined behavioral isolation among four recently diverged allopatric species in the orangethroat darter clade (Etheostoma: Ceasia). We also examined behavioral isolation between each Ceasia species and the sympatric rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum. We asked (1) is behavioral isolation present between allopatric Ceasia species, and how does this compare to behavioral isolation with E. caeruleum, (2) does male color distance and/or genetic distance predict behavioral isolation between species, and (3) what are the relative contributions of female choice, male choice, and male competition to behavioral isolation? We found that behavioral isolation, genetic differentiation, and male color pattern differentiation were present between allopatric Ceasia species. Males, but not females, discerned between conspecific and heterospecific mates. Males also directed more aggression toward conspecific rival males. The high levels of behavioral isolation among Ceasia species showed no obvious pattern with genetic distance or male color distance. However, when the E. caeruleum was included in the analysis, an association between male aggression and male color distance was apparent. We discuss the possibility that reinforcement between Ceasia and E. caeruleum is driving behavioral isolation among allopatric Ceasia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Moran
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Muchu Zhou
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Julian M Catchen
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Rebecca C Fuller
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
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12
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Winger BM. Consequences of divergence and introgression for speciation in Andean cloud forest birds. Evolution 2017; 71:1815-1831. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Winger
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637
- Life Sciences Section, Integrative Research Center The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago Illinois 60605
- Current Addresses: Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan 1109 Geddes Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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13
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Ciccotto PJ, Mendelson TC. The evolution of male nuptial colour in a sexually dimorphic group of fishes (Percidae: Etheostomatinae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1768-1784. [PMID: 28097663 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To test hypotheses explaining variation in elaborate male colouration across closely related species groups, ancestral-state reconstructions and tests of phylogenetic signal and correlated evolution were used to examine the evolution of male body and fin colouration in a group of sexually dichromatic stream fishes known as darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae). The presence or absence of red-orange and blue-green male colour traits were scored across six body regions in 99 darter species using a recently estimated amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) phylogeny for comparative analyses. Ancestral-state reconstructions infer the most recent common ancestor of darters to lack red-orange colour and possess blue-green colour on different body regions, suggesting variation between species is due to independent gains of red-orange and losses of blue-green. Colour traits exhibit substantial phylogenetic signal and are highly correlated across body regions. Comparative analyses were repeated using an alternative phylogenetic hypothesis based on one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, yielding similar results to analyses based on the AFLP phylogeny. Red-orange colouration in darters appears to be derived; whereas, blue-green appears to be ancestral, which suggests that different selection mechanisms may be acting on these two colour classes in darters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Ciccotto
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 112 Derieux Place, Raleigh, NC, 27695, U.S.A
| | - T C Mendelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, U.S.A
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14
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Martin MD, Mendelson TC. Male behaviour predicts trait divergence and the evolution of reproductive isolation in darters (Percidae: Etheostoma). Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Cramer ERA, Stensrud E, Marthinsen G, Hogner S, Johannessen LE, Laskemoen T, Eybert MC, Slagsvold T, Lifjeld JT, Johnsen A. Sperm performance in conspecific and heterospecific female fluid. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:1363-77. [PMID: 26855769 PMCID: PMC4733106 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Divergent sexual selection within allopatric populations may result in divergent sexual phenotypes, which can act as reproductive barriers between populations upon secondary contact. This hypothesis has been most tested on traits involved in precopulatory sexual selection, with less work focusing on traits that act after copulation and before fertilization (i.e., postcopulatory prezygotic traits), particularly in internally fertilizing vertebrates. However, postcopulatory sexual selection within species can also drive trait divergence, resulting in reduced performance of heterospecific sperm within the female reproductive tract. Such incompatibilities, arising as a by‐product of divergent postcopulatory sexual selection in allopatry, can represent reproductive barriers, analogous to species‐assortative mating preferences. Here, we tested for postcopulatory prezygotic reproductive barriers between three pairs of taxa with diverged sperm phenotypes and moderate‐to‐high opportunity for postcopulatory sexual selection (barn swallows Hirundo rustica versus sand martins Riparia riparia, two subspecies of bluethroats, Luscinia svecica svecica versus L. s. namnetum, and great tits Parus major versus blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus). We tested sperm swimming performance in fluid from the outer reproductive tract of females, because the greatest reduction in sperm number in birds occurs as sperm swim across the vagina. Contrary to our expectations, sperm swam equally well in fluid from conspecific and heterospecific females, suggesting that postcopulatory prezygotic barriers do not act between these taxon pairs, at this stage between copulation and fertilization. We therefore suggest that divergence in sperm phenotypes in allopatry is insufficient to cause widespread postcopulatory prezygotic barriers in the form of impaired sperm swimming performance in passerine birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R A Cramer
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Even Stensrud
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Gunnhild Marthinsen
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Silje Hogner
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Terje Laskemoen
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Tore Slagsvold
- Department of Biosciences Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo PO Box 1066 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Jan T Lifjeld
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Arild Johnsen
- Natural History Museum University of Oslo PO Box 1172 Blindern 0318 Oslo Norway
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16
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Martin MD, Mendelson TC. The accumulation of reproductive isolation in early stages of divergence supports a role for sexual selection. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:676-89. [PMID: 26717252 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Models of speciation by sexual selection propose that male-female coevolution leads to the rapid evolution of behavioural reproductive isolation. Here, we compare the strength of behavioural isolation to ecological isolation, gametic incompatibility and hybrid inviability in a group of dichromatic stream fishes. In addition, we examine whether any of these individual barriers, or a combined measure of total isolation, is predicted by body shape differences, male colour differences, environmental differences or genetic distance. Behavioural isolation reaches the highest values of any barrier and is significantly greater than ecological isolation. No individual reproductive barrier is associated with any of the predictor variables. However, marginally significant relationships between male colour and body shape differences with ecological and behavioural isolation are discussed. Differences in male colour and body shape predict total reproductive isolation between species; hierarchical partitioning of these two variables' effects suggests a stronger role for male colour differences. Together, these results suggest an important role for divergent sexual selection in darter speciation but raise new questions about the mechanisms of sexual selection at play and the role of male nuptial ornaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Martin
- Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T C Mendelson
- Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Ciccotto PJ, Mendelson TC. Phylogenetic Correlation Between Male Nuptial Color and Behavioral Responses to Color Across a Diverse and Colorful Genus of Freshwater Fish (
Etheostoma
spp., Teleostei: Percidae). Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamra C. Mendelson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA
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18
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Friedman NR, Remeš V. Rapid evolution of elaborate male coloration is driven by visual system in Australian fairy-wrens (Maluridae). J Evol Biol 2015; 28:2125-35. [PMID: 26299546 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between colour vision and animal signalling is of keen interest to behavioural ecologists and evolutionary biologists alike, but is difficult to address in terrestrial animals. Unlike most avian lineages, in which colour vision is relatively invariant among species, the fairy-wrens and allies (Maluridae) show a recent gain of ultraviolet sensitivity (UVS). Here, we compare the rates of colour evolution on 11 patches for males and females across Maluridae in the context of their visual system. We measured reflectance spectra for 24 species, estimating five vision-independent colour metrics as well as metrics of colour contrast among patches and sexual dichromatism in a receiver-neutral colour space. We fit Brownian motion (BM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models to estimate evolutionary rates for these metrics and to test whether male coloration, female coloration or dichromatism was driven by selective regimes defined by visual system or geography. We found that in general male coloration evolved rapidly in comparison with females. Male colour contrast was strongly correlated with visual system and expanded greatly in UVS lineages, whereas female coloration was weakly associated with geography (Australia vs. Papua New Guinea). These results suggest that dichromatism has evolved in Maluridae as males and females evolve at different rates, and are driven by different selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Friedman
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - V Remeš
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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