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Vilcot M, Faure N, Andrews KR, Bowen BW, Leprieur F, Manel S. Neutral processes and taxonomic scale drive beta species-genetic diversity correlations in a submesophotic tropical reef fish. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17423. [PMID: 38825968 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
If similar evolutionary forces maintain intra- and interspecific diversity, patterns of diversity at both levels of biological organization can be expected to covary across space. Although this prediction of a positive species-genetic diversity correlation (SGDC) has been tested for several taxa in natural landscapes, no study has yet evaluated the influence of the community delineation on these SGDCs. In this study, we focused on tropical fishes of the Indo-Pacific Ocean, using range-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data for a deep-sea fish (Etelis coruscans) and species presence data of 4878 Teleostei species. We investigated whether a diversity continuum occurred, for different community delineations (subfamily, family, order and class) and spatial extents, and which processes explained these diversity patterns. We found no association between genetic diversity and species richness (α-SGDC), regardless of the community and spatial extent. In contrast, we evidenced a positive relationship between genetic and species dissimilarities (β-SGDC) when the community was defined at the subfamily or family level of the species of interest, and when the Western Indian Ocean was excluded. This relationship was related to the imprint of dispersal processes across levels of biological organization in Lutjanidae. However, this positive β-SGDC was lost when considering higher taxonomic communities and at the scale of the entire Indo-Pacific, suggesting different responses of populations and communities to evolutionary processes at these scales. This study provides evidence that the taxonomic scale at which communities are defined and the spatial extent are pivotal to better understand the processes shaping diversity across levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurine Vilcot
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadia Faure
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Kimberly R Andrews
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian W Bowen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
| | - Fabien Leprieur
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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2
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Laine AL, Tylianakis JM. The coevolutionary consequences of biodiversity change. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00084-3. [PMID: 38705768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Coevolutionary selection is a powerful process shaping species interactions and biodiversity. Anthropogenic global environmental change is reshaping planetary biodiversity, including by altering the structure and intensity of interspecific interactions. However, remarkably little is understood of how coevolutionary selection is changing in the process. Here, we outline three interrelated pathways - change in evolutionary potential, change in community composition, and shifts in interaction trait distributions - that are expected to redirect coevolutionary selection under biodiversity change. Assessing how both ecological and evolutionary rules governing species interactions are disrupted under anthropogenic global change is of paramount importance to understand the past, present, and future of Earth's biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Laine
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1 (PO Box 65), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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3
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Nukazawa K, Chiu MC, Kazama S, Watanabe K. Contrasting adaptive genetic consequences of stream insects under changing climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162258. [PMID: 36801338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater biodiversity undergoes degradation due to climate change. Researchers have inferred the effects of climate change on neutral genetic diversity, assuming the fixed spatial distributions of alleles. However, the adaptive genetic evolution of populations that may change the spatial distribution of allele frequencies along environmental gradients (i.e., evolutionary rescue) have largely been overlooked. We developed a modeling approach that projects the comparatively adaptive and neutral genetic diversities of four stream insects, using empirical neutral/ putative adaptive loci, ecological niche models (ENMs), and a distributed hydrological-thermal simulation at a temperate catchment under climate change. The hydrothermal model was used to generate hydraulic and thermal variables (e.g., annual current velocity and water temperature) at the present and the climatic change conditions, projected based on the eight general circulation models and the three representative concentration pathways scenarios for the two future periods (2031-2050, near future; 2081-2100, far future). The hydraulic and thermal variables were used for predictor variables of the ENMs and adaptive genetic modeling based on machine learning approaches. The increases in annual water temperature in the near- (+0.3-0.7 °C) and far-future (+0.4-3.2 °C) were projected. Of the studied species, with different ecologies and habitat ranges, Ephemera japonica (Ephemeroptera) was projected to lose rear-edge habitats (i.e., downstream) but retain the adaptive genetic diversity owing to evolutionary rescue. In contrast, the habitat range of the upstream-dwelling Hydropsyche albicephala (Trichoptera) was found to remarkably decline, resulting in decreases in the watershed genetic diversity. While the other two Trichoptera species expanded their habitat ranges, the genetic structures were homogenized over the watershed and experienced moderate decreases in gamma diversity. The findings emphasize the evolutionary rescue potential, depending on the extent of species-specific local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nukazawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi 1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Ming-Chih Chiu
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - So Kazama
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-06, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Kozo Watanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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4
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Li QM, Cai CN, Xu WM, Cao M, Sha LQ, Lin LX, He TH. Adaptive genetic diversity of dominant species contributes to species co-existence and community assembly. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:271-278. [PMID: 35769594 PMCID: PMC9209874 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of evolutionary biology and community ecology aims to understand how genetic variation within one species can shape community properties and how the ecological properties of a community can drive the evolution of a species. A rarely explored aspect is whether the interaction of genetic variation and community properties depends on the species' ecological role. Here we investigated the interactions among environmental factors, species diversity, and the within-species genetic diversity of species with different ecological roles. Using high-throughput DNA sequencing, we genotyped a canopy-dominant tree species, Parashorea chinensis, and an understory-abundant species, Pittosporopsis kerrii, from fifteen plots in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest and estimated their adaptive, neutral and total genetic diversity; we also surveyed species diversity and assayed key soil nutrients. Structural equation modelling revealed that soil nitrogen availability created an opposing effect in species diversity and adaptive genetic diversity of the canopy-dominant Pa. chinensis. The increased adaptive genetic diversity of Pa. chinensis led to greater species diversity by promoting co-existence. Increased species diversity reduced the adaptive genetic diversity of the dominant understory species, Pi. kerrii, which was promoted by the adaptive genetic diversity of the canopy-dominant Pa. chinensis. However, such relationships were absent when neutral genetic diversity or total genetic diversity were used in the model. Our results demonstrated the important ecological interaction between adaptive genetic diversity and species diversity, but the pattern of the interaction depends on the identity of the species. Our results highlight the significant ecological role of dominant species in competitive interactions and regulation of community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao-Nan Cai
- School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu-Mei Xu
- School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Qing Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu-Xiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Tian-Hua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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5
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Xie L, Yang Y, Li Y, Chen S, Feng Y, Wang N, Lv T, Ding H, Wang L, Fang Y. A Meta-Analysis Indicates Positive Correlation between Genetic Diversity and Species Diversity. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111089. [PMID: 34827082 PMCID: PMC8615265 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Understanding species and genetic correlations (SGDCs) is essential to establish community composition. In this study, 295 observations from 39 studies explored the SGDCs and the underlying drivers through conducting a global meta-analysis. A positive correlation was found, suggesting that parallel processes (environmental heterogeneity, area, and connectivity etc.) have effects on two diversities. As current biodiversity hotspots have mainly been identified based on high species diversity and high endemism of taxon, the understanding of SGDC will substantially help us to determine whether and how genetic diversity can be used in identifying biodiversity hotspots, as well as in developing conservation practices and policies for biodiversity. Abstract Species diversity (SD) and genetic diversity (GD) are the two basic levels of biodiversity. In general, according to the consensus view, the parallel effects of environmental heterogeneity, area, and connectivity on two levels, can drive a positive correlation between GD and SD. Conversely, a negative correlation or no correlation would be expected if these effects are not parallel. Our understanding of the relationships between SD and GD among different ecosystems, sampling methods, species, and under climate change remains incomplete. In the present study, we conducted a hierarchical meta-analysis based on 295 observations from 39 studies and found a positive correlation between genetic diversity and species diversity (95% confidence interval, 7.6–22.64%). However, significant relationships were not found in some ecosystems when we conducted species–genetic diversity correlation analysis based on a single ecosystem. Moreover, the magnitudes of the correlations generally decreased with the number of sampling units and the annual average the temperature of sampling units. Our results highlight the positive correlation between GD and SD, thereby indicating that protecting SD involves protecting GD in conservation practice. Furthermore, our results also suggest that global increases in temperature during the 21st century will have significant impacts on global biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Yuan Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Yao Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Shuifei Chen
- Research Center for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; (S.C.); (H.D.)
| | - Yueyao Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Ningjie Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Ting Lv
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Hui Ding
- Research Center for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Wuyi Mountains, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; (S.C.); (H.D.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (N.W.); (T.L.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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De Kort H, Baguette M, Lenoir J, Stevens VM. Toward reliable habitat suitability and accessibility models in an era of multiple environmental stressors. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10937-10952. [PMID: 33144939 PMCID: PMC7593202 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity declines, largely driven by climate and land-use changes, urge the development of transparent guidelines for effective conservation strategies. Species distribution modeling (SDM) is a widely used approach for predicting potential shifts in species distributions, which can in turn support ecological conservation where environmental change is expected to impact population and community dynamics. Improvements in SDM accuracy through incorporating intra- and interspecific processes have boosted the SDM field forward, but simultaneously urge harmonizing the vast array of SDM approaches into an overarching, widely adoptable, and scientifically justified SDM framework. In this review, we first discuss how climate warming and land-use change interact to govern population dynamics and species' distributions, depending on species' dispersal and evolutionary abilities. We particularly emphasize that both land-use and climate change can reduce the accessibility to suitable habitat for many species, rendering the ability of species to colonize new habitat and to exchange genetic variation a crucial yet poorly implemented component of SDM. We then unite existing methodological SDM practices that aim to increase model accuracy through accounting for multiple global change stressors, dispersal, or evolution, while shifting our focus to model feasibility. We finally propose a roadmap harmonizing model accuracy and feasibility, applicable to both common and rare species, particularly those with poor dispersal abilities. This roadmap (a) paves the way for an overarching SDM framework allowing comparison and synthesis of different SDM studies and (b) could advance SDM to a level that allows systematic integration of SDM outcomes into effective conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne De Kort
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyBiology DepartmentUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Michel Baguette
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE)National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)Université Toulouse III – Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSANUMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens Cedex 1France
| | - Virginie M. Stevens
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE)National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)Université Toulouse III – Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
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7
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Li B, Yaegashi S, Carvajal TM, Gamboa M, Chiu M, Ren Z, Watanabe K. Machine-learning-based detection of adaptive divergence of the stream mayfly Ephemera strigata populations. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6677-6687. [PMID: 32724541 PMCID: PMC7381564 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive divergence is a key mechanism shaping the genetic variation of natural populations. A central question linking ecology with evolutionary biology is how spatial environmental heterogeneity can lead to adaptive divergence among local populations within a species. In this study, using a genome scan approach to detect candidate loci under selection, we examined adaptive divergence of the stream mayfly Ephemera strigata in the Natori River Basin in northeastern Japan. We applied a new machine-learning method (i.e., random forest) besides traditional distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to examine relationships between environmental factors and adaptive divergence at non-neutral loci. Spatial autocorrelation analysis based on neutral loci was employed to examine the dispersal ability of this species. We conclude the following: (a) E. strigata show altitudinal adaptive divergence among the populations in the Natori River Basin; (b) random forest showed higher resolution for detecting adaptive divergence than traditional statistical analysis; and (c) separating all markers into neutral and non-neutral loci could provide full insight into parameters such as genetic diversity, local adaptation, and dispersal ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Insititute of Environmental and EcologyShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringEhime UniversityMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Sakiko Yaegashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringEhime UniversityMatsuyamaJapan
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
| | | | - Maribet Gamboa
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringEhime UniversityMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Ming‐Chih Chiu
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringEhime UniversityMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Zongming Ren
- Insititute of Environmental and EcologyShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Kozo Watanabe
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringEhime UniversityMatsuyamaJapan
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8
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An ancestral process with selection in an ecological community. J Theor Biol 2019; 466:128-144. [PMID: 30586554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An ecological community is a geographical area composed of two or more species. The ancestral histories of individuals from the same and different species in an ecological community may be interconnected due to direct and indirect interactions. Here, we present a model of the ancestral history of an ecological community that is built upon the framework of coalescent and ancestral graph theory. The model includes selection, whereby the fitness of an ancestral lineage is a function of both its abiotic environment and interactions with individuals from its biotic environment. The model also allows for metacommunity structure. We first define a forward-time percolation process characterizing the evolution of an ecological community and then present its corresponding backward-time graphical model in the limit of large population sizes. Next, we present expectations of properties of phenotypes in the graph. These expectations give insight into the structure of phenotypic variation and trait-environment covariances across local communities, including the effects of drift, intra and inter-species genealogical structure and the sampling effects of selection. In addition, we derive expectations for multivariate phenotypic diversity in a community assuming neutrality and compare this to expectations with stabilizing selection.
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9
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Pfeiffer VW, Ford BM, Housset J, McCombs A, Blanco‐Pastor JL, Gouin N, Manel S, Bertin A. Partitioning genetic and species diversity refines our understanding of species-genetic diversity relationships. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12351-12364. [PMID: 30619550 PMCID: PMC6308885 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disentangling the origin of species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) is a challenging task that provides insight into the way that neutral and adaptive processes influence diversity at multiple levels. Genetic and species diversity are comprised by components that respond differently to the same ecological processes. Thus, it can be useful to partition species and genetic diversity into their different components to infer the mechanisms behind SGDCs. In this study, we applied such an approach using a high-elevation Andean wetland system, where previous evidence identified neutral processes as major determinants of the strong and positive covariation between plant species richness and AFLP genetic diversity of the common sedge Carex gayana. To tease apart putative neutral and non-neutral genetic variation of C. gayana, we identified loci putatively under selection from a dataset of 1,709 SNPs produced using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Significant and positive relationships between local estimates of genetic and species diversities (α-SGDCs) were only found with the putatively neutral loci datasets and with species richness, confirming that neutral processes were primarily driving the correlations and that the involved processes differentially influenced local species diversity components (i.e., richness and evenness). In contrast, SGDCs based on genetic and community dissimilarities (β-SGDCs) were only significant with the putative non-neutral datasets. This suggests that selective processes influencing C. gayana genetic diversity were involved in the detected correlations. Together, our results demonstrate that analyzing distinct components of genetic and species diversity simultaneously is useful to determine the mechanisms behind species-genetic diversity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Wilder Pfeiffer
- Nelson Institute for Environmental ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin – MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Brett Michael Ford
- Department of BiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Johann Housset
- Alcina ForetsMontpellierFrance
- Centre d’étude de la forêtUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Audrey McCombs
- Department of Statistics, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology ProgramIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | | | - Nicolas Gouin
- Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas ÁridasLa SerenaChile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
| | - Stéphanie Manel
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityCNRSUM, SupAgro, IRDINRAUMR 5175 CEFEMontpellierFrance
| | - Angéline Bertin
- Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de La SerenaLa SerenaChile
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