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Huang X, Zhao P, Zhang G, Su X, Li H, Gong H, Ma X, Liu F. Application of Non-Pharmacologic Therapy in Hair Loss Treatment and Hair Regrowth. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1701-1710. [PMID: 39071847 PMCID: PMC11283242 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s471754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Alopecia significantly affects the appearance and psychology of patients, and pharmacological therapies and hair transplantation are the main treatments for alopecia, but both have limitations. This review aimed to summarize the non-pharmacological therapies that promote hair growth and regeneration. Patients and Methods This is a non-systematic review. Multiple databases was searched with relevant data published between 1997 and 2024. Searching and screening followed the PRISMA guidelines. Results Novel therapeutic modalities, such as gas molecules, platelet-rich plasma, laser, and microneedling, can change the microenvironment of hair follicles, activate hair follicle stem cells, and promote hair growth and regeneration. Conclusion This paper reviews research on the application of non-pharmacological therapies in alopecia treatment and hair regeneration, with a view to providing an important basis for future research on alopecia treatment and the postoperative treatment of patients after hair transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlyu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongjie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangxi Su
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huizi Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Cosmetology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Kiselev A, Park S. Immune niches for hair follicle development and homeostasis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1397067. [PMID: 38711955 PMCID: PMC11070776 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1397067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle is a dynamic mini-organ that has specialized cycles and architectures with diverse cell types to form hairs. Previous studies for several decades have investigated morphogenesis and signaling pathways during embryonic development and adult hair cycles in both mouse and human skin. In particular, hair follicle stem cells and mesenchymal niches received major attention as key players, and their roles and interactions were heavily revealed. Although resident and circulating immune cells affect cellular function and interactions in the skin, research on immune cells has mainly received attention on diseases rather than development or homeostasis. Recently, many studies have suggested the functional roles of diverse immune cells as a niche for hair follicles. Here, we will review recent findings about immune niches for hair follicles and provide insight into mechanisms of hair growth and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kiselev
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sangbum Park
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Bertolini M, Gherardini J, Chéret J, Alam M, Sulk M, Botchkareva NV, Biro T, Funk W, Grieshaber F, Paus R. Mechanical epilation exerts complex biological effects on human hair follicles and perifollicular skin: An ex vivo study approach. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:175-198. [PMID: 37923568 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electrical epilation of unwanted hair is a widely used hair removal method, but it is largely unknown how this affects the biology of human hair follicles (HF) and perifollicular skin. Here, we have begun to explore how mechanical epilation changes selected key biological read-out parameters ex vivo within and around the pilosebaceous unit. METHODS Human full-thickness scalp skin samples were epilated ex vivo using an electro-mechanical device, organ-cultured for up to 6 days in serum-free, supplemented medium, and assessed at different time points by quantitative (immuno-)histomorphometry for selected relevant read-out parameters in epilated and sham-epilated control samples. RESULTS Epilation removed most of the hair shafts, often together with fragments of the outer and inner root sheath and hair matrix. This was associated with persistent focal thinning of the HF basal membrane, decreased melanin content of the residual HF epithelium, and increased HF keratinocyte apoptosis, including in the bulge, yet without affecting the number of cytokeratin 15+ HF epithelial stem cells. Sebocyte apoptosis in the peripheral zone was increased, albeit without visibly altering sebum production. Epilation transiently perturbed HF immune privilege, and increased the expression of ICAM-1 in the bulge and bulb mesenchyme, and the number of perifollicular MHC class II+ cells as well as mast cells around the distal epithelium and promoted mast cell degranulation around the suprabulbar and bulbar area. Moreover, compared to controls, several key players of neurogenic skin inflammation, itch, and/or thermosensation (TRPV1, TRPA1, NGF, and NKR1) were differentially expressed in post-epilation skin. CONCLUSION These data generated in denervated, organ-cultured human scalp skin demonstrate that epilation-induced mechanical HF trauma elicits surprisingly complex biological responses. These may contribute to the delayed re-growth of thinner and lighter hair shafts post-epilation and temporary post-epilation discomfort. Our findings also provide pointers regarding the development of topically applicable agents that minimize undesirable sequelae of epilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Majid Alam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Qatar Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mathias Sulk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tamas Biro
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Funk
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dr. Dr. med. Funk, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany
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Jimeno Ortega I, Stefanato CM. Telogen effluvium: a 360 degree review. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2023; 158:457-466. [PMID: 38015483 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.23.07579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common presentations of diffuse non-cicatricial alopecia and is generally self-limited. Multiple causes are associated with TE onset and its maintenance, with stress being felt the most common factor. The multifactorial etiologies involved in TE makes it a complex disorder to diagnose and treat often placing this entity into a "waste basket" diagnosis. By critically assessing the available scientific literature we aimed to review the multifaceted aspects of TE. Our objectives were to review the pathogenesis with the role of stress (including Coronavirus 19-associated TE), as well as to describe the main clinical findings, its differential diagnosis and the current knowledge on TE treatments along with the future treatment's insights.
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Toh EQ, Wang ECE. Targeted immunotherapy for hair regrowth and regeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1285452. [PMID: 37881630 PMCID: PMC10595013 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1285452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- En Qi Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Luo Y, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhong W, Xing M, Lyu G. Development of Organs-on-Chips and Their Impact on Precision Medicine and Advanced System Simulation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2094. [PMID: 37631308 PMCID: PMC10460056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs may undergo costly preclinical studies but still fail to demonstrate their efficacy in clinical trials, which makes it challenging to discover new drugs. Both in vitro and in vivo models are essential for disease research and therapeutic development. However, these models cannot simulate the physiological and pathological environment in the human body, resulting in limited drug detection and inaccurate disease modelling, failing to provide valid guidance for clinical application. Organs-on-chips (OCs) are devices that serve as a micro-physiological system or a tissue-on-a-chip; they provide accurate insights into certain functions and the pathophysiology of organs to precisely predict the safety and efficiency of drugs in the body. OCs are faster, more economical, and more precise. Thus, they are projected to become a crucial addition to, and a long-term replacement for, traditional preclinical cell cultures, animal studies, and even human clinical trials. This paper first outlines the nature of OCs and their significance, and then details their manufacturing-related materials and methodology. It also discusses applications of OCs in drug screening and disease modelling and treatment, and presents the future perspective of OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an 82 Hospital, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Guozhong Lyu
- Burn & Trauma Treatment Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
- National Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Beijing 100000, China
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Bezerra LFG, Silva APSD, Cunha RXD, Oliveira JRSD, Barros MDD, Silva VMDMAD, Lima VLDM. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Mimosa acutistipula (Mart.) Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115964. [PMID: 36436717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants belonging to the genus Mimosa, such as Mimosa tenuiflora, M. caesalpinifolia, and M. verrucosa are known for their popular use for asthma, bronchitis and fever. Ethnopharmacological studies report that Mimosa acutistipula is used to treat alopecia and pharyngitis, conditions that can be related to oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and painful limitations. However, there is no studies on its efficacy and mechanism of action. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of M. acutistipula leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical profile of M. acutistipula extracts was evaluated by several reaction-specific methods. Secondary metabolites such as tannins, phenols and flavonoids were quantified with colorimetric assays. In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS + as free radical scavenging tests, FRAP and phosphomolybdenum as oxide-reduction assays, and anti-hemolytic for lipid peroxidation evaluation. In vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation was performed by paw edema, and peritonitis induced by carrageenan. Analgesic effect and its possible mechanisms were determined by acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and the formalin test. Antipyretic activity was evaluated by yeast-induced fever. RESULTS Cyclohexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves had presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, terpenes (except methanolic extract), and saponins (only for methanolic and chloroformic extracts). In phenols, flavonoids and tannins quantification, methanolic and ethyl acetate extract had higher amounts of this phytocompounds. Ethyl acetate extract, due to its more expressive quantity of phenols and flavonoids, was chosen for carrying out the in vivo tests. Due to the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation, antioxidant tests were performed, showing that ethyl acetate extract had a high total antioxidant activity (70.18%), moderate activity in DPPH radical scavenging, and a moderate ABTS + radical inhibition (33.61%), and FRAP assay (112.32 μg Fe2+/g). M. acutistipula showed anti-inflammatory activity, with 54.43% of reduction in paw edema (50 mg/kg) when compared to the vehicle. In peritonitis test, a reduction in the concentration of NO could be seen, which is highly involved in the anti-inflammatory activity and is responsible for the increase in permeability. In the analgesic evaluation, most significant results in writhing test were seen at 100 mg/kg, with a 34.7% reduction of writhing. A dual mechanism of action was confirmed with the formalin test, both neurogenic and inflammatory pain were reduced, with a mechanism via opioid route. In the antipyretic test, results were significantly decreased at all concentrations tested. CONCLUSION M. acutistipula leaves ethyl acetate extract showed expressive concentrations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. It also exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, besides its antipyretic effect. Thus, these results provide information regarding its popular use and might help future therapeutics involving this specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layza Fernanda Gomes Bezerra
- Laboratory of Lipids and Applications of Biomolecules in Prevalent and Neglected Diseases, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-90, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sant'Anna da Silva
- Laboratory of Lipids and Applications of Biomolecules in Prevalent and Neglected Diseases, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-90, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Xavier da Cunha
- Laboratory of Lipids and Applications of Biomolecules in Prevalent and Neglected Diseases, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-90, Brazil
| | - João Ricardhis Saturnino de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Lipids and Applications of Biomolecules in Prevalent and Neglected Diseases, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-90, Brazil
| | - Mateus Domingues de Barros
- Laboratory of Lipids and Applications of Biomolecules in Prevalent and Neglected Diseases, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-90, Brazil
| | - Vycttor Mateus de Melo Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Lipids and Applications of Biomolecules in Prevalent and Neglected Diseases, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-90, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Laboratory of Lipids and Applications of Biomolecules in Prevalent and Neglected Diseases, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue 1235, Recife, PE, 50670-90, Brazil.
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Song H, Zhao XB, Chu QS, Zhang J, Gao L, Liao XH. Expression dynamics of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 in terminal Schwann cells, dermal papilla, and interfollicular epidermis. Dev Dyn 2022; 252:527-535. [PMID: 36576725 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) is a downstream mediator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It is expressed in dermal papilla and surrounding cells in the hair follicle, promoting cell proliferation, and differentiation. RESULTS Here, we report that LEF1 is also expressed all through the hair cycle in the terminal Schwann cells (TSCs), a component of the lanceolate complex located at the isthmus. The timing of LEF1 appearance at the isthmus coincides with that of hair follicle innervation. LEF1 is not found at the isthmus in the aberrant hair follicles in nude mice. Instead, LEF1 in TSCs is found in the de novo hair follicles reconstituted on nude mice by stem cells chamber graft assay. Cutaneous denervation experiment demonstrates that the LEF1 expression in TSCs is independent of nerve endings. At last, LEF1 expression in the interfollicular epidermis during the early stage of skin development is significantly suppressed in transgenic mice with T-cell factor 3 (TCF3) overexpression. CONCLUSION We reveal the expression dynamics of LEF1 in skin during development and hair cycle. LEF1 expression in TSCs indicates that the LEF1/Wnt signal might help to establish a niche at the isthmus region for the lanceolate complex, the bulge stem cells and other neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Song
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Bo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Song Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Chai Y, Liu Z, Fu S, Liu B, Guo L, Dai L, Sun Y, Zhang W, Li C, Liu T. Effects of exogenous melatonin on expressional differences of immune-related genes in cashmere goats. Front Genet 2022; 13:967402. [PMID: 36353099 PMCID: PMC9638969 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.967402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between melatonin and immune system is well recognized in humans. The true integration of research on cashmere goat is still far from clear, especially for cashmere goat maintained in wool and cashmere growth. In this study, we applied various approaches to identify the complex regulated network between the immune-related genes and transcription factors (TFs) and to explore the relationship between melatonin and gene expression in cashmere goats. In total, 1,599 and 1756 immune-related genes were found in the blood and skin of cashmere goats, respectively, and 24 differentially expressed immune-related GO terms were highly expressed in blood after melatonin implantation. We studied the melatonin-dependent networks between the TFs and immune-related genes in cashmere goat. The 3 major regulatory networks were interconnected through TFs. The TFs, such as PHF5A, REXO4, STRAP, JUNB, GATAD2A, ZNF710, and VDR, were also expressed in the blood and skin tissue of cashmere goat. In addition, most genes in these networks, such as VDR, JUNB, and Trib3, were involved in WNT pathway, which is related to cashmere wool growth regulation. On the network basis, we developed a knockout mouse model to identify the network interaction. We observed that 8 high-sulfur protein genes, 12 keratin (KRT) genes, and 19 keratin associated protein (KRTAP) genes related to the growth of cashmere wool were almost not expressed in Trib3−/− rat skin. Our results suggested that the expression of genes related to wool and cashmere growth may be regulated by the interaction network between genes affected by melatonin and immune-related genes. In summary, we outlined some particularly promising ways for future research on immune-related genes of cashmere goats and the role of melatonin in wool and cashmere growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chai
- College of Agronomy, Animal Husbandry and Bioengineering, Xing’an Vocational and Technical College, Ulanhot, China
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zaixia Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, China
| | - Shaoyin Fu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, China
- Institute of ATCG, Nei Mongol Bio-Information, Hohhot, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Nei Mongol BioNew Technology Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lingli Dai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Zhang, ; Chun Li, ; Taodi Liu,
| | - Chun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Zhang, ; Chun Li, ; Taodi Liu,
| | - Taodi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Zhang, ; Chun Li, ; Taodi Liu,
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10
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Gentile P. Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium Related to COVID-19: The Potential Implication of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma as Regenerative Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169116. [PMID: 36012383 PMCID: PMC9409133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased the incidence of several dermatological disorders, including hair loss (HL). This article aims to review the literature regarding the incidence of HL and telogen effluvium (TE) in COVID-19 patients and critically appraise the available evidence regarding the role of regenerative strategies like Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Human Follicle Stem Cells (HFSCs). A literature review regarding the correlation of HL and TE in COVID-19 patients analyzing the biomolecular pathway involved and the role of regenerative strategies was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases. Observational studies revealed an escalated incidence of pattern HL and TE in COVID-19 patients. Psychological stress, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress are potential culprits. Proinflammatory cytokines and stress hormones negatively affect the normal metabolism of proteoglycans. Reduced anagenic expression of proteoglycans is a potential mediating mechanism that connects HL to COVID-19. Currently, only one study has been published on PRP against HL in COVID-19 patients. Further controlled trials are required to confirm PRP and HFSCs efficacy in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Science, "Tor Vergata" University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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11
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Andjelkov K, Eremin II, Korac A. Different levels of EGF, VEGF, IL-6, MCP-1, MCP-3, IP-10, Eotaxin and MIP-1α in the adipose-derived stem cell secretome in androgenetic alopecia. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:936-942. [PMID: 35226772 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hair folliculogenesis and hair growth mediated by the secretory properties of white adipocytes may pave the way for the adipose-derived (AD) regenerative therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Quantitative and qualitative secretome profiling of AD stem cells (ADSCs) from different zones of hair growth in patients with AGA were analysed. 1mm punch samples of adipose tissue associated with hair follicles, of three scalp areas (balding, non-balding and transition zone) and one periumbilical sample, were used for ADCS isolation. The ADCS secretome was analysed in conditioned media using a 41plex assay. Among the thirty-five signalling proteins analysed, the levels of VEGF, EGF, IL-6, Eotaxin, MCP-3, IFNγ-inducible Protein-10 and MIP-1α were higher in the balding zone compared with the non-balding and periumbilical zones. In contrast, MCP-1 was lowest in the balding zone in comparison to the other zones. The observed differences in the secretome suggest crosstalk between angiogenic and inflammatory processes underlying AGA etiology and may prove relevant in both the diagnosis of AGA and the application of ADSC secretome for AGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Andjelkov
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine and BelPrime Clinic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilya I Eremin
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Developmental Pathology FSBSI, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Chen J, Zheng Y, Hu C, Jin X, Chen X, Xiao Y, Wang C. Hair Graying Regulators Beyond Hair Follicle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:839859. [PMID: 35283766 PMCID: PMC8908028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.839859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair graying is an interesting physiological alteration associated with aging and certain diseases. The occurrence is due to depigmentation of the hair caused by depletion and dysfunction of melanocyte stem cells (MeSCs). However, what causes the depletion and dysfunction of MeSCs remains unclear. MeSCs reside in the hair follicle bulge which provides the appropriate niche for the homeostasis of various stem cells within hair follicle including MeSCs. In addition to local signaling from the cells composed of hair follicle, emerging evidences have shown that nerves, adipocytes and immune cells outside of hair follicle per se also play important roles in the regulation of MeSCs. Here, we review the recent studies on different cells in the MeSCs microenvironment beyond the hair follicle per se, discuss their function in regulating hair graying and potentially novel treatments of hair graying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University – University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Zhejiang University – University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Chen Hu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexiao Jin
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Rheumatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Rheumatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Ying Xiao,
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University – University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- *Correspondence: Chaochen Wang,
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13
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Xiong J, Wu B, Hou Q, Huang X, Jia L, Li Y, Jiang H. Comprehensive Analysis of LncRNA AC010789.1 Delays Androgenic Alopecia Progression by Targeting MicroRNA-21 and the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Hair Follicle Stem Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:782750. [PMID: 35242164 PMCID: PMC8886141 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.782750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Androgen alopecia (AGA), the most common type of alopecia worldwide, has become an important medical and social issue. Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of various human diseases, including AGA. However, the potential roles of lncRNAs in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and their subsequent relevance for AGA have not been fully elucidated. The current study aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanism of the lncRNA AC010789.1 in AGA progression. Methods: We investigated the expression levels of AC010789.1 in AGA scalp tissues compared with that in normal tissues and explored the underlying mechanisms using bioinformatics. HFSCs were then isolated from hair follicles of patients with AGA, and an AC010789.1-overexpressing HFSC line was produced and verified. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to verify the molecular mechanisms involved. Results: AC010789.1 overexpression promoted the proliferation and differentiation of HFSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that AC010789.1 overexpression promotes the biological function of HFSCs by downregulating miR-21-5p and TGF-β1 expression but upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion: These results reveal that overexpression of AC010789.1 suppresses AGA progression via downregulation of hsa-miR-21-5p and TGF-β1 and promotion of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, highlighting a potentially promising strategy for AGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Jia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yufei Li, ; Hua Jiang,
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yufei Li, ; Hua Jiang,
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14
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Rutnin S, Chanprapaph K, Pakornphadungsit K, Leerunyakul K, Visessiri Y, Srisont S, Suchonwanit P. Variation of Hair Follicle Counts among Different Scalp Areas: A Quantitative Histopathological Study. Skin Appendage Disord 2022; 8:24-30. [PMID: 35118125 PMCID: PMC8787532 DOI: 10.1159/000518434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scalp biopsy is a standard method for the definitive diagnosis of alopecia. The hair count parameters of each scalp area remain unclear. This study aimed to determine hair count values at different scalp locations from histopathology and to establish reference values for each part of the scalp. METHODS We obtained biopsy specimens from the frontal, vertex, temporoparietal, and occipital areas of the scalps of normal deceased subjects. All specimens were evaluated for the number of follicular units, hair counts, hair types, and stages of the hair cycle. RESULTS In total, 240 specimens were collected from 60 cadavers. Across all scalp sites, the temporoparietal area showed the lowest mean hair count, number of follicular units, terminal and vellus hairs, and terminal-to-vellus hair ratio. The average anagen-to-telogen hair ratio was comparable across all scalp sites. This study did not observe a significant association of hair parameters with gender differences or increasing age in all scalp areas. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the diversity of the hair index among different scalp areas and suggested that normal hair count values should be separately standardized on each scalp region. Our findings may provide useful reference values for the histopathological evaluation of hair disorders in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthinee Rutnin
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kumutnart Chanprapaph
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kallapan Pakornphadungsit
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Leerunyakul
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yingluck Visessiri
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Smith Srisont
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,*Poonkiat Suchonwanit,
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15
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Limbu SL, Purba TS, Harries M, Wikramanayake TC, Miteva M, Bhogal RK, O'Neill CA, Paus R. A folliculocentric perspective of dandruff pathogenesis: Could a troublesome condition be caused by changes to a natural secretory mechanism? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100005. [PMID: 34486144 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dandruff is a common scalp condition, which frequently causes psychological distress in those affected. Dandruff is considered to be caused by an interplay of several factors. However, the pathogenesis of dandruff remains under-investigated, especially with respect to the contribution of the hair follicle. As the hair follicle exhibits unique immune-modulatory properties, including the creation of an immunoinhibitory, immune-privileged milieu, we propose a novel hypothesis taking into account the role of the hair follicle. We hypothesize that the changes and imbalance of yeast and bacterial species, along with increasing proinflammatory sebum by-products, leads to the activation of immune response and inflammation. Hair follicle keratinocytes may then detect these changes in scalp microbiota resulting in the recruitment of leukocytes to the inflammation site. These changes in the scalp skin immune-microenvironment may impact hair follicle immune privilege status, which opens new avenues into exploring the role of the hair follicle in dandruff pathogenesis. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/mEZEznCYtNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Limbu
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Talveen S Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ranjit K Bhogal
- Unilever R&D Colworth, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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16
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Johnston DGW, Kirby B, Tobin DJ. Hidradenitis suppurativa: A folliculotropic disease of innate immune barrier dysfunction? Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1554-1568. [PMID: 34418166 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system of human skin consists of a multi-layered barrier consisting of cells and soluble effector molecules charged with maintaining homeostasis and responding to insults and infections. It has become increasingly clear that these barrier layers become compromised in skin diseases, especially in disorders of an (auto)inflammatory nature. In the case of hidradenitis suppurativa, great strides have been made in recent years in characterizing the underlying breakdown in homeostatic innate immunity, including an increasing understanding of the central role of the hair follicle in this process. This breakdown appears to occur at multiple levels: the pilosebaceous unit, associated epithelium, the cutaneous microbiome, alteration of immune cell function and local molecular events such as complement activation. This review seeks to summarize, contextualize and analyse critically our current understanding of how these innate immune barriers become dysregulated in the early stage(s) of hidradenitis suppurativa, and to speculate on where potential hidradenitis suppurativa research could be most fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G W Johnston
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Kirby
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Charles Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Hu S, Li C, Wu D, Huo H, Bai H, Wu J. The Dynamic Change of Gene-Regulated Networks in Cashmere Goat Skin with Seasonal Variation. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:527-542. [PMID: 34304316 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is renowned for its high-quality fiber production trait. The hair cycle in Cashmere goat has an annual rhythm. To deepen the understanding of the molecular foundation of annual rhythm in the skin of Cashmere goat, we did a comparative analysis of the Cashmere goat skin transcriptome all year round. 4002 Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with seasonal variations. 12 months transcriptome were divided into four developmental stages: Jan-Mar, Apr-Jul, Aug-Oct, and Nov-Dec based on gene expression patterns. 13 modules of highly correlated genes in skin were identified using WGCNA. Ten of these modules were consistent with the development stages. The gene function of those genes in each module was analyzed by functional enrichment. The results indicated that Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways were inhibited from January to March and activated from April to July. The cutaneous immune system of Cashmere goats has high activity from August to October. Fatty acid metabolism dominates goat skin from November to December. This study provides new information related to the annual skin development cycle, which could provide molecular biological significance for understanding the seasonal development and response to the annual rhythm of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Hu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Institute of Resource Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Dubala Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Hongyan Huo
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Haihua Bai
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technical Research Center for Personalized Medicine, Tongliao, 028000, China
- Institute of Resource Biology and Ecology, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Jianghong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China.
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China.
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18
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Li KN, Tumbar T. Hair follicle stem cells as a skin-organizing signaling center during adult homeostasis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107135. [PMID: 33880808 PMCID: PMC8167365 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are the essential source of building blocks for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Their behavior is dictated by both cell-intrinsic cues and extrinsic cues from the microenvironment, known as the stem cell niche. Interestingly, recent work began to demonstrate that hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are not only passive recipients of signals from the surroundings, but also actively send out signals to modulate the organization and function of their own niches. Here, we discuss recent findings, and briefly refer to the old, on the interaction of HFSCs and their niches with the emphasis on the outwards signals from HFSCs toward their niches. We also highlight recent technology advancements that further promote our understanding of HFSC niches. Taken together, the HFSCs emerge as a skin-organizing center rich in signaling output for niche remodeling during various stages of adult skin homeostasis. The intricate crosstalk between HFSCs and their niches adds important insight to skin biology that will inform clinical and bioengineering fields aiming to build complete and functional 3D organotypic cultures for skin replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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19
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Correa-Gallegos D, Jiang D, Rinkevich Y. Fibroblasts as confederates of the immune system. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:147-162. [PMID: 34036608 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic stromal cells are as diverse, in origin and function, as the niches they fashion in the mammalian body. This cellular variety impacts the spectrum of responses elicited by the immune system. Fibroblast influence on the immune system keeps evolving our perspective on fibroblast roles and functions beyond just a passive structural part of organs. This review discusses the foundations of fibroblastic stromal-immune crosstalk, under the scope of stromal heterogeneity as a basis for tissue-specific tutoring of the immune system. Focusing on the skin as a relevant immunological organ, we detail the complex interactions between distinct fibroblast populations and immune cells that occur during homeostasis, injury repair, scarring, and disease. We further review the relevance of fibroblastic stromal cell heterogeneity and how this heterogeneity is central to regulate the immune system from its inception during embryonic development into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Correa-Gallegos
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dongsheng Jiang
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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20
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Hawkshaw NJ, Paus R. Beyond the NFAT Horizon: From Cyclosporine A-Induced Adverse Skin Effects to Novel Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:316-328. [PMID: 33752908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immunophilin ligand, cyclosporine A (CsA), which inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity, is a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy. Yet, the molecular basis of its prominent, nonimmunosuppression-related adverse skin effects, namely drug-induced excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis), is insufficiently understood. Here, we argue that analysis of these adverse effects can uncover clinically important, previously unknown mechanisms of CsA and identify new molecular targets and lead compounds for therapeutic intervention. We exemplify this through our recent discovery that CsA suppresses the potent Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP)1, in human hair follicles, thereby promoting hair growth and causing hypertrichosis. On this basis, we advocate a new focus on deciphering the molecular basis of the adverse effects of CsA in suitable human model systems as a lead to developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK; Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.
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21
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Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Higgins C, Sharpe P, Celiz A. Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100107. [PMID: 33889838 PMCID: PMC8050778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary research field aiming at the regeneration, restoration, or replacement of damaged tissues and organs. Classical TE approaches combine scaffolds, cells and soluble factors to fabricate constructs mimicking the native tissue to be regenerated. However, to date, limited success in clinical translations has been achieved by classical TE approaches, because of the lack of satisfactory biomorphological and biofunctional features of the obtained constructs. Developmental TE has emerged as a novel TE paradigm to obtain tissues and organs with correct biomorphology and biofunctionality by mimicking the morphogenetic processes leading to the tissue/organ generation in the embryo. Ectodermal appendages, for instance, develop in vivo by sequential interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme, in a process known as secondary induction. A fine artificial replication of these complex interactions can potentially lead to the fabrication of the tissues/organs to be regenerated. Successful developmental TE applications have been reported, in vitro and in vivo, for ectodermal appendages such as teeth, hair follicles and glands. Developmental TE strategies require an accurate selection of cell sources, scaffolds and cell culture configurations to allow for the correct replication of the in vivo morphogenetic cues. Herein, we describe and discuss the emergence of this TE paradigm by reviewing the achievements obtained so far in developmental TE 3D scaffolds for teeth, hair follicles, and salivary and lacrimal glands, with particular focus on the selection of biomaterials and cell culture configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C.A. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P.T. Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A.D. Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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22
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Atwood SX, Plikus MV. Fostering a healthy culture: Biological relevance of in vitro and ex vivo skin models. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:298-303. [PMID: 33565670 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott X Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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23
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Dermal Adipose Tissue Secretes HGF to Promote Human Hair Growth and Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1633-1645.e13. [PMID: 33493531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are immersed within dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT), yet human adipocyte‒HF communication remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated how perifollicular adipocytes affect the physiology of human anagen scalp HFs. Quantitative immunohistomorphometry, X-ray microcomputed tomography, and transmission electron microscopy showed that the number and size of perifollicular adipocytes declined during anagen‒catagen transition, whereas fluorescence-lifetime imaging revealed increased lipid oxidation in adipocytes surrounding the bulge and/or sub-bulge region. Ex vivo, dWAT tendentially promoted hair shaft production, and significantly stimulated hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and HF pigmentation. Both dWAT pericytes and PREF1/DLK1+ adipocyte progenitors secreted HGF during human HF‒dWAT co-culture, for which the c-Met receptor was expressed in the hair matrix and dermal papilla. These effects were reproduced using recombinant HGF and abrogated by an HGF-neutralizing antibody. Laser-capture microdissection‒based microarray analysis of the hair matrix showed that dWAT-derived HGF upregulated keratin (K) genes (K27, K73, K75, K84, K86) and TCHH. Mechanistically, HGF stimulated Wnt/β-catenin activity in the human hair matrix (increased AXIN2, LEF1) by upregulating WNT6 and WNT10B, and inhibiting SFRP1 in the dermal papilla. Our study demonstrates that dWAT regulates human hair growth and pigmentation through HGF secretion, and thus identifies dWAT and HGF as important novel molecular and cellular targets for therapeutic intervention in human hair growth and pigmentation disorders.
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24
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Paus R. Shining a (blue) light on hair follicle chronobiology and photobiomodulation. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:189-192. [PMID: 33433942 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Paus
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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25
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Morgun EI, Vorotelyak EA. Epidermal Stem Cells in Hair Follicle Cycling and Skin Regeneration: A View From the Perspective of Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581697. [PMID: 33240882 PMCID: PMC7680886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many studies devoted to the role of hair follicle stem cells in wound healing as well as in follicle self-restoration. At the same time, the influence of the inflammatory cells on the hair follicle cycling in both injured and intact skin is well established. Immune cells of all wound healing stages, including macrophages, γδT cells, and T regs, may activate epidermal stem cells to provide re-epithelization and wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis. In addition to the ability of epidermal cells to maintain epidermal morphogenesis through differentiation program, they can undergo de-differentiation and acquire stem features under the influence of inflammatory milieu. Simultaneously, a stem cell compartment may undergo re-programming to adopt another fate. The proportion of skin resident immune cells and wound-attracted inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages) in wound-induced hair follicle anagen and plucking-induced anagen is still under discussion to date. Experimental data suggesting the role of reactive oxygen species and prostaglandins, which are uncharacteristic of the intact skin, in the hair follicle cycling indicates the role of neutrophils in injury-induced conditions. In this review, we discuss some of the hair follicles stem cell activities, such as wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis, hair follicle cycling, and re-epithelization, through the prism of inflammation. The plasticity of epidermal stem cells under the influence of inflammatory microenvironment is considered. The relationship between inflammation, scarring, and follicle neogenesis as an indicator of complete wound healing is also highlighted. Taking into consideration the available data, we also conclude that there may exist a presumptive interlink between the stem cell activation, inflammation and the components of programmed cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I. Morgun
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hochfeld LM, Henne SK, Nöthen MM. Hormonal regulation in male androgenetic alopecia-Sex hormones and beyond: Evidence from recent genetic studies. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:814-827. [PMID: 32946134 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Male-pattern hair loss, also termed androgenetic alopecia (AGA), is a highly prevalent age-related condition that is characterized by a distinct pattern of hair loss from the frontotemporal and vertex regions of the scalp. The phenotype is highly heritable and hormone dependent, with androgens being the recognized critical hormonal factor. Numerous molecular genetic studies have focused on genetic variation in and around the gene that encodes the androgen receptor. More recently, however, the availability of high-throughput molecular genetic methods, novel methods of data analysis and sufficiently large sample sizes have rendered possible the systematic investigation of the contribution of other components of the androgen receptor pathway or hormonal pathways beyond the androgen receptor signalling pathways. Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies of increasingly large cohorts have enabled the genome-wide identification of genetic risk factors for AGA, and yielded unprecedented insights into the underlying pathobiology. The present review discusses some of the most intriguing genetic findings on the relevance of (sex)hormonal signalling in AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lara M Hochfeld
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabrina K Henne
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. McElwee
- Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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