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Travis J, Trexler JC. Phenotypic plasticity in the sailfin molly III: Geographic variation in reaction norms of growth and maturation to temperature and salinity. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11482. [PMID: 38826157 PMCID: PMC11140554 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a single genotype to produce different phenotypes under different environmental conditions, plays a profound role in several areas of evolutionary biology. One important role is as an adaptation to a variable environment. While plasticity is extremely well documented in response to many environmental factors, there is controversy over how much of that plasticity is adaptive. Evidence is also mixed over how often conspecific populations display qualitative differences in the nature of plasticity. We present data on the reaction norms of growth and maturation to variation in temperature and salinity in male and female sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna) from three locally adjacent populations from South Carolina (SC). We compare these reaction norms to those previously reported in locally adjacent populations from north Florida (NF). In general, patterns of plasticity in fish from SC were similar to those in fish from NF. The magnitude of plasticity differed; fish from SC displayed less plasticity than fish from NF. This was because SC fish grew faster and matured earlier at the lower temperatures and salinities compared to NF fish. This is a countergradient pattern of variation, in which SC fish grew faster and matured earlier in conditions that would otherwise slow growth and delay maturity. Among fish from both regions, males were much less plastic than females, especially for length at maturity. While there was no detectable heterogeneity among populations from NF, males from one of the SC populations, which is furthest from the other two, displayed a qualitatively different response in age at maturity to temperature variation than did males from the other two SC populations. The pattern of population variation in plasticity within and among regions suggests that gene flow, which diminishes with distance in sailfin mollies, plays a critical role in constraining divergence in norms of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Joel C. Trexler
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
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2
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Miloch D, Cecchetto NR, Lescano JN, Leynaud GC, Perotti MG. Is thermal sensitivity affected by predation risk? A case study in tadpoles from ephemeral environments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:400-409. [PMID: 38356256 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Changes in environmental temperature may induce variations in thermal tolerance and sensitivity in ectotherm organisms. These variations generate plastic responses that can be analyzed by examining their Thermal Performance Curves (TPCs). Additionally, some performance traits, like locomotion, could be affected by other factors such as biological interactions (e.g., predator-prey interaction). Here, we evaluate if the risk of predation modifies TPCs in Mendoza four-eyed frog (Pleurodema nebulosum, Burmeister, 1861) and Guayapa's four-eyed frog (Pleurodema guayapae, Barrio, 1964), two amphibian species that occur in ephemeral ponds in arid environments. We measured thermal tolerances and maximum swimming velocity at six different temperatures in tadpoles under three situations: control, exposure to predator chemical cues, and exposure to conspecific alarm cues. TPCs were fitted using General Additive Mixed Models. We found that curves of tadpoles at risk of predation differed from those of control mainly in thermal sensitivity parameters. Our work confirms the importance of biotic interactions have in thermal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miloch
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas R Cecchetto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Julián N Lescano
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo C Leynaud
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas, y Naturales, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Perotti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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3
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Hird C, Flanagan E, Franklin CE, Cramp RL. Cold-induced skin darkening does not protect amphibian larvae from UV-associated DNA damage. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:272-281. [PMID: 38197718 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Amphibian declines are sometimes correlated with increasing levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). While disease is often implicated in declines, environmental factors such as temperature and UVR play an important role in disease epidemiology. The mutagenic effects of UVR exposure on amphibians are worse at low temperatures. Amphibians from cold environments may be more susceptible to increasing UVR. However, larvae of some species demonstrate cold acclimation, reducing UV-induced DNA damage at low temperatures. Understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this response is lacking. We reared Limnodynastes peronii larvae in cool (15°C) or warm (25°C) waters before acutely exposing them to 1.5 h of high intensity (80 µW cm-2 ) UVBR. We measured the color of larvae and mRNA levels of a DNA repair enzyme. We reared larvae at 25°C in black or white containers to elicit a skin color response, and then measured DNA damage levels in the skin and remaining carcass following UVBR exposure. Cold-acclimated larvae were darker and displayed lower levels of DNA damage than warm-acclimated larvae. There was no difference in CPD-photolyase mRNA levels between cold- and warm-acclimated larvae. Skin darkening in larvae did not reduce their accumulation of DNA damage following UVR exposure. Our results showed that skin darkening does not explain cold-induced reductions in UV-associated DNA damage in L. peronii larvae. Beneficial cold-acclimation is more likely underpinned by increased CPD-photolyase abundance and/or increased photolyase activity at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Hird
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane (Magandjin), Queensland, Australia
| | - Emer Flanagan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane (Magandjin), Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane (Magandjin), Queensland, Australia
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4
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Smaga CR, Bock SL, Johnson JM, Rainwater T, Singh R, Deem V, Letter A, Brunell A, Parrott BB. The influence of incubation temperature on offspring traits varies across northern and southern populations of the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10915. [PMID: 38371857 PMCID: PMC10869887 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal provisioning and the developmental environment are fundamental determinants of offspring traits, particularly in oviparous species. However, the extent to which embryonic responses to these factors differ across populations to drive phenotypic variation is not well understood. Here, we examine the contributions of maternal provisioning and incubation temperature to hatchling morphological and metabolic traits across four populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), encompassing a large portion of the species' latitudinal range. Our results show that whereas the influence of egg mass is generally consistent across populations, responses to incubation temperature show population-level variation in several traits, including mass, head length, head width, and residual yolk mass. Additionally, the influence of incubation temperature on developmental rate is greater at northern populations, while the allocation of maternal resources toward fat body mass is greater at southern populations. Overall, our results suggest that responses to incubation temperature, relative to maternal provisioning, are a larger source of interpopulation phenotypic variation and may contribute to the local adaptation of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Smaga
- Eugene P. Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- The University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Samantha L. Bock
- Eugene P. Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- The University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Josiah M. Johnson
- Eugene P. Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- The University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas Rainwater
- Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest ScienceClemson UniversityGeorgetownSouth CarolinaUSA
- Tom Yawkey Wildlife CenterGeorgetownSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Randeep Singh
- Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest ScienceClemson UniversityGeorgetownSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Vincent Deem
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Letter
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Arnold Brunell
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Benjamin B. Parrott
- Eugene P. Odum School of EcologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- The University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology LaboratoryAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
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5
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Páez-Vacas MI, Funk WC. Thermal limits along tropical elevational gradients: Poison frog tadpoles show plasticity but maintain divergence across elevation. J Therm Biol 2024; 120:103815. [PMID: 38402728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is arguably one of the most critical environmental factors impacting organisms at molecular, organismal, and ecological levels. Temperature variation across elevation may cause divergent selection in physiological critical thermal limits (CTMAX and CTMIN). Generally, high elevation populations are predicted to withstand lower environmental temperatures than low elevation populations. Organisms can also exhibit phenotypic plasticity when temperature varies, although theory and empirical evidence suggest that tropical ectotherms have relatively limited ability to acclimate. To study the effect of temperature variation along elevational transects on thermal limits, we measured CTMAX and CTMIN of 934 tadpoles of a poison frog species, Epipedobates anthonyi, along two elevational gradients (200-1700 m asl) in southwestern Ecuador to investigate their thermal tolerance across elevation. We also tested if tadpoles could plastically shift their critical thermal limits in response to exposure to different temperatures representing the range of temperatures they experience in nature (20 °C, 24 °C, and 28 °C). Overall, we found that CTMAX did not change across elevation. In contrast, CTMIN was lower at higher elevations, suggesting that elevational variation in temperature influences this thermal trait. Moreover, all populations shifted their CTMAX and CTMIN according to treatment temperatures, demonstrating an acclimation response. Overall, trends in CTMIN among high, mid, and low elevation populations were maintained despite plastic responses to treatment temperature. These results demonstrate that, for tadpoles of E. anthonyi across tropical elevational gradients, temperature acts as a selective force for CTMIN, even when populations show acclimation abilities in both, CTMAX and CTMIN. Our findings advance our understanding on how environmental variation affects organisms' evolutionary trajectories and their abilities to persist in a changing climate in a tropical biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica I Páez-Vacas
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Av. Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador; Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Centro Jambatu de Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios, Fundación Jambatu, San Rafael, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - W Chris Funk
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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6
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Nadeau CP, Urban MC. Macroecological predictors of evolutionary and plastic potential do not apply at microgeographic scales for a freshwater cladoceran under climate change. Evol Lett 2024; 8:43-55. [PMID: 38370540 PMCID: PMC10872021 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid evolutionary adaptation could reduce the negative impacts of climate change if sufficient heritability of key traits exists under future climate conditions. Plastic responses to climate change could also reduce negative impacts. Understanding which populations are likely to respond via evolution or plasticity could therefore improve estimates of extinction risk. A large body of research suggests that the evolutionary and plastic potential of a population can be predicted by the degree of spatial and temporal climatic variation it experiences. However, we know little about the scale at which these relationships apply. Here, we test if spatial and temporal variation in temperature affects genetic variation and plasticity of fitness and a key thermal tolerance trait (critical thermal maximum; CTmax) at microgeographic scales using a metapopulation of Daphnia magna in freshwater rock pools. Specifically, we ask if (a) there is a microgeographic adaptation of CTmax and fitness to differences in temperature among the pools, (b) pools with greater temporal temperature variation have more genetic variation or plasticity in CTmax or fitness, and (c) increases in temperature affect the heritability of CTmax and fitness. Although we observed genetic variation and plasticity in CTmax and fitness, and differences in fitness among pools, we did not find support for the predicted relationships between temperature variation and genetic variation or plasticity. Furthermore, the genetic variation and plasticity we observed in CTmax are unlikely sufficient to reduce the impacts of climate change. CTmax plasticity was minimal and heritability was 72% lower when D. magna developed at the higher temperatures predicted under climate change. In contrast, the heritability of fitness increased by 53% under warmer temperatures, suggesting an increase in overall evolutionary potential unrelated to CTmax under climate change. More research is needed to understand the evolutionary and plastic potential under climate change and how that potential will be altered in future climates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Urban
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Center for Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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7
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Tobias Z, Solow A, Tepolt C. Geography and developmental plasticity shape post-larval thermal tolerance in the golden star tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103763. [PMID: 38071896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity play key roles in mediating organisms' ability to respond to spatiotemporal variation in temperature. These two processes often act together to generate latitudinal or elevational clines in acute temperature tolerance. Phenotypic plasticity is also subject to local adaptation, with the expectation that populations inhabiting more variable environments should exhibit greater phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance. Here we examine the potential for local adaptation and developmental plasticity of thermal tolerance in the widespread invasive tunicate Botryllus schlosseri. By comparing five populations across a thermal gradient spanning 4.4° of latitude in the northwest Atlantic, we demonstrate that warmer populations south of the Gulf of Maine exhibit significantly increased (∼0.2 °C) post-larval temperature tolerance relative to the colder populations within it. We also show that B. schlosseri post-larvae possess a high degree of developmental plasticity for this trait, shifting their median temperature of survival (LT50) upwards by as much as 0.18 °C per 1 °C increase in environmental temperature. Lastly, we found that populations vary in their degrees of developmental plasticity, with populations that experience more pronounced short-term temperature variability exhibiting greater developmental plasticity, suggesting the local adaptation of developmental plasticity. By comparing the thermal tolerance of populations across space and through time, we demonstrate how geography and developmental plasticity have shaped thermal tolerance in B. schlosseri. These results help inform our understanding of how species are able to adjust their thermal physiology in new environments, including those encountered during invasion and under increasingly novel climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Tobias
- MIT-WHOI Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge and Woods Hole, MA, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Andrew Solow
- Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Carolyn Tepolt
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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8
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Garcia-Costoya G, Williams CE, Faske TM, Moorman JD, Logan ML. Evolutionary constraints mediate extinction risk under climate change. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:529-539. [PMID: 36756845 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that rapid evolutionary adaptation may rescue some organisms from the impacts of climate change. However, evolutionary constraints might hinder this process, especially when different aspects of environmental change generate antagonistic selection on genetically correlated traits. Here, we use individual-based simulations to explore how genetic correlations underlying the thermal physiology of ectotherms might influence their responses to the two major components of climate change-increases in mean temperature and thermal variability. We found that genetic correlations can influence population dynamics under climate change, with declines in population size varying three-fold depending on the type of correlation present. Surprisingly, populations whose thermal performance curves were constrained by genetic correlations often declined less rapidly than unconstrained populations. Our results suggest that accurate forecasts of the impact of climate change on ectotherms will require an understanding of the genetic architecture of the traits under selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jacob D Moorman
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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9
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Latitude-Induced and Behaviorally Thermoregulated Variations in Upper Thermal Tolerance of Two Anuran Species. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101506. [PMID: 36290410 PMCID: PMC9598288 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although thermal tolerance along geographical gradients gives an insight into species' response to climate change, current studies on thermal tolerance are strongly skewed towards global-scale patterns. As a result, intraspecific variations are often assumed to be constant, despite a lack of evidence. To understand population-specific responses to thermal stress, we investigated the presence of intraspecific variations in the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of tadpoles in two anuran species, Rana uenoi and Bufo sachalinensis. The study was conducted across a five-degree latitudinal gradient in the Republic of Korea. We exposed the tadpoles to increasing temperatures and recorded the CTmax for 270 R. uenoi individuals from 11 sites, collected in rice paddies, and for 240 B. sachalinensis individuals from ten sites, collected in reservoirs. We also recorded the swimming performance and behavior of the tadpoles when placed in an experimental apparatus during CTmax measurements. We then used linear regressions to determine the relationship between abiotic factors and CTmax. In R. uenoi, we found a positive relationship between latitude and CTmax, but the tadpoles did not display specific thermoregulatory behaviors. In B. sachalinensis, none of the abiotic factors such as climate and geographic coordinates were related to CTmax, but we detected a tendency to swim close to the water surface when water temperature was increasing. For R. uenoi, we tentatively relate the CTmax variability across the latitudinal gradient to a physiological adaptive response associated with habitat characteristics that are assumed to be fluctuating, as the species inhabits small water bodies prone to drying out. In the case of B. sachalinensis, the behavior observed may be linked to oxygen depletion and thermoregulation, as it may buffer temperature changes in the absence of physiological adjustment. These findings suggest that intra-specific variations in CTmax are greater than generally accounted for, and thermal conditions of natural environments are important for understanding thermal tolerance in ectothermic species. Our results highlight that species' specific responses to climate warmings need to be studied to better protect species against climate change.
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10
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Gutiérrez‐Pesquera LM, Tejedo M, Camacho A, Enriquez‐Urzelai U, Katzenberger M, Choda M, Pintanel P, Nicieza AG. Phenology and plasticity can prevent adaptive clines in thermal tolerance across temperate mountains: The importance of the elevation-time axis. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9349. [PMID: 36225839 PMCID: PMC9534760 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin) decrease with elevation, with greater change in CTmin, and the risk to suffer heat and cold stress increasing at the gradient ends. A central prediction is that populations will adapt to the prevailing climatic conditions. Yet, reliable support for such expectation is scant because of the complexity of integrating phenotypic, molecular divergence and organism exposure. We examined intraspecific variation of CTmax and CTmin, neutral variation for 11 microsatellite loci, and micro- and macro-temperatures in larvae from 11 populations of the Galician common frog (Rana parvipalmata) across an elevational gradient, to assess (1) the existence of local adaptation through a PST-FST comparison, (2) the acclimation scope in both thermal limits, and (3) the vulnerability to suffer acute heat and cold thermal stress, measured at both macro- and microclimatic scales. Our study revealed significant microgeographic variation in CTmax and CTmin, and unexpected elevation gradients in pond temperatures. However, variation in CTmax and CTmin could not be attributed to selection because critical thermal limits were not correlated to elevation or temperatures. Differences in breeding phenology among populations resulted in exposure to higher and more variable temperatures at mid and high elevations. Accordingly, mid- and high-elevation populations had higher CTmax and CTmin plasticities than lowland populations, but not more extreme CTmax and CTmin. Thus, our results support the prediction that plasticity and phenological shifts may hinder local adaptation, promoting thermal niche conservatism. This may simply be a consequence of a coupled variation of reproductive timing with elevation (the "elevation-time axis" for temperature variation). Mid and high mountain populations of R. parvipalmata are more vulnerable to heat and cool impacts than lowland populations during the aquatic phase. All of this contradicts some of the existing predictions on adaptive thermal clines and vulnerability to climate change in elevational gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain
| | | | - Marco Katzenberger
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain,Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of GeneticsUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifePrince Edward IslandBrazil
| | - Magdalena Choda
- Department of Organisms and Systems BiologyUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Pol Pintanel
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain,Laboratorio de Ecofisiología and Museo de Zoología (QCAZ), Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Department of Organisms and Systems BiologyUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain,Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB)University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias‐CSICMieresSpain
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11
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Abstract
Rising temperatures represent a significant threat to the survival of ectothermic animals. As such, upper thermal limits represent an important trait to assess the vulnerability of ectotherms to changing temperatures. For instance, one may use upper thermal limits to estimate current and future thermal safety margins (i.e., the proximity of upper thermal limits to experienced temperatures), use this trait together with other physiological traits in species distribution models, or investigate the plasticity and evolvability of these limits for buffering the impacts of changing temperatures. While datasets on thermal tolerance limits have been previously compiled, they sometimes report single estimates for a given species, do not present measures of data dispersion, and are biased towards certain parts of the globe. To overcome these limitations, we systematically searched the literature in seven languages to produce the most comprehensive dataset to date on amphibian upper thermal limits, spanning 3,095 estimates across 616 species. This resource will represent a useful tool to evaluate the vulnerability of amphibians, and ectotherms more generally, to changing temperatures.
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12
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Burrow A, Maerz J. How plants affect amphibian populations. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1749-1767. [PMID: 35441800 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Descriptions of amphibian habitat, both aquatic and terrestrial, often include plants as characteristics but seldom is it understood whether and how those plants affect amphibian ecology. Understanding how plants affect amphibian populations is needed to develop strategies to combat declines of some amphibian populations. Using a systematic approach, we reviewed and synthesized available literature on the effects of plants on pond-breeding amphibians during the aquatic and terrestrial stages of their life cycle. Our review highlights that plant communities can strongly influence the distribution, abundance, and performance of amphibians in multiple direct and indirect ways. We found three broad themes of plants' influence on amphibians: plants can affect amphibians through effects on abiotic conditions including the thermal, hydric, and chemical aspects of an amphibian's environment; plants can have large effects on aquatic life stages through effects on resource quality and abundance; and plants can modify the nature and strength of interspecific interactions between amphibians and other species - notably predators. We synthesized insights gained from the literature to discuss how plant community management fits within efforts to manage amphibian populations and to guide future research efforts. While some topical areas are well researched, we found a general lack of mechanistic and trait-based work which is needed to advance our understanding of the drivers through which plants influence amphibian ecology. Our literature review reveals the substantial role that plants can have on amphibian ecology and the need for integrating plant and amphibian ecology to improve research and management outcomes for amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Burrow
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602-2152, U.S.A
| | - John Maerz
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 E Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602-2152, U.S.A
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13
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Abstract
The integration of life-history, behavioural and physiological traits into a ‘pace-of-life syndrome’ is a powerful concept in understanding trait variation in nature. Yet, mechanisms maintaining variation in ‘pace-of-life’ are not well understood. We tested whether decreased thermal performance is an energetic cost of a faster pace-of-life. We characterized the pace-of-life of larvae of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from high-latitude and low-latitude regions when reared at 20°C or 24°C in a common-garden experiment, and estimated thermal performance curves for a set of behavioural, physiological and performance traits. Our results confirm a faster pace-of-life (i.e. faster growth and metabolic rate, more active and bold behaviour) in the low-latitude and in warm-reared larvae, and reveal increased maximum performance, Rmax, but not thermal optimum Topt, in low-latitude larvae. Besides a clear pace-of-life syndrome integration at the individual level, larvae also aligned along a ‘cold–hot’ axis. Importantly, a faster pace-of-life correlated negatively with a high thermal performance (i.e. higher Topt for swimming speed, metabolic rate, activity and boldness), which was consistent across latitudes and rearing temperatures. This trade-off, potentially driven by the energetically costly maintenance of a fast pace-of-life, may be an alternative mechanism contributing to the maintenance of variation in pace-of-life within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Williams ST, Elbers JP, Taylor SS. Population structure, gene flow, and sex-biased dispersal in the reticulated flatwoods salamander ( Ambystoma bishopi): Implications for translocations. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2231-2243. [PMID: 34603495 PMCID: PMC8477597 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding patterns of gene flow and population structure is vital for managing threatened and endangered species. The reticulated flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma bishopi) is an endangered species with a fragmented range; therefore, assessing connectivity and genetic population structure can inform future conservation. Samples collected from breeding sites (n = 5) were used to calculate structure and gene flow using three marker types: single nucleotide polymorphisms isolated from potential immune genes (SNPs), nuclear data from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the mitochondrial control region. At a broad geographical scale, nuclear data (SNP and MHC) supported gene flow and little structure (F ST = 0.00-0.09) while mitochondrial structure was high (ΦST = 0.15-0.36) and gene flow was low. Mitochondrial markers also exhibited isolation by distance (IBD) between sites (p = 0.01) and within one site (p = 0.04) while nuclear markers did not show IBD between or within sites (p = 0.17 and p = 0.66). Due to the discordant results between nuclear and mitochondrial markers, our results suggest male-biased dispersal. Overall, salamander populations showed little genetic differentiation and structure with some gene flow, at least historically, among sampling sites. Given historic gene flow and a lack of population structure, carefully considered reintroductions could begin to expand the limited range of this salamander to ensure its long-term resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T. Williams
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University AgCenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Sabrina S. Taylor
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University AgCenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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15
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Sabás I, Miró A, Piera J, Catalan J, Camarero L, Buchaca T, Ventura M. Factors of surface thermal variation in high-mountain lakes of the Pyrenees. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254702. [PMID: 34343195 PMCID: PMC8330907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal variables are crucial drivers of biological processes in lakes and ponds. In the current context of climate change, determining which factors better constrain their variation within lake districts become of paramount importance for understanding species distribution and their conservation. In this study, we describe the regional and short-term interannual variability in surface water temperature of high mountain lakes and ponds of the Pyrenees. And, we use mixed regression models to identify key environmental factors and to infer mean and maximum summer temperature, accumulated degree-days, diel temperature ranges and three-days’ oscillation. The study is based on 59 lake-temperature series measured from 2001 to 2014. We found that altitude was the primary explicative factor for accumulated degree-days and mean and maximum temperature. In contrast, lake area showed the most relevant effect on the diel temperature range and temperature oscillations, although diel temperature range was also found to decline with altitude. Furthermore, the morphology of the catchment significantly affected accumulated degree-days and maximum and mean water temperatures. The statistical models developed here were applied to upscale spatially the current thermic conditions across the whole set of lakes and ponds of the Pyrenees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibor Sabás
- CSIC, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes CEAB, Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandre Miró
- CSIC, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes CEAB, Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Piera
- Department of Physical & Technological Oceanography, CSIC, Institute of Marine Sciences, ICM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Catalan
- CREAF Campus UAB, Edifici C, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain
- CSIC, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain
| | - Lluís Camarero
- CSIC, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes CEAB, Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Buchaca
- CSIC, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes CEAB, Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Ventura
- CSIC, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes CEAB, Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
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16
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Tan S, Li P, Yao Z, Liu G, Yue B, Fu J, Chen J. Metabolic cold adaptation in the Asiatic toad: intraspecific comparison along an altitudinal gradient. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:765-776. [PMID: 34089366 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic cold adaptation (MCA) hypothesis predicts an increase in metabolic rate and thermal sensitivity of poikilotherms from cold environments as compared to those from warm environments, when measured under standardized conditions. This compensatory response is also expected to evolve in life history and behavioral traits if the reductions in these phenotypic traits at low temperature involves in a reduction in fitness. We investigated the extent to which the level of energy intake (measured as feeding rate), energy turnover (measured as standard metabolic rate, SMR) and the energy budget (energy allocation to growth and physical activity) are influenced by climatic conditions in three populations of the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) distributed across an altitudinal gradient of 1350 m in the Qionglai Mountains of Western China. We found a similar thermal reaction norm of SMR at both population and individual levels; therefore, the data did not support the MCA hypothesis. However, there was a co-gradient variation (CoGV) for mass change rate in which the high and medium altitudinal populations displayed slower mass change rates than their counterparts from low altitudes. Moreover, this CoGV pattern was accompanied by a low feeding rate and high physical activity for the high- and medium-altitude populations. Our results highlight that adjustments in energy intake and energy allocation to behaviors, but not energy allocation to metabolism of maintenance, could act as an energetic strategy to accommodate the varied growth efficiency in Asiatic toads along an altitudinal gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongyi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gaohui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, No.8, Dayangfang, Beiyuan, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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17
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Cloyed CS, Grady JM, Savage VM, Uyeda JC, Dell AI. The allometry of locomotion. Ecology 2021; 102:e03369. [PMID: 33864262 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Organismal locomotion mediates ecological interactions and shapes community dynamics. Locomotion is constrained by intrinsic and environmental factors and integrating these factors should clarify how locomotion affects ecology across scales. We extended general theory based on metabolic scaling and biomechanics to predict the scaling of five locomotor performance traits: routine speed, maximum speed, maximum acceleration, minimum powered turn radius, and angular speed. To test these predictions, we used phylogenetically informed analyses of a new database with 884 species and found support for our quantitative predictions. Larger organisms were faster but less maneuverable than smaller organisms. Routine and maximum speeds scaled with body mass to 0.20 and 0.17 powers, respectively, and plateaued at higher body masses, especially for maximum speed. Acceleration was unaffected by body mass. Minimum turn radius scaled to a 0.19 power, and the 95% CI included our theoretical prediction, as we predicted. Maximum angular speed scaled higher than predicted but in the same direction. We observed universal scaling among locomotor modes for routine and maximum speeds but the intercepts varied; flying organisms were faster than those that swam or ran. Acceleration was independent of size in flying and aquatic taxa but decreased with body mass in land animals, possibly due to the risk of injury large, terrestrial organisms face at high speeds and accelerations. Terrestrial mammals inhabiting structurally simple habitats tended to be faster than those in complex habitats. Despite effects of body size, locomotor mode, and habitat complexity, universal scaling of locomotory performance reveals the general ways organisms move across Earth's complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl S Cloyed
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, East Alton, Illinois, 62024, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA.,Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528, USA
| | - John M Grady
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, East Alton, Illinois, 62024, USA
| | - Van M Savage
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90024, USA
| | - Josef C Uyeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Anthony I Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, East Alton, Illinois, 62024, USA.,Department of Biology, Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
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18
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Ecological adaptation drives wood frog population divergence in life history traits. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:790-804. [PMID: 33536638 PMCID: PMC8102587 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation among populations is thought to be generated from spatial heterogeneity in environments that exert selection pressures that overcome the effects of gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we tested for evidence of isolation by distance or by ecology (i.e., ecological adaptation) to generate variation in early life history traits and phenotypic plasticity among 13 wood frog populations spanning 1200 km and 7° latitude. We conducted a common garden experiment and related trait variation to an ecological gradient derived from an ecological niche model (ENM) validated to account for population density variation. Shorter larval periods, smaller body weight, and relative leg lengths were exhibited by populations with colder mean annual temperatures, greater precipitation, and less seasonality in precipitation and higher population density (high-suitability ENM values). After accounting for neutral genetic variation, the QST-FST analysis supported ecological selection as the key process generating population divergence. Further, the relationship between ecology and traits was dependent upon larval density. Specifically, high-suitability/high-density populations in the northern part of the range were better at coping with greater conspecific competition, evidenced by greater postmetamorphic survival and no difference in body weight when reared under stressful conditions of high larval density. Our results support that both climate and competition selection pressures drive clinal variation in larval and metamorphic traits in this species. Range-wide studies like this one are essential for accurate predictions of population's responses to ongoing ecological change.
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19
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Wagener C, Kruger N, Measey J. Progeny of Xenopus laevis from altitudinal extremes display adaptive physiological performance. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.233031. [PMID: 34424980 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental temperature variation generates adaptive phenotypic differentiation in widespread populations. We used a common garden experiment to determine whether offspring with varying parental origins display adaptive phenotypic variation related to different thermal conditions experienced in parental environments. We compared burst swimming performance and critical thermal limits of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) tadpoles bred from adults captured at high (∼2000 m above sea level) and low (∼ 5 m above sea level) altitudes. Maternal origin significantly affected swimming performance. Optimal swimming performance temperature (Topt) had a >9°C difference between tadpoles with low altitude maternal origins (pure- and cross-bred, 35.0°C) and high-altitude maternal origins (pure-bred, 25.5°C; cross-bred, 25.9°C). Parental origin significantly affected critical thermal (CT) limits. Pure-bred tadpoles with low-altitude parental origins had higher CTmax (37.8±0.8°C) than pure-bred tadpoles with high-altitude parental origins and all cross-bred tadpoles (37.0±0.8 and 37.1±0.8°C). Pure-bred tadpoles with low-altitude parental origins and all cross-bred tadpoles had higher CTmin (4.2±0.7 and 4.2±0.7°C) than pure-bred tadpoles with high-altitude parental origins (2.5±0.6°C). Our study shows that the varying thermal physiological traits of Xenopus laevis tadpoles are the result of adaptive responses to their parental thermal environments. This study is one of few demonstrating potential intraspecific evolution of critical thermal limits in a vertebrate species. Multi-generation common garden experiments and genetic analyses would be required to further tease apart the relative contribution of plastic and genetic effects to the adaptive phenotypic variation observed in these tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Wagener
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
| | - Natasha Kruger
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
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20
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Body Size Is Related to Temperature Preference in Hyla chrysoscelis Tadpoles. J HERPETOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1670/20-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Sanabria EA, González E, Quiroga LB, Tejedo M. Vulnerability to warming in a desert amphibian tadpole community: the role of interpopulational variation. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Sanabria
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes Universidad Nacional de San Juan San Juan Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) La Plata Argentina
| | - E. González
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) La Plata Argentina
- Museo de La Plata Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata Argentina
| | - L. B. Quiroga
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas Facultad de Filosofía Humanidades y Artes Universidad Nacional de San Juan San Juan Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) La Plata Argentina
| | - M. Tejedo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC Sevilla Spain
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22
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Bonino MF, Cruz FB, Perotti MG. Does temperature at local scale explain thermal biology patterns of temperate tadpoles? J Therm Biol 2020; 94:102744. [PMID: 33292985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Most of the literature on temperature-organism interactions rely on mean temperature (mostly air), disregarding the real complexity of this variable. There is a growing consensus about the importance of considering the temperature fluctuations as a mechanism improving organism's performance. Tadpoles are small body size ectotherm organisms that behave isothermally with their environment. As such, are good models for studying their thermal biology relative to their immediate environment. We studied six anuran tadpole species in North Patagonia, Alsodes gargola, Hylorina sylvatica, Batrachyla taeniata, Pleurodema thaul, P. bufoninum and Rhinella spinulosa, distributed in a West-East altitudinal cline with different environments and thermal conditions. We evaluated the relationship between thermal descriptors at a local scale and the thermal biology patterns of these temperate tadpoles. We estimated thermal tolerance limits and thermal sensitivity of locomotion of each species. The different aquatic environments showed important differences in local thermal conditions, associated with observed differences in the thermal traits in these tadpoles. Species exposed to lower temperature fluctuations and lower environmental mean temperatures showed lower swimming optimal temperatures and narrower thermal tolerance ranges. We found greater variability in the upper than in the lower critical limits in these Patagonian anuran tadpoles. Minimum critical temperatures were close to freezing temperature, possibly in detriment of their tolerance to high temperatures. Overall, our results suggest that these species are adapted to low temperatures. Finally, warming tolerances and predicted thermal safety margins, show that none of the studied species appear to be under thermal stress that may compromise their survival at the present time or in the near future, under a moderate climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Fabián Bonino
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biología Evolutiva y Comportamiento de Herpetozoos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Félix Benjamín Cruz
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biología Evolutiva y Comportamiento de Herpetozoos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Perotti
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biología Evolutiva y Comportamiento de Herpetozoos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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23
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Bodensteiner BL, Agudelo‐Cantero GA, Arietta AZA, Gunderson AR, Muñoz MM, Refsnider JM, Gangloff EJ. Thermal adaptation revisited: How conserved are thermal traits of reptiles and amphibians? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 335:173-194. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Bodensteiner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Gustavo A. Agudelo‐Cantero
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology ‐ Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Alex R. Gunderson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Martha M. Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | | | - Eric J. Gangloff
- Department of Zoology Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware Ohio USA
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24
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Small-scale population divergence is driven by local larval environment in a temperate amphibian. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 126:279-292. [PMID: 32958927 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic variation within and among populations is shaped by the interplay between natural selection and the effects of genetic drift and gene flow. Adaptive divergence can be found in small-scale natural systems even when population sizes are small, and the potential for gene flow is high, suggesting that local environments exert selection pressures strong enough to counteract the opposing effects of drift and gene flow. Here, we investigated genomic differentiation in nine moor frog (Rana arvalis) populations in a small-scale network of local wetlands using 16,707 ddRAD-seq SNPs, relating levels of differentiation with local environments, as well as with properties of the surrounding landscape. We characterized population structure and differentiation, and partitioned the effects of geographic distance, local larval environment, and landscape features on total genomic variation. We also conducted gene-environment association studies using univariate and multivariate approaches. We found small-scale population structure corresponding to 6-8 clusters. Local larval environment was the most influential component explaining 2.3% of the total genetic variation followed by landscape features (1.8%) and geographic distance (0.8%), indicative of isolation-by-environment, -by-landscape, and -by-distance, respectively. We identified 1000 potential candidate SNPs putatively under divergent selection mediated by the local larval environment. The candidate SNPs were involved in, among other biological functions, immune system function and development. Our results suggest that small-scale environmental differences can exert selection pressures strong enough to counteract homogenizing effects of gene flow and drift in this small-scale system, leading to observable population differentiation.
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25
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Taylor EN, Diele‐Viegas LM, Gangloff EJ, Hall JM, Halpern B, Massey MD, Rödder D, Rollinson N, Spears S, Sun B, Telemeco RS. The thermal ecology and physiology of reptiles and amphibians: A user's guide. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 335:13-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Taylor
- Biological Sciences Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo California
| | | | | | - Joshua M. Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama
| | | | - Melanie D. Massey
- Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn Germany
| | - Njal Rollinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto St. Toronto Ontario Canada
- School of the Environment University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Sierra Spears
- Department of Zoology Ohio Wesleyan University Delaware Ohio
| | - Bao‐jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Rory S. Telemeco
- Department of Biology California State University Fresno California
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26
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Enriquez‐Urzelai U, Tingley R, Kearney MR, Sacco M, Palacio AS, Tejedo M, Nicieza AG. The roles of acclimation and behaviour in buffering climate change impacts along elevational gradients. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1722-1734. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Urtzi Enriquez‐Urzelai
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO‐CSIC‐PA)Campus de Mieres Mieres Spain
| | - Reid Tingley
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Michael R. Kearney
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Martina Sacco
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO‐CSIC‐PA)Campus de Mieres Mieres Spain
| | - Antonio S. Palacio
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO‐CSIC‐PA)Campus de Mieres Mieres Spain
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Estación Biológica de DoñanaCSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Spain
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO‐CSIC‐PA)Campus de Mieres Mieres Spain
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27
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Bachmann JC, Jansen van Rensburg A, Cortazar-Chinarro M, Laurila A, Van Buskirk J. Gene Flow Limits Adaptation along Steep Environmental Gradients. Am Nat 2020; 195:E67-E86. [DOI: 10.1086/707209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Rivera‐Ordonez JM, Justin Nowakowski A, Manansala A, Thompson ME, Todd BD. Thermal niche variation among individuals of the poison frog,
Oophaga pumilio
, in forest and converted habitats. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Justin Nowakowski
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California, Davis Davis CA USA
| | | | | | - Brian D. Todd
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California, Davis Davis CA USA
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29
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Rödin‐Mörch P, Luquet E, Meyer‐Lucht Y, Richter‐Boix A, Höglund J, Laurila A. Latitudinal divergence in a widespread amphibian: Contrasting patterns of neutral and adaptive genomic variation. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2996-3011. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Rödin‐Mörch
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Emilien Luquet
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Yvonne Meyer‐Lucht
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alex Richter‐Boix
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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Kong JD, Hoffmann AA, Kearney MR. Linking thermal adaptation and life-history theory explains latitudinal patterns of voltinism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180547. [PMID: 31203762 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect life cycles are adapted to a seasonal climate by expressing alternative voltinism phenotypes-the number of generations in a year. Variation in voltinism phenotypes along latitudinal gradients may be generated by developmental traits at critical life stages, such as eggs. Both voltinism and egg development are thermally determined traits, yet independently derived models of voltinism and thermal adaptation refer to the evolution of dormancy and thermal sensitivity of development rate, respectively, as independent influences on life history. To reconcile these models and test their respective predictions, we characterized patterns of voltinism and thermal response of egg development rate along a latitudinal temperature gradient using the matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba. We found remarkably strong variation in voltinism patterns, as well as corresponding egg dormancy patterns and thermal responses of egg development. Our results show that the switch in voltinism along the latitudinal gradient was explained by the combined predictions of the evolution of voltinism and of thermal adaptation. We suggest that latitudinal patterns in thermal responses and corresponding life histories need to consider the evolution of thermal response curves within the context of seasonal temperature cycles rather than based solely on optimality and trade-offs in performance. This article is part of the theme issue 'Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta D Kong
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Michael R Kearney
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010 , Australia
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31
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Meyer‐Lucht Y, Luquet E, Jóhannesdóttir F, Rödin‐Mörch P, Quintela M, Richter‐Boix A, Höglund J, Laurila A. Genetic basis of amphibian larval development along a latitudinal gradient: Gene diversity, selection and links with phenotypic variation in transcription factor
C/EBP‐1. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2786-2801. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Meyer‐Lucht
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Emilien Luquet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Fríða Jóhannesdóttir
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Patrik Rödin‐Mörch
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - María Quintela
- Department of Population Genetics Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway
| | - Alex Richter‐Boix
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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32
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Francis EA, Moldowan PD, Greischar MA, Rollinson N. Anthropogenic nest sites provide warmer incubation environments than natural nest sites in a population of oviparous reptiles near their northern range limit. Oecologia 2019; 190:511-522. [PMID: 30953168 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oviposition site choice affects a host of offspring phenotypes and directly impacts maternal fitness. Recent evidence suggests that oviparous reptiles often select nest sites where the landscape has been altered by anthropogenic activity, whereas natural nest sites are less often used. We leverage a long-term study of snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) to identify natural nest sites and anthropogenic nest sites and to compare habitat variables among nest site types. Natural and anthropogenic nest sites did not differ in average canopy closure, distance to nearest water, substrate composition, or aspect. However, anthropogenic nest sites had less ground-level vegetation and greater soil brightness, and were 3.3 °C warmer than natural nests during incubation. We used the Schoolfield model of poikilotherm development to assess differences in development rate between natural and anthropogenic nests. Because of the difference in temperature, embryos in anthropogenic nests were predicted to have undergone nearly twice as much development as embryos in natural nests during incubation. We outline why the evolution of fast embryonic development rate cannot compensate indefinitely for the low temperature incubation regimes that become increasingly prevalent at northern range margins, thereby underlining why maternal nest site choice of relatively warm anthropogenic sites may help oviparous reptiles persist in thermally constrained environments. Future research should aim to quantify both the thermal benefits of anthropogenic nest sites, as well as associated fitness costs (e.g., increased adult mortality) to elucidate whether anthropogenic disturbance of the landscape can be an ecological trap or serve a net benefit to some reptiles in northern environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ann Francis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Patrick D Moldowan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Megan A Greischar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Njal Rollinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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33
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Luquet E, Rödin Mörch P, Cortázar‐Chinarro M, Meyer‐Lucht Y, Höglund J, Laurila A. Post‐glacial colonization routes coincide with a life‐history breakpoint along a latitudinal gradient. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:356-368. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Luquet
- Univ LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR5023 LEHNA Villeurbanne France
| | - Patrik Rödin Mörch
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Cortázar‐Chinarro
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Yvonne Meyer‐Lucht
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacob Höglund
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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34
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Enriquez-Urzelai U, Sacco M, Palacio AS, Pintanel P, Tejedo M, Nicieza AG. Ontogenetic reduction in thermal tolerance is not alleviated by earlier developmental acclimation in Rana temporaria. Oecologia 2019; 189:385-394. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Several amphibian lineages epitomize the faunal biodiversity crises, with numerous reports of population declines and extinctions worldwide. Predicting how such lineages will cope with environmental changes is an urgent challenge for biologists. A promising framework for this involves mechanistic modeling, which integrates organismal ecophysiological features and ecological models as a means to establish causal and consequential relationships of species with their physical environment. Solid frameworks built for other tetrapods (e.g., lizards) have proved successful in this context, but its extension to amphibians requires care. First, the natural history of amphibians is distinct within tetrapods, for it includes a biphasic life cycle that undergoes major habitat transitions and changes in sensitivity to environmental factors. Second, the accumulated data on amphibian ecophysiology is not nearly as expressive, is heavily biased towards adult lifeforms of few non-tropical lineages, and overlook the importance of hydrothermal relationships. Thus, we argue that critical usage and improvement in the available data is essential for enhancing the power of mechanistic modeling from the physiological ecology of amphibians. We highlight the complexity of ecophysiological variables and the need for understanding the natural history of the group under study and indicate directions deemed crucial to attaining steady progress in this field.
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36
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Enriquez-Urzelai U, Palacio AS, Merino NM, Sacco M, Nicieza AG. Hindered and constrained: limited potential for thermal adaptation in post-metamorphic and adultRana temporariaalong elevational gradients. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1852-1862. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urtzi Enriquez-Urzelai
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Antonio S. Palacio
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Natalia M. Merino
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Martina Sacco
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
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37
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Changing Thermal Landscapes: Merging Climate Science and Landscape Ecology through Thermal Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40823-018-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Source of environmental data and warming tolerance estimation in six species of North American larval anurans. J Therm Biol 2018; 76:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Fossen EIF, Pélabon C, Einum S. An empirical test for a zone of canalization in thermal reaction norms. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:936-943. [PMID: 29701882 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical models on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity predict a zone of canalization where reaction norms cross, and genetic variation is minimized in the environment a population most frequently encounter. Empirical tests of this prediction are largely missing, in particular for life-history traits. We addressed this prediction by quantifying thermal reaction norms of three life-history traits (somatic growth rate, age and size at maturation) of a Norwegian population of Daphnia magna and testing for the occurrence of an intermediate temperature (Tm ) at which genetic variance in the traits is minimized. Size at maturation changed relatively little with temperature compared to the other traits, and there was no genetic variance in the shape of the reaction norm. Consequently, age at maturation and somatic growth rate were strongly negatively correlated. Both traits showed a strong genotype-environment interaction, and the estimated Tm was 14 °C for both age at maturation and growth rate. This value of Tm corresponds well with mean summer temperatures experienced by the population and suggests that the population has evolved under stabilizing selection in temperatures that fluctuate around this mean temperature. These results suggest local adaptation to temperature in the studied population and allow predicting evolutionary trajectories of thermal reaction norms under changing thermal regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend I F Fossen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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40
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Perotti MG, Bonino MF, Ferraro D, Cruz FB. How sensitive are temperate tadpoles to climate change? The use of thermal physiology and niche model tools to assess vulnerability. ZOOLOGY 2018; 127:95-105. [PMID: 29496379 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ectotherms are vulnerable to climate change, given their dependence on temperature, and amphibians are particularly interesting because of their complex life cycle. Tadpoles may regulate their body temperature by using suitable thermal microhabitats. Thus, their physiological responses are the result of adjustment to the local thermal limits experienced in their ponds. We studied three anuran tadpole species present in Argentina and Chile: Pleurodema thaul and Pleurodema bufoninum that are seasonal and have broad geographic ranges, and Batrachyla taeniata, a geographically restricted species with overwintering tadpoles. Species with restricted distribution are more susceptible to climate change than species with broader distribution that may cope with potential climatic changes in the environments in which they occur. We aim to test whether these species can buffer the potential effects of climate warming. We used ecological niche models and the outcomes of their thermal attributes (critical thermal limits, optimal temperature, and locomotor performance breadth) as empirical evidence of their capacity. We found that Pleurodema species show broader performance curves, related to their occurrence, while the geographically restricted B. taeniata shows a narrower thermal breadth, but is faster in warmer conditions. The modeled distributions and empirical physiological results suggest no severe threats for these three anurans. However, the risk level is increasing and a retraction of their distribution range might be possible for Pleurodema species, and some local population extinctions may happen, particularly for the narrowly distributed B. taeniata.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Perotti
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Fabián Bonino
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
| | - Daiana Ferraro
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservación de Tetrápodos, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Félix Benjamín Cruz
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral 1250, Bariloche, Río Negro 8400, Argentina
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41
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Yousey AM, Chowdhury PR, Biddinger N, Shaw JH, Jeyasingh PD, Weider LJ. Resurrected 'ancient' Daphnia genotypes show reduced thermal stress tolerance compared to modern descendants. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172193. [PMID: 29657812 PMCID: PMC5882736 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how populations adapt to rising temperatures has been a challenge in ecology. Research often evaluates multiple populations to test whether local adaptation to temperature regimes is occurring. Space-for-time substitutions are common, as temporal constraints limit our ability to observe evolutionary responses. We employed a resurrection ecology approach to understand how thermal tolerance has changed in a Daphnia pulicaria population over time. Temperatures experienced by the oldest genotypes were considerably lower than the youngest. We hypothesized clones were adapted to the thermal regimes of their respective time periods. We performed two thermal shock experiments that varied in length of heat exposure. Overall trends revealed that younger genotypes exhibited higher thermal tolerance than older genotypes; heat shock protein (hsp70) expression increased with temperature and varied among genotypes, but not across time periods. Our results indicate temperature may have been a selective factor on this population, although the observed responses may be a function of multifarious selection. Prior work found striking changes in population genetic structure, and in other traits that were strongly correlated with anthropogenic changes. Resurrection ecology approaches should help our understanding of interactive effects of anthropogenic alterations to temperature and other stressors on the evolutionary fate of natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime'e M. Yousey
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Priyanka Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Nicole Biddinger
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Shaw
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Punidan D. Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Weider
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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42
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Nowakowski AJ, Watling JI, Thompson ME, Brusch GA, Catenazzi A, Whitfield SM, Kurz DJ, Suárez-Mayorga Á, Aponte-Gutiérrez A, Donnelly MA, Todd BD. Thermal biology mediates responses of amphibians and reptiles to habitat modification. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:345-355. [PMID: 29314479 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human activities often replace native forests with warmer, modified habitats that represent novel thermal environments for biodiversity. Reducing biodiversity loss hinges upon identifying which species are most sensitive to the environmental conditions that result from habitat modification. Drawing on case studies and a meta-analysis, we examined whether observed and modelled thermal traits, including heat tolerances, variation in body temperatures, and evaporative water loss, explained variation in sensitivity of ectotherms to habitat modification. Low heat tolerances of lizards and amphibians and high evaporative water loss of amphibians were associated with increased sensitivity to habitat modification, often explaining more variation than non-thermal traits. Heat tolerances alone explained 24-66% (mean = 38%) of the variation in species responses, and these trends were largely consistent across geographic locations and spatial scales. As habitat modification alters local microclimates, the thermal biology of species will likely play a key role in the reassembly of terrestrial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justin Nowakowski
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - James I Watling
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, 44118, USA
| | - Michelle E Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - George A Brusch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | | | - David J Kurz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ángela Suárez-Mayorga
- Genetic Conservation and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Genetics, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Aponte-Gutiérrez
- Genetic Conservation and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Genetics, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maureen A Donnelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Brian D Todd
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Tüzün N, Op de Beeck L, Brans KI, Janssens L, Stoks R. Microgeographic differentiation in thermal performance curves between rural and urban populations of an aquatic insect. Evol Appl 2017; 10:1067-1075. [PMID: 29151861 PMCID: PMC5680628 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly increasing rate of urbanization has a major impact on the ecology and evolution of species. While increased temperatures are a key aspect of urbanization ("urban heat islands"), we have very limited knowledge whether this generates differentiation in thermal responses between rural and urban populations. In a common garden experiment, we compared the thermal performance curves (TPCs) for growth rate and mortality in larvae of the damselfly Coenagrion puella from three urban and three rural populations. TPCs for growth rate shifted vertically, consistent with the faster-slower theoretical model whereby the cold-adapted rural larvae grew faster than the warm-adapted urban larvae across temperatures. In line with costs of rapid growth, rural larvae showed lower survival than urban larvae across temperatures. The relatively lower temperatures hence expected shorter growing seasons in rural populations compared to the populations in the urban heat islands likely impose stronger time constraints to reach a certain developmental stage before winter, thereby selecting for faster growth rates. In addition, higher predation rates at higher temperature may have contributed to the growth rate differences between urban and rural ponds. A faster-slower differentiation in TPCs may be a widespread pattern along the urbanization gradient. The observed microgeographic differentiation in TPCs supports the view that urbanization may drive life-history evolution. Moreover, because of the urban heat island effect, urban environments have the potential to aid in developing predictions on the impact of climate change on rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lin Op de Beeck
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kristien I. Brans
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Lizanne Janssens
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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44
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Thermal performance curves under daily thermal fluctuation: A study in helmeted water toad tadpoles. J Therm Biol 2017; 70:80-85. [PMID: 29108561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most research in physiological ecology has focused on the effects of mean changes in temperature under the classic "hot vs cold" acclimation treatment; however, current evidence suggests that an increment in both the mean and variance of temperature could act synergistically to amplify the negative effects of global temperature increase and how it would affect fitness and performance-related traits in ectothermic organisms. We assessed the effects of acclimation to daily variance of temperature on thermal performance curves of swimming speed in helmeted water toad tadpoles (Calyptocephalella gayi). Acclimation treatments were 20°C ± 0.1 SD (constant) and 20°C ± 1.5 SD (fluctuating). We draw two key findings: first, tadpoles exposed to daily temperature fluctuation had reduced maximal performance (Zmax), and flattened thermal performance curves, thus supporting the "vertical shift or faster-slower" hypothesis, and suggesting that overall swimming performance would be lower through an examination of temperatures under more realistic and ecologically-relevant fluctuating regimens; second, there was significant interindividual variation in performance traits by means of significant repeatability estimates. Our present results suggest that the widespread use of constant acclimation temperatures in laboratory experiments to estimate thermal performance curves (TPCs) may lead to an overestimation of actual organismal performance. We encourage the use of temperature fluctuation acclimation treatments to better understand the variability of physiological traits, which predict ecological and evolutionary responses to global change.
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45
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Hereford J. Thermal Performance Curves Reveal Variation in the Seasonal Niche of a Short-Lived Annual. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:1010-1020. [PMID: 28992215 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An organism's environment can vary over spatial and temporal scales. Seasonal variation is an important but overlooked source of environmental variation that often shapes the ranges of organisms. The seasonal niche is a description of the spatiotemporal range of an organism resulting from spatial variation in seasonal conditions. In this study, I describe the seasonal niche of a short-lived annual plant, and variation within the species in seasonal niche breadth. I construct a seasonal species distribution model (SDM) for the species, and using thermal performance curves (TPCs), construct mechanistic SDMs (MSDMs) for individual genotypes. I quantify the correlation between the suitability scores generated in the SDM and the predicted dry weight generated by the MSDMs for each genotype, to estimate variation in seasonal niche breadth among genotypes. Thus, the parameters of TPCs reflect generalist/specialist strategies. I detected significant relationships between thermal performance breadth and maximum predicted fitness and significant correlations between optimal growth temperature and thermal performance breadth. There were large positive correlations between predictions of the SDM and MSDMs based on growth within individual genotypes. The variation in these correlations suggests variation in the degree of specialization. Genotypes with the broadest TPCs had the largest correlations between their MSDMs and the SDM, suggesting that they were generalists. The results show that correlative and MSDMs make similar predictions over the seasonal range, and that ecological specialization can vary dramatically within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Hereford
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Johansson MP, Laurila A. Maximum thermal tolerance trades off with chronic tolerance of high temperature in contrasting thermal populations of Radix balthica. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3149-3156. [PMID: 28480014 PMCID: PMC5415526 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal adaptation theory predicts that thermal specialists evolve in environments with low temporal and high spatial thermal variation, whereas thermal generalists are favored in environments with high temporal and low spatial variation. The thermal environment of many organisms is predicted to change with globally increasing temperatures and thermal specialists are presumably at higher risk than thermal generalists. Here we investigated critical thermal maximum (CT max) and preferred temperature (Tp) in populations of the common pond snail (Radix balthica) originating from a small-scale system of geothermal springs in northern Iceland, where stable cold (ca. 7°C) and warm (ca. 23°C) habitats are connected with habitats following the seasonal thermal variation. Irrespective of thermal origin, we found a common Tp for all populations, corresponding to the common temperature optimum (Topt) for fitness-related traits in these populations. Warm-origin snails had lowest CT max. As our previous studies have found higher chronic temperature tolerance in the warm populations, we suggest that there is a trade-off between high temperature tolerance and performance in other fitness components, including tolerance to chronic thermal stress. Tp and CT max were positively correlated in warm-origin snails, suggesting a need to maintain a minimum "warming tolerance" (difference in CT max and habitat temperature) in warm environments. Our results highlight the importance of high mean temperature in shaping thermal performance curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus P. Johansson
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Murillo-Rincón AP, Laurila A, Orizaola G. Compensating for delayed hatching reduces offspring immune response and increases life-history costs. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P. Murillo-Rincón
- Animal Ecology, Dept of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala Univ.; Norbyvägen 18D SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden
- Zoological Inst.; Christian Albrechts Univ. of Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Animal Ecology, Dept of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala Univ.; Norbyvägen 18D SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Germán Orizaola
- Animal Ecology, Dept of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala Univ.; Norbyvägen 18D SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden
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Yang LN, Zhu W, Wu EJ, Yang C, Thrall PH, Burdon JJ, Jin LP, Shang LP, Zhan J. Trade-offs and evolution of thermal adaptation in the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4047-58. [PMID: 27288627 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important environmental parameters with crucial impacts on nearly all biological processes. Due to anthropogenic activity, average air temperatures are expected to increase by a few degrees in coming decades, accompanied by an increased occurrence of extreme temperature events. Such global trends are likely to have various major impacts on human society through their influence on natural ecosystems, food production and biotic interactions, including diseases. In this study, we used a combination of statistical genetics, experimental evolution and common garden experiments to investigate the evolutionary potential for thermal adaptation in the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and infer its likely response to changing temperatures. We found a trade-off associated with thermal adaptation to heterogeneous environments in P. infestans, with the degree of the trade-off peaking approximately at the pathogen's optimum growth temperature. A genetic trade-off in thermal adaptation was also evidenced by the negative association between a strain's growth rate and its thermal range for growth, and warm climates selecting for a low pathogen growth rate. We also found a mirror effect of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation on growth rate. At below the optimum, phenotypic plasticity enhances pathogen's growth rate but nature selects for slower growing genotypes when temperature increases. At above the optimum, phenotypic plasticity reduces pathogen's growth rate but natural selection favours for faster growing genotypes when temperature increases further. We conclude from these findings that the growth rate of P. infestans will only be marginally affected by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Yang
- Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - E-Jiao Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ce Yang
- Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peter H Thrall
- CSIRO Agriculture, PO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Jeremy J Burdon
- CSIRO Agriculture, PO Box 1600, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Institute of Flowers and Vegetables, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li-Ping Shang
- Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Johansson MP, Ermold F, Kristjánsson BK, Laurila A. Divergence of gastropod life history in contrasting thermal environments in a geothermal lake. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2043-2053. [PMID: 27364364 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Experiments using natural populations have provided mixed support for thermal adaptation models, probably because the conditions are often confounded with additional environmental factors like seasonality. The contrasting geothermal environments within Lake Mývatn, northern Iceland, provide a unique opportunity to evaluate thermal adaptation models using closely located natural populations. We conducted laboratory common garden and field reciprocal transplant experiments to investigate how thermal origin influences the life history of Radix balthica snails originating from stable cold (6 °C), stable warm (23 °C) thermal environments or from areas with seasonal temperature variation. Supporting thermal optimality models, warm-origin snails survived poorly at 6 °C in the common garden experiment and better than cold-origin and seasonal-origin snails in the warm habitat in the reciprocal transplant experiment. Contrary to thermal adaptation models, growth rate in both experiments was highest in the warm populations irrespective of temperature, indicating cogradient variation. The optimal temperatures for growth and reproduction were similar irrespective of origin, but cold-origin snails always had the lowest performance, and seasonal-origin snails often performed at an intermediate level compared to snails originating in either stable environment. Our results indicate that central life-history traits can differ in their mode of evolution, with survival following the predictions of thermal optimality models, whereas ecological constraints have shaped the evolution of growth rates in local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Johansson
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biologu Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Ermold
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biologu Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B K Kristjánsson
- Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University College, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| | - A Laurila
- Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biologu Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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50
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Dillon ME, Woods HA, Wang G, Fey SB, Vasseur DA, Telemeco RS, Marshall K, Pincebourde S. Life in the Frequency Domain: the Biological Impacts of Changes in Climate Variability at Multiple Time Scales. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:14-30. [PMID: 27252201 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, biologists have made substantial progress in understanding relationships between changing climates and organism performance. Much of this work has focused on temperature because it is the best kept of climatic records, in many locations it is predicted to keep rising into the future, and it has profound effects on the physiology, performance, and ecology of organisms, especially ectothermic organisms which make up the vast majority of life on Earth. Nevertheless, much of the existing literature on temperature-organism interactions relies on mean temperatures. In reality, most organisms do not directly experience mean temperatures; rather, they experience variation in temperature over many time scales, from seconds to years. We propose to shift the focus more directly on patterns of temperature variation, rather than on means per se, and present a framework both for analyzing temporal patterns of temperature variation and for incorporating those patterns into predictions about organismal biology. In particular, we advocate using the Fourier transform to decompose temperature time series into their component sinusoids, thus allowing transformations between the time and frequency domains. This approach provides (1) standardized ways of visualizing the contributions that different frequencies make to total temporal variation; (2) the ability to assess how patterns of temperature variation have changed over the past half century and may change into the future; and (3) clear approaches to manipulating temporal time series to ask "what if" questions about the potential effects of future climates. We first summarize global patterns of change in temperature variation over the past 40 years; we find meaningful changes in variation at the half day to yearly times scales. We then demonstrate the utility of the Fourier framework by exploring how power added to different frequencies alters the overall incidence of long-term waves of high and low temperatures, and find that power added to the lowest frequencies greatly increases the probability of long-term heat and cold waves. Finally, we review what is known about the time scales over which organismal thermal performance curves change in response to variation in the thermal environment. We conclude that integrating information characterizing both the frequency spectra of temperature time series and the time scales of resulting physiological change offers a powerful new avenue for relating climate, and climate change, to the future performance of ectothermic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Dillon
- *Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - H Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - George Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Samuel B Fey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - David A Vasseur
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rory S Telemeco
- Department of Biology, V6T 1Z4 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katie Marshall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI, CNRS UMR 7261), Université François Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Tours 37200, France
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