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Padilla-Muñoz EM, Barbancho-Morant MM, Lanzarote-Fernández MD, Sanduvete-Chaves S, Chacón-Moscoso S. Psycho-emotional intervention with parents of very preterm babies during the first year: A single-arm pilot study. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38659149 DOI: 10.1111/famp.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Studies of intervention programs that aim to improve the emotional state of parents of children admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are scarce in Spain. The aims of this single-arm pilot study are to get to know the emotional profile of parents of high-risk preterm newborns, and to explore parents' patterns of emotional well-being before and after a psychological program called the Parental Empowerment Program, to increase parental readiness levels. The sample was made up of 100 parents (50 couples) who participated in the program. Measurements were taken of post-traumatic stress, depression, and resilience at 1 month and 12 months. Repeated measurements and dyadic data analyses were performed. One month after the birth of the baby and prior to the start of the program, mothers show more symptoms of stress and depression than fathers. After the intervention, both parents experienced improvements in their mood levels. The evidence obtained seems to show that high resilience levels and low post-traumatic stress symptoms are associated with reduced depression levels after implementing the program. However, the heterogeneity of the responses obtained, the observed associations between stress, resilience, and maternal depression, along with the reciprocal influence between maternal and paternal depression 1 year after the intervention, highlight the need for a more in-depth exploration of the interplay between risk and protective factors in this population. Despite the identified potential threats to validity, further work in this direction is recommended, including the implementation of clinical trials to demonstrate intervention efficacy. The adaptation of the parents' mutual emotional adjustment at each stage would allow them to participate more actively in the baby's care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Salvador Chacón-Moscoso
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Rodríguez-González M, Bell CA, Pereyra SB, Martínez-Díaz MP, Schweer-Collins M, Bean RA. Differentiation of self and relationship attachment, quality, and stability: A path analysis of dyadic and longitudinal data from Spanish and U.S. couples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282482. [PMID: 36862686 PMCID: PMC9980780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the current study, we examined the relationship between differentiation of self (DoS) and key relationship functioning variables among couples. This is the first study to test such relationships using a cross-cultural longitudinal approach (i.e., samples from Spain and the U.S.) while controlling for stressful life events-a key theoretical construct in Bowen Family Systems Theory. METHODS A sample of 958 individuals (n = 137 couples from Spain, and n = 342 couples from U.S.) was used in cross sectional and longitudinal models to analyze the effects of a shared reality construct of DoS on anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, relationship stability, and relationship quality while considering gender and culture. RESULTS Our cross-sectional results indicated that men and women from both cultures experienced an increase in DoS over time. DoS predicted increased relationship quality and stability and decreased anxious and avoidant attachment in U.S. participants. Longitudinally, DoS predicted increased relationship quality and decreased anxious attachment for Spanish women and men, while it predicted greater relationship quality and stability and decreased anxious and avoidant attachment of U.S. couples. Implications of these mixed findings are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of DoS are linked with a better couple relationship across time, despite varying levels of stressful life events. Although some cultural differences regarding the links between relationship stability and avoidant attachment exist, this positive link between differentiation and the couple relationship is mostly consistent across the U.S. and Spain. The implications and relevance for integration into research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chance A. Bell
- Department of Counseling, School Psychology, and Family Science, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States of America
| | - Sergio B. Pereyra
- Department of Counselor Education and Rehabilitation, California State University, Sacramento, CA, United States of America
| | - María Pilar Martínez-Díaz
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Schweer-Collins
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Roy A. Bean
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States of America
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Busonera A, Lampis J, Cataudella S. Starting University at the Time of COVID-19: Psychoemotional Adjustment of a Group of Italian Students. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37361378 PMCID: PMC9975844 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-023-09444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The transition from school to university typically occurs during emerging adulthood; this coming together of multiple challenging development tasks at the same time may be stressful for some students. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and above all the health measures implemented to deal with it, may have been an additional factor contributing to the difficult adaptation of first-year students to academic life. This study evaluated the role played by emotional processing and differentiation of self for psychological well-being in a sample of 218 Italian students (78.4% women) who began their 1st year of college during the pandemic. The results showed that higher levels of differentiation of self, combined with fewer signs of unprocessed emotions, predicted lower psychological distress. The data support the importance of these variables as protective factors in promoting psychological well-being along with the transition to adulthood and adaptation to new life challenges. These findings draw attention to the relevance of support services aimed at university students and of emerging adults in general in considering and promoting the role of self-differentiation and the style of emotional processing for addressing well-being and mental health during the transition to adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Busonera
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jessica Lampis
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cataudella
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Nisanci Z, Nisanci A. Between-Reporter Agreement Among Couples: Exploring Nonlinear Patterns in Marital Conflict. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP16-NP36. [PMID: 36062728 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study compares self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies of various types of behaviors couples use in marital conflict using data from Turkish Family Structure Survey (2016), which included 9,636 couples. Existing literature reported low levels of agreement among couples. These studies measured between-reporter agreement levels among couples with linear models which report cumulative scores. However, we hypothesized that low levels of agreement reported in the literature might be due to nonlinear patterns in the self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies. To detect such nonlinear patterns, we compared self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies for each level (frequency) of using the types of conflict behavior styles we investigated. This allowed us to explore the patterns of agreement or disagreement at the low, medium, or high levels of using these conflict style behaviors. Findings of this study confirmed our hypothesizes. There are meaningful nonlinear patterns that are not detectable with cumulative comparative scores. There are also differences in these patterns across the types of conflict behaviors we looked at. For example, the nonlinear patterns we observed for aggressive conflict behavior types are different from the patterns for passive conflict behavior types. We also found that these patterns are different for husbands and wives. This paper highlights the limited capacity of linear models for exploring between-reporter agreement levels and it calls for the consideration of using nonlinear methods for these types of systematic investigation. The major limitation is the lack of analysis on the effect of sociodemographic factors on the observed discrepancies other than gender.
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BİLGE Y, SEZGİN E, ERSAL H. Bağlanma Stilleri ve Sosyal Fobi Arasındaki İlişkide Kişilerarası İlişkiler ve Benliğin Ayrımlaşmasının Aracı Rolü. YAŞAM BECERILERI PSIKOLOJI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.31461/ybpd.1199871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal fobi, bağlanma stilleri, kişilerarası ilişkiler ve benliğin ayrımlaşması arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi ve bağlanma stilleri ile sosyal fobi arasındaki ilişkide kişilerarası ilişkiler ve benliğin ayrımlaşmasının aracı rolünün belirlenmesidir. İstanbul ilinde yapılan araştırmaya, 18-70 yaş aralığında (30.60±11.66) olan 197 (%62.7) kadın ve 117 (%37.3) erkek olmak üzere toplam 314 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Liebowitz Sosyal Fobi Ölçeği, Kişilerarası İlişki Boyutları Ölçeği, İlişki Ölçekleri Anketi ve Benliğin Ayrımlaşması Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Paralel aracılık rolleri Hayes’in PROCESS makro eklentisiyle Bootstrap yöntemi temel alınarak test edilmiştir Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre değişkenler arasında zayıf ve orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Aracılık analizi bulguları ise güvenli bağlanma ve sosyal fobi-kaygı arasındaki ilişkide onay bağımlılığı, başkalarına güven ve duygusal tepkiselliğin paralel aracılık etkisinin olduğu; güvenli bağlanma ve sosyal fobi-kaçınma arasındaki ilişkide onay bağımlılığı ve başkalarına güvenin paralel aracılık etkisi olduğu; kayıtsız bağlanma ve sosyal fobi-kaygı ve kaçınma arasındaki ilişkide başkalarına güven ve duygusal tepkiselliğin paralel aracılık etkisi olduğu; korkulu bağlanma ve sosyal fobi-kaygı ve kaçınma arasındaki ilişkide onay bağımlılığı ve başkalarına güvenin paralel aracılık etkisinin olduğu; saplantılı bağlanma ve sosyal fobi-kaygı arasındaki ilişkide onay bağımlılığı, başkalarına güven ve duygusal tepkiselliğin paralel aracılık etkisi, saplantılı bağlanma ve sosyal fobi-kaçınma arasındaki ilişkide ise onay bağımlılığı ve başkalarına güvenin paralel aracılık etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toplam 8 anlamlı modelin, varyansın %4 ila %19’unu açıkladığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bulgularının bağlanma ve sosyal fobi arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık eden değişkenlerin belirlenmesi ve bu değişkenlere yönelik klinik müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi konularında çıkarımlar yapılmasına katkı sağlayabileceği söylenebilir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yıldız BİLGE
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HAMİDİYE YAŞAM BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, KLİNİK PSİKOLOJİ ANA BİLİM DALI
| | - Esin SEZGİN
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HAMİDİYE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, ÇOCUK GELİŞİMİ BÖLÜMÜ
| | - Hazal ERSAL
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HAMİDİYE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, ÇOCUK GELİŞİMİ BÖLÜMÜ
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Psychometric study of the differentiation of self scale-revised in a sample of Spanish adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Differentiation of Self Scale-Revised (DSS-R), an instrument assessing the differentiation of the self of Spanish adults through the dimensions I Position, Emotional Reactivity, Fusion with Others and Emotional Cutoff, and of a new dimension, Dominance over Others. In Study 1, carried out with 1445 subjects, exploratory factor analysis was performed with one half of the participants, and confirmatory factor analysis with the other, comparing the five-factor and bifactor models. In Study 2, examining convergent validity, 180 subjects participated and completed the revised scale and the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised. Studies 3 and 4 verified concurrent validity, with 401 subjects completing the DSS-R and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Study 3, and 170 subjects completing the DSS-R and the Couple Assertion Questionnaire in Study 4. Adequate internal consistency indices and evidence of construct, convergent and concurrent validity were found. The use of the DSS-R is recommended for assessing the differentiation of the self in the Spanish population.
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Jiménez-Picón N, Romero-Martín M, Ramirez-Baena L, Palomo-Lara JC, Gómez-Salgado J. Systematic Review of the Relationship between Couple Dyadic Adjustment and Family Health. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060491. [PMID: 34207729 PMCID: PMC8228182 DOI: 10.3390/children8060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of family functioning in the development of child and adult psychopathology has been widely studied. However, the relationship between partners’ adjustment and family health is less studied. This paper aims to describe and summarize research that analyzes the relationship between partners’ adjustment and family health. A systematic review was conducted in the PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Lilacs, Psicodoc, Cinahl, and Jstor databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: articles published from 2012 to 2019 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Data were extracted and organized according to the family health model: family climate, integrity, functioning, and coping. Initially, 835 references were identified, and 24 articles were assessed for quality appraisal. Finally, 20 publications were selected. Results showed that couple adjustment was an important factor that triggered the emotional climate of the family, was positively intercorrelated to parenting alliance or coparenting, and contributed to family efficacy and help when facing stressful life events. Findings revealed a consensus about the relationship between couple dyadic adjustment and family health. The results could orientate interventions to promote well-being and to increase quality of life and family strength. Health professionals should thoroughly study couple relationships to identify risk factors, assess family skills, and promote family health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Jiménez-Picón
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.-P.); (L.R.-B.); (J.C.P.-L.)
| | | | - Lucia Ramirez-Baena
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.-P.); (L.R.-B.); (J.C.P.-L.)
| | - Juan Carlos Palomo-Lara
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (N.J.-P.); (L.R.-B.); (J.C.P.-L.)
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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Alexithymia and Self Differentiation: The Role of Fear of Intimacy and Insecure Adult Attachment. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-021-09567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is suggested in literature that there is a link between Alexithymia and Self-Differentiation; however, little is known about possible mediation factors. The goal of this work is to test in a non-clinical population of adults the mediation role of Fear of Intimacy and Adult Attachment in the relationship between Alexithymia and Self-Differentiation. A sample of 258 participants self identified as gay or lesbian, aged 20–50 years (M: 30.29; SD: 7.27), 45% of whom were males, completed self-reported measures of Alexithymia (TAS-20), Self-Differentiation (SDI), Fear of Intimacy (FIS); and Insecure Adult Attachment (RAAS). Our results show that Alexithymia predicts Self-Differentiation both directly and indirectly, through Fear of Intimacy and Insecure adult attachment. In addition, Fear of Intimacy directly influences Self-Differentiation, and also mediates the relationship between Alexithymia and Adult Attachment which, in turn, negatively predicts Self-Differentiation. In conclusion, Alexithymia predicts Self-Differentiation while Fear of Intimacy and adult attachment may act as mediators of the report. Limitations of the study and directions of future research are described.
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Sommantico M, Iorio I, Lacatena M, Parrello S. Adult Attachment, Differentiation of Self, and Relationship Satisfaction in Lesbians and Gay Men. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-020-09563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe examined adult attachment styles, differentiation of self, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 298 Italian lesbians (48%) and gay men (52%), all of whom were ages 19–71 years (M = 36.1; SD = 11.8) and in a couple relationship for at least six months. Participants were recruited via the Internet and completed a web-based survey. We tested the hypotheses that attachment insecurity and differentiation of self would predict relationship satisfaction, as well as that differentiation of self would mediate the relationship between adult attachment and relationship satisfaction. Results supported the hypotheses, thus indicating that attachment insecurity and differentiation of self were correlated with and predicted relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, results supported the hypothesized mediating role of differentiation of self. Finally, results indicated that younger participants, lesbians, and participants in civil unions reported higher levels of relationship satisfaction. Implications for counselors and therapists working with LG populations are discussed.
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Rodríguez-González M, Lampis J, Murdock NL, Schweer-Collins ML, Lyons ER. Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross-Cultural Study. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1552-1568. [PMID: 32073663 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross-cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI-R; Skowron & Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI-R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture-specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martiño Rodríguez-González
- Instituto Cultura y Sociedad (ICS), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Lampis J, Cataudella S, Agus M, Carta S, Rodríguez-González M, Lasio D, Serri F, Galluzzo W. Differentiation of self and the decision to seek systemic psychotherapy: a comparison between a help-seeking and a normative sample. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2019.1653263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lampis
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S. Cataudella
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M. Agus
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S. Carta
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - D. Lasio
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F. Serri
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - W. Galluzzo
- European Institute of Systemic Training and Counselling, and Relational Therapy (Iefcos.Tre), Cagliari, Italy
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Rodríguez-González M, Martins MV, Bell CA, Lafontaine MF, Costa ME. Differentiation of Self, Psychological Distress, and Dyadic Adjustment: Exploring an Integrative Model Through an Actor–Partner Analysis. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-019-09493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Adult Attachment and Differentiation of Self-Constructs: A Possible Dialogue? CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-019-09489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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