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Lyu C, Sun Y. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055958. [PMID: 36439174 PMCID: PMC9684661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmenting skin disorder characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes. Autoimmunity, genetic, environmental, and biochemical etiology have been proposed in vitiligo pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression are unclear, particularly for immunometabolism. Sporadic studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, and specific defects in other metabolic pathways can promote dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in vitiligo. These abnormalities appear to be driven by genetic and epigenetic factors modulated by stochastic events. In addition, glucose and lipid abnormalities in metabolism have been associated with vitiligo. Specific skin cell populations are also involved in the critical role of dysregulation of metabolic pathways, including melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tissue-resident memory T cells in vitiligo pathogenesis. Novel therapeutic treatments are also raised based on the abnormalities of immunometabolism. This review summarizes the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and novel treatment options.
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V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1): A potential target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152274. [PMID: 36095871 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity eventuates when the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of the breakdown in immune tolerance. Targeting autoimmune diseases via immunomodulation has become an essential strategy in today's era. A B7 superfamily member immune checkpoint, the V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1), also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and B7x, is involved in negatively regulating T-cell activation. VTCN1 transcript has been reported in various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, but its protein expression is restricted, indicating its translational regulation. Dysregulation of VTCN1 has resulted in the exacerbation of various autoimmune diseases. Moreover, increased soluble form of VTCN1 in the patient's sera positively correlates with the disease progression and severity. The current review summarizes all the reports till date, unfolding the role of VTCN1 in various autoimmune diseases and its therapeutic potential.
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Pang B, Mao H, Wang J, Yang W. MiR-185-5p suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting GPX1. Microvasc Res 2022; 140:104296. [PMID: 34863990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been characterized by the swift development of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. This research aimed to examine the impacts of the miR-185-5p-GPX1 axis on AML progression and differentiation. Findings indicated that miR-185-5p and GPX1 levels were significantly reduced and elevated, respectively. The upregulation of miR-185-5p was observed to restrict the proliferation and invasion abilities of AML cells, and promote differentiate and apoptosis. Moreover, the overexpression of GPX1 was noticed to enhance the growth of AML cells. In conclusion, this research suggested that by targeting GPX1, miR-185-5p inhibited AML progression and downregulated AML cells' proliferation and invasion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- RNA Interference
- Signal Transduction
- Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Hanwen Mao
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Dongxihu District People's Hospital, Union-Dongxihu Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430040, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China.
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Jadeja SD, Vaishnav J, Bharti AH, Begum R. Elevated X-Box Binding Protein1 Splicing and Interleukin-17A Expression Are Associated With Active Generalized Vitiligo in Gujarat Population. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801724. [PMID: 35046957 PMCID: PMC8761938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder defined by the destruction of functional epidermal melanocytes. It is a multifactorial and polygenic disorder caused due to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autoimmunity, among other factors. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of X-box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) and Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) polymorphisms and monitor their systemic as well as skin expression levels in vitiligo patients from Gujarat population in India. XBP1 rs2269577 G/C, IL17A rs2275913 G/A and IL17A rs8193036 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in 312 controls and 276 vitiligo patients. Transcript levels of spliced (sXBP1), unspliced XBP1 (uXBP1) and IL17A from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as spliced and unspliced XBP1 from skin samples were analyzed by qPCR. IL-17A protein levels in suction-induced blister fluid (SBF) from the skin of study subjects were estimated by ELISA. The results revealed that genotype (p=0.010) and allele (p=0.014) frequencies of XBP1 rs2269577 G/C polymorphism were significantly different, however, no significant difference was observed in frequencies of IL17A rs2275913 G/A and IL17A rs8193036 C/T polymorphisms in control and patient population. Gene expression analysis revealed that sXBP1 and IL17A levels were significantly higher in PBMCs of generalized (p=0.030 and p=0.039, respectively) and active (p=0.024 and p=0.017, respectively) vitiligo patients. Moreover, we observed a significantly elevated sXBP1 expression (p=0.037) as well as IL-17A protein levels (p=0.009) in perilesional skin of vitiligo patients as compared to controls. Overall, these findings suggest XBP1 and IL17A play an important role in vitiligo and further substantiate the involvement of ER stress in exacerbating immune-mediated vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Jayvadan Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Ankit H Bharti
- Dermatology Department, Dr. Ankit's Dermatopathology Research Centre, Vyara, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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5
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Singh M, Vaishnav J, Shah A, Begum R. Expression analysis of candidate genes in vitiligo patients & effect of oxidative stress on melanocytes. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jadeja SD, Mayatra JM, Vaishnav J, Shukla N, Begum R. A Concise Review on the Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Development of Autoimmunity in Vitiligo Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:624566. [PMID: 33613564 PMCID: PMC7890234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is characterized by circumscribed depigmented macules in the skin resulting due to the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes from the epidermis. Both humoral as well as cell-mediated autoimmune responses are involved in melanocyte destruction. Several studies including ours have established that oxidative stress is involved in vitiligo onset, while autoimmunity contributes to the disease progression. However, the underlying mechanism involved in programing the onset and progression of the disease remains a conundrum. Based on several direct and indirect evidences, we suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress might act as a connecting link between oxidative stress and autoimmunity in vitiligo pathogenesis. Oxidative stress disrupts cellular redox potential that extends to the ER causing the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). The primary aim of UPR is to resolve the stress and restore cellular homeostasis for cell survival. Growing evidences suggest a vital role of UPR in immune regulation. Moreover, defective UPR has been implicated in the development of autoimmunity in several autoimmune disorders. ER stress-activated UPR plays an essential role in the regulation and maintenance of innate as well as adaptive immunity, and a defective UPR may result in systemic/tissue level/organ-specific autoimmunity. This review emphasizes on understanding the role of ER stress-induced UPR in the development of systemic and tissue level autoimmunity in vitiligo pathogenesis and its therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Li L. The Role of MicroRNAs in Vitiligo: Regulators and Therapeutic Targets. Ann Dermatol 2020; 32:441-451. [PMID: 33911786 PMCID: PMC7875238 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.6.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder clinically characterized by the progressive appearance of white maculae due to a loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes. Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, including immune cell and melanocyte development and functions. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of several immune-related diseases has been explored. Novel approaches to target miRNAs have recently emerged allowing modulation of miRNAs levels in diverse pathological processes, thus making them promising targets for molecular-based diagnostics and therapy. Here, we report the present status of research on miRNAs expression and functional alterations in vitiligo, in order to more fully understand the role of these molecules in vitiligo pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Singh M, Jadeja SD, Vaishnav J, Mansuri MS, Shah C, Mayatra JM, Shah A, Begum R. Investigation of the Role of Interleukin 6 in Vitiligo Pathogenesis. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:120-137. [PMID: 32865069 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1813756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL6) is involved in pathogenesis of several autoimmune disorders including vitiligo. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of IL6 -174 G/C and -572 G/C polymorphisms and its transcript levels with vitiligo; to evaluate the effect of IL-6 on normal human melanocyte (NHM) viability and expression of IL6R, MITF and TYR. IL6 -174 G/C and -572 G/C polymorphisms were genotyped by ARMS-PCR and PCR-RFLP respectively in 343 controls and 322 vitiligo patients. IL6 transcript levels were estimated from PBMCs (96 controls and 77 patients) and skin samples (15 controls and 15 patients) by qPCR. NHM viability was assessed by MTT; IL6R, MITF and TYR transcript and protein levels were monitored by qPCR and ICC respectively. Genetic analyses revealed no association of IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism (p> .05) with vitiligo. Analysis of IL6 -572 G/C revealed reduced risk of vitiligo in individuals with GC/CC genotypes compared to GG genotype (p = .010). IL6 expression was significantly increased (p = .0197) in PBMCs of patients. Further, IL6 expression was significantly higher in non-lesional skin compared to controls (p = .009). In-vitro NHM viability was decreased upon IL-6 exposure (10-50 ng/ml; p< .05), with significantly increased IL6R transcript (p = .042) and protein levels (p = .003) however, MITF transcript (p = .0003) and protein levels (p = .016), and TYR transcript levels (p = .001) were significantly decreased. The results suggest that IL6 -572 G/C polymorphism might be associated with vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. Moreover, increased IL6 expression in vitiligo patients and its effect on NHM suggest a potential role in melanocyte biology. CONCLUSION The results suggest that IL6 - 572 G/C polymorphism might be associated with vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. Moreover, increased IL6 expression in vitiligo patients and its effect on NHM suggest a potential role in melanocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, Vadodara, India
| | - Shahnawaz D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, Vadodara, India
| | - Jayvadan Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, Vadodara, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, Vadodara, India
| | - Chandni Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, Vadodara, India
| | - Jay M Mayatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, Vadodara, India
| | - Atul Shah
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Solace Hospital, Vadodara, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, Vadodara, India
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Mansuri MS, Singh M, Jadeja SD, Begum R. Association of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 3'UTR polymorphism with vitiligo and in vitro studies on G6PD inhibition in melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 93:133-135. [PMID: 30658872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Shahnawaz D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India.
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10
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Singh M, Mansuri MS, Jadeja SD, Marfatia YS, Begum R. Association of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist intron 2 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism with vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:285-291. [PMID: 29620037 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is a multifactorial, polygenic, autoimmune skin disorder caused by selective destruction of melanocytes. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist intron 2 polymorphism was found to be associated with various autoimmune disorders. Aims We aimed to investigate the association of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist intron 2 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (rs2234663) with vitiligo to assess interleukin 1 receptor antagonist transcript levels and to perform possible genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods Three hundred and seven vitiligo patients and 316 controls were enrolled in the study, genotyping of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist rs2234663 was performed by polymerase chain reaction, and relative gene expression of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist was carried out in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients (n = 36) and controls (n = 36) by real-time-PCR. Results A significant difference was observed in the frequency of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist *A (1/2) genotype among patients with active and stable vitiligo (P = 0.0172). Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist*A (2/2) genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different between SV patients and controls (P = 0.0246 and P = 0.0046, respectively). Significant difference was also observed for interleukin 1 receptor antagonist*A2 (allele) in active and stable vitiligo patients (P = 0.0060). However, other comparisons did not show any significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies. Moreover, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist*A (3/2) genotype was observed only in patients whereas interleukin 1 receptor antagonist*A (5/2) was observed only in controls. Gene expression analysis showed no significant difference in interleukin 1 receptor antagonist transcript levels in patients compared to controls (P = 0.5962). Interestingly, genotype-phenotype correlation analysis revealed that individuals with IL1RN*A (2/2) exhibited higher interleukin 1 receptor antagonist expression compared to other major genotypes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist*A (1/2) (P = 0.01) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist*A (1/1) (P = 0.03). Limitations More case-control studies on interleukin 1 receptor antagonist rs2234663 polymorphism and gene expression from different ethnic populations are required to explore the impact of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in vitiligo susceptibility. Conclusion Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist*A2 might be a risk factor for progressive vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Shahnawaz D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Yogesh S Marfatia
- Department of Skin and VD, Sir Sayajiraogaikwad Medical College, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Speeckaert R, Dugardin J, Lambert J, Lapeere H, Verhaeghe E, Speeckaert MM, van Geel N. Critical appraisal of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1089-1098. [PMID: 29341310 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains a topic of extensive debate. This is partly due to the moderate efficacy of current treatments. The role of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo is a popular although controversial research topic. OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo compared to other inflammatory skin disorders and to assess the therapeutic role of antioxidants. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the existing literature on the aberrancies of the oxidative stress pathway in vitiligo. Subsequently, the efficacy of both topical and oral antioxidants in clinical trials was investigated. RESULTS A deregulated oxidative pathway is clearly evident with elevated superoxide dismutase, decreased catalase and increased lipid peroxidation. However, similar results have been obtained in other inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus and urticaria. This questions the unique role of oxidative stress in the development of vitiligo. Some isolated successes have been reported with oral ginkgo biloba, polypodium leucotomos and vitamin C and E preparations, while other clinical trials have failed to show reproducible results. The use of topical antioxidants delivers in general no beneficial results. CONCLUSION The oxidative pathway is affected in vitiligo, but its unique initiating or contributory role in the pathogenesis is less evident. Interesting data support the added value of oral antioxidants in vitiligo although confirmatory studies are missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Dugardin
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Lapeere
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Verhaeghe
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M M Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Kundu RV, Mhlaba JM, Rangel SM, Le Poole IC. The convergence theory for vitiligo: A reappraisal. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:647-655. [PMID: 29704874 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is characterized by progressive loss of skin pigmentation. The search for aetiologic factors has led to the biochemical, the neurologic and the autoimmune theory. The convergence theory was then proposed several years ago to incorporate existing theories of vitiligo development into a single overview of vitiligo aetiology. The viewpoint that vitiligo is not caused only by predisposing mutations, or only by melanocytes responding to chemical/radiation exposure, or only by hyperreactive T cells, but rather results from a combination of aetiologic factors that impact melanocyte viability, has certainly stood the test of time. New findings have since informed the description of progressive depigmentation. Understanding the relative importance of such aetiologic factors combined with a careful selection of the most targetable pathways will continue to drive the next phase in vitiligo research: the development of effective therapeutics. In that arena, it is likewise important to acknowledge that pathways affected in some patients may not be altered in others. Taken together, the convergence theory continues to provide a comprehensive viewpoint of vitiligo aetiology. The theory serves to intertwine aetiologic pathways and will help to define pathways amenable to disease intervention in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopal V Kundu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julia M Mhlaba
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Association of elevated homocysteine levels and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) 1298 A > C polymorphism with Vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:112-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Mansuri MS, Jadeja SD, Singh M, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Begum R. The catalase gene promoter and 5'-untranslated region variants lead to altered gene expression and enzyme activity in vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1590-1600. [PMID: 28542879 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be the initial event in the course of vitiligo. The enzyme catalase (CAT) is mainly involved in cellular defence against oxidizing agents through detoxifying H2 O2 . OBJECTIVES The aims were (i) to assess erythrocyte CAT enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels as well as CAT mRNA expression in skin and blood; (ii) to investigate CAT gene promoter rs7943316, rs1001179, 5'-untranslated region rs1049982, and exon (rs17886350, rs11032709, rs17880442, rs35677492) polymorphisms; and (iii) to perform genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses in patients with vitiligo and controls from Gujarat. METHODS CAT activity and LPO levels were measured spectrophotometrically. CAT mRNA levels were estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by the SYBR Green method. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplification-refractory mutation system-PCR analyses. RESULTS Patients with vitiligo showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA expression in lesional and nonlesional skin and in blood, with reduced CAT activity compared with that of controls. CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with patients, especially with active and generalized vitiligo, whereas no association was observed for -262G/A and exon polymorphisms. The A-262 T-89 C-20 haplotype with variant alleles was found to be associated with 6·4-fold risk of vitiligo. Genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses revealed that individuals with susceptible genotypes/haplotype for CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA/activity, and only -89A/T polymorphisms showed significantly increased LPO levels compared with wild-type genotypes/haplotype. CONCLUSIONS The present study proposes the crucial role of CAT and its allelic variants in oxidative stress-mediated pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
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Haslam IS, Jadkauskaite L, Szabó IL, Staege S, Hesebeck-Brinckmann J, Jenkins G, Bhogal RK, Lim FL, Farjo N, Farjo B, Bíró T, Schäfer M, Paus R. Oxidative Damage Control in a Human (Mini-) Organ: Nrf2 Activation Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Hair Growth Inhibition. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:295-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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