An Auto-Ethnographic Study of "Open Dialogue": The Illumination of Snow

Effects of snow cover on urban light climate environment in the high latitudes of northeast China

Light climate environment (LCE) has a significant impact on human health, behavioral characteristics, and the safety of life and property due to the high albedo of snow on the ground cover type, which in turn affects the regional climate and socio-economic development, but less relevant studies have been found. In this study, the effect of snow on daytime and nighttime light levels was quantified using comparative field observations and controlled experiments in artificial climate chambers, combined with analysis of variance and model fitting. The results of the study found that there was a significant difference between the presence and absence of snow on both daytime and nighttime light levels. During daytime, the ambient light level on the ground with snow is 5.68 times higher than without snow, an improvement of 12,711.06 Lux. At night, with moonlight, the nighttime illuminance with and without snow is 0.213 Lux and 0.01 Lux, respectively. When there is no moonlight, the snow has no significant effect on the light level. In addition, significant differences in LCE intensity with different snow depths, snow densities and black carbon (BC) pollution. At the same background light intensity, the LCE intensity varies significantly with increasing snow depth, snow density and BC pollution. The results reveals the quantitative impact of snow on LCE, providing scientific support for regional natural light energy use, human health and safety, urban environmental management and economic development.

The contribution of anthropology to the study of Open Dialogue: ethnographic research methods and opportunities

When Open Dialogue diversifies internationally as an approach to mental healthcare, so too do the research methodologies used to describe, explain and evaluate this alternative to existing psychiatric services. This article considers the contribution of anthropology and its core method of ethnography among these approaches. It reviews the methodological opportunities in mental health research opened up by anthropology, and specifically the detailed knowledge about clinical processes and institutional contexts. Such knowledge is important in order to generalize innovations in practice by identifying contextual factors necessary to implementation that are unknowable in advance. The article explains the ethnographic mode of investigation, exploring this in more detail with an account of the method of one anthropological study under way in the UK focused on Peer-Supported Open Dialogue (POD) in the National Health Service (NHS). It sets out the objectives, design and scope of this research study, the varied roles of researchers, the sites of field research and the specific interaction between ethnography and Open Dialogue. This study is original in its design, context, conduct and the kind of data produced, and presents both opportunities and challenges. These are explained in order to raise issues of method that are of wider relevance to Open Dialogue research and anthropology.

Colonised minds and community psychology in the academy: Collaborative autoethnographic reflections

We reflect on decolonization and in particular the process of decolonizing our own minds. We discuss the need for radical decolonization of psychology and for critique of community psychology's relationship to both psychology and the Academy, noting ways in which community psychology itself becomes appropriated for the colonizing project of the Academy. Using collaborative autoethnography (CAE), a method that involves "collaborative poetics," which chimes with the emphasis on participatory research in community psychology and the decolonialist emphasis on rescuing repressed epistemologies, we review our own careers and identify ways in which our values have been compromised and our work assimilated into wider colonizing and oppressive practices that sustain the modern university. We conclude that community psychology can only decolonize if it is positioned in an agonistic relationship to mainstream psychology and exists as a radical, explicitly political, and ethical practice outside the Academy. The message of the decolonization and disalienation movements is that the biggest barrier to our effectiveness, and to social justice, is the fascism of our minds. Succumbing to the power and privilege embedded in the Academy and the oppressive and colonizing practices that sustain it conflicts with community psychology's purported values.

Diálogo aberto: pontos críticos da implementação no cuidado à crise psicótica

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os pontos críticos para a implementação da abordagem do diálogo aberto na atenção à crise psicótica. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, utilizando os formulários preenchidos por profissionais de saúde mental que participaram de um seminário sobre a temática, realizado por Jaakko Seikkula em 2015, na Itália. Foram analisados 83 formulários com questões abertas autoaplicadas para detectar o perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes, convidando-os a indicar os pontos críticos da implementação do diálogo aberto. Os resultados foram organizados a partir dos sete princípios da abordagem e analisados segundo o conceito weberiano de tipo ideal de criticidade, sendo dispostos em dois tipos ideais: o organizacional e o cultural. Na percepção dos participantes a transferência dessa modalidade terapêutica para a Itália não parece livre de obstáculos. Os princípios de maior preocupação entre os profissionais enfermeiros e médicos foram: ajuda imediata, rede social, flexibilidade e mobilidade. Diante disso, reflete-se sobre os impasses perante a necessidade de mudar concepções, organizações, saberes e práticas de cuidado em saúde mental comunitária no contexto da desinstitucionalização.

[Open Dialogue and the Challenges for its Implementation - an analysis based on a review of the literature]

METHOD

The Open Dialogue Method was developed in Finland in order to deal with severe psychotic crises using dialogue and social network inclusion. By means of a review of the literature on the Open Dialogue Method, this article sought to identify the principles and contributions for deinstitutionalization.The PubMed (365), PsycInfo (134), Lilacs (no articles found) databases and 2 books were consulted. Thirty-four publications that fulfilled the requirements of this review were selected. The search was conducted in October 2015. The key words used were: open dialogue, crisis, first psychotic episode, schizophrenia, family therapy, need-adapted approach.

RESULTS

There were 3 reviews, 5 theoretical studies, 21 qualitative studies and 5 quantitative studies. Two of them were written in Italian, one in French and thirty-one in English. The authors were from Norway, the United States, Finland, Australia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Canada and Poland. The publications were grouped for purposes of analysis into the following categories: Open Dialogue concepts and principles; Open Dialogue contributions; Challenges for Open Dialogue implementation in other countries, realities and contexts.

Diálogo Aberto: a experiência finlandesa e suas contribuições

RESUMO O Diálogo Aberto é um método desenvolvido na década de 1980, na Finlândia, para o enfrentamento da crise psicótica. Este artigo é um ensaio teórico que tem como objetivo apresentar o Diálogo Aberto em seus princípios e enquanto prática de saúde mental desinstitucionalizante, enfatizando seu potencial terapêutico, seus resultados e suas contribuições para outros países. Conclui-se que, para a implementação do Diálogo Aberto em outros contextos, é necessária uma mudança organizativa na estruturação dos serviços e uma substantiva mudança cultural no interior da equipe e da comunidade.