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Jin X, Wang Y, Chen J, Niu M, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Bao G. Novel dual-targeting inhibitors of NSD2 and HDAC2 for the treatment of liver cancer: structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, and in vitro and in vivo biological activity evaluations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2289355. [PMID: 38059332 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2289355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity and involves intricate mechanisms. Recent research has revealed the significant role of histone lysine methylation and acetylation in the epigenetic regulation of liver cancer development. In this study, five inhibitors capable of targeting both histone lysine methyltransferase nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 2 (NSD2) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) were identified using a structure-based virtual screening approach. Notably, DT-NH-1 displayed a potent inhibition of NSD2 (IC50 = 0.08 ± 0.03 μM) and HDAC2 (IC50 = 5.24 ± 0.87 nM). DT-NH-1 also demonstrated a strong anti-proliferative activity against various liver cancer cell lines, particularly HepG2 cells, and exhibited a high level of biological safety. In an experimental xenograft model involving HepG2 cells, DT-NH-1 showed a significant reduction in tumour growth. Consequently, these findings indicate that DT-NH-1 will be a promising lead compound for the treatment of liver cancer with epigenetic dual-target inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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2
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Wang M, Liao J, Wang J, Xu M, Cheng Y, Wei L, Huang A. HDAC2 promotes autophagy-associated HCC malignant progression by transcriptionally activating LAPTM4B. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:593. [PMID: 39147759 PMCID: PMC11327261 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health challenge. The activation of autophagy plays an essential role in promoting the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. However, the upstream regulatory network and mechanisms governing autophagy in HCC remain unclear. This study demonstrated that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) regulates autophagy in HCC. Its expression was elevated in HCC tissues, and high HDAC2 expression was strongly associated with poor prognosis in individuals with HCC. Integrated in vitro and in vivo investigations confirmed that HDAC2 promotes autophagy and autophagy-related malignant progression in HCC. Mechanistically, HDAC2 bound specifically to the lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4-β (LAPTM4B) promoter at four distinct binding sites, enhancing its transcriptional activation and driving autophagy-related malignant progression in HCC. These findings establish LAPTM4B as a direct target gene of HDAC2. Furthermore, the selective inhibitor of HDAC2 effectively alleviated the malignant development of HCC. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis of 105 human HCC samples revealed that HDAC2 expression is an independent predictor of HCC prognosis. This study underscores the crucial role of the HDAC2-LAPTM4B axis in regulating autophagy in the malignant evolution of HCC and highlights the potential of targeting HDAC2 to prevent and halt the malignant progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
- Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
| | - Jianping Liao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
- Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
- Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
| | - Meifang Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
- Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
- Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China.
- Institute of Oncology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, China.
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3
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Jo H, Shim K, Kim HU, Jung HS, Jeoung D. HDAC2 as a Target for developing Anti-cancer Drugs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2048-2057. [PMID: 36968022 PMCID: PMC10030825 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) deacetylate histones H3 and H4. An imbalance between histone acetylation and deacetylation can lead to various diseases. HDAC2 is present in the nucleus. It plays a critical role in modifying chromatin structures and regulates the expression of various genes by functioning as a transcriptional regulator. The roles of HDAC2 in tumorigenesis and anti-cancer drug resistance are discussed in this review. Several reports suggested that HDAC2 is a prognostic marker of various cancers. The roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) that directly regulate the expression of HDAC2 in tumorigenesis are also discussed in this review. This review also presents HDAC2 as a valuable target for developing anti-cancer drugs.
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Trembley JH, Kren BT, Afzal M, Scaria GA, Klein MA, Ahmed K. Protein kinase CK2 – diverse roles in cancer cell biology and therapeutic promise. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:899-926. [PMID: 36114992 PMCID: PMC9483426 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of protein kinase CK2 (formerly casein kinase II or 2) with cell growth and proliferation in cells was apparent at early stages of its investigation. A cancer-specific role for CK2 remained unclear until it was determined that CK2 was also a potent suppressor of cell death (apoptosis); the latter characteristic differentiated its function in normal versus malignant cells because dysregulation of both cell growth and cell death is a universal feature of cancer cells. Over time, it became evident that CK2 exerts its influence on a diverse range of cell functions in normal as well as in transformed cells. As such, CK2 and its substrates are localized in various compartments of the cell. The dysregulation of CK2 is documented in a wide range of malignancies; notably, by increased CK2 protein and activity levels with relatively moderate change in its RNA abundance. High levels of CK2 are associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types, and CK2 is a target for active research and testing for cancer therapy. Aspects of CK2 cellular roles and targeting in cancer are discussed in the present review, with focus on nuclear and mitochondrial functions and prostate, breast and head and neck malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - George A Scaria
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
| | - Mark A Klein
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Primary Care Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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CK2 Inhibition and Antitumor Activity of 4,7-Dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165239. [PMID: 36014483 PMCID: PMC9415015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, cancer is one of the most widespread and dangerous human diseases with a high mortality rate. Nevertheless, the search and application of new low-toxic and effective drugs, combined with the timely diagnosis of diseases, makes it possible to cure most types of tumors at an early stage. In this work, the range of new polysubstituted 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was extended. The structure of all the obtained compounds was confirmed by the data of 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated against human recombinant CK2 using the ADP-GloTM assay. In addition, the IC50 parameters were calculated based on the results of the MTT test against glioblastoma (A-172), embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd), osteosarcoma (Hos), and human embryonic kidney (Hek-293) cells. Compounds 5f, 5h, and 5k showed a CK2 inhibitory activity close to the reference molecule (staurosporine). The most potential compound in the MTT test was 5m with an IC50 from 13 to 27 µM. Thus, our results demonstrate that 4,7-dihydro-6-nitroazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are promising for further investigation of their antitumor properties.
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Sharma AL, Meitei PM, Machathoibi TC, Singh NT, Singh TR, Singh LS. Ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 inhibits A549 cells migration through casein kinase 2α intronless gene and neutral endopeptidase. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35123428 PMCID: PMC8817493 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that a new intronless gene for casein kinase 2α (CK2α), CSNK2A3, is expressed in human cells. The promoter of the well-known CK2α, CSNK2A1, displays characteristics of a housekeeping gene, whereas CSNK2A3 has a characteristic of a regulated promoter with two TATA boxes and a CAAT box. GPR68, a family of the G protein-coupled receptors, is also known as ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1). In the current study, we analyzed the roles of CK2α genes and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), a key enzyme that influences a variety of malignancies, in the OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration. Methods We analyzed the transcript expressions of both the CK2α genes (CSNK2A1 and CSNK2A3) and NEP upon OGR1 overexpression. Protein expression of CK2α and NEP were also analyzed. We further elucidated the functional roles of both CK2α and NEP in the OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration in vitro using a wound-healing assay. We also analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in the OGR1-induced inhibition of lung cancer cell migration. Results The findings of this study showed that OGR1 upregulated the expression of CSNK2A3 but not CSNK2A1 in the A549 cells. The findings further suggested OGR1 also upregulates the expression of NEP. The OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration was abrogated completely by inhibition of CK2α activity, whereas partial abrogation (~ 30%) was observed in the presence of NEP inhibition. The results also revealed that OGR1 regulates CSNK2A3 via activation of Rac1/cdc42 and MAPKs pathways. CK2 is ubiquitously expressed, and in contrast, is believed to be a constitutively active enzyme, and its regulation appears to be independent of known second messengers. Conclusion In the current study, we report for the first time the OGR1-induced regulation of CSNK2A3, CK2αP, and NEP in A549 cancer cells. Our study also decoded the downstream cellular proteins of OGR1 as well as the molecular mechanism involved in OGR1-induced inhibition of A549 cell migration. The findings of this research suggest the potential therapeutic targets to inhibit lung cancer progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09257-1.
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Yang Y, Hu B, Yang Y, Gong K, Wang H, Guo Q, Tang X, Li Y, Wang J. Rational design of selective HDAC2 inhibitors for liver cancer treatment: computational insights into the selectivity mechanism through molecular dynamics simulations and QM/MM calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17576-17590. [PMID: 34369509 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of selective histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) inhibitors is beneficial for the therapeutic treatment of liver cancer, though HDAC2 is highly homologous to HDAC8, which may lead to undesired side effects due to the pan-inhibition towards HDAC2 and HDAC8. To clarify the structural basis of selective inhibition towards HDAC2 over HDAC8, we utilized multiple in silico strategies, including sequence alignment, structural comparison, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations, alanine scanning mutagenesis, pharmacophore modeling, protein contacts atlas analysis and QM/MM calculations to study the binding patterns of HDAC2/8 selective inhibitors. Through the whole process described above, it is found that although HDAC2 has conserved GLY154 and PHE210 that also exist within HDAC8, namely GLY151 and PHE208, the two isoforms exhibit diverse binding modes towards their inhibitors. Typically, HDAC2 inhibitors interact with the Zn2+ ions through the core chelate group, while HDAC8 inhibitors adopt a bent conformation within the HDAC8 pocket that inclines to be in contact with the Zn2+ ions through the terminal hydroxamic acid group. In summary, our data comprehensively elucidate the selectivity mechanism towards HDAC2 over HDAC8, which would guide the rational design of selective HDAC2 inhibitors for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning 110016, China.
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8
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Shetty MG, Pai P, Deaver RE, Satyamoorthy K, Babitha KS. Histone deacetylase 2 selective inhibitors: A versatile therapeutic strategy as next generation drug target in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105695. [PMID: 34082029 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetylation and deacetylation of histone and several non-histone proteins are the two important processes amongst the different modes of epigenetic modulation that are involved in regulating cancer initiation and development. Abnormal expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is often reported in various types of cancers. Few pan HDAC inhibitors have been approved for use as therapeutic interventions for cancer treatment including vorinostat, belinostat and panobinostat. However, not all the HDAC isoforms are abnormally expressed in certain cancers, such as in the case of, ovarian cancer where overexpression of HDAC1-3, lung cancer where overexpression of HDAC 1 and 3 and gastric cancer where overexpression of HDAC2 is seen. Therefore, pan-inhibition of HDAC is not an efficient way to combat cancer via HDAC inhibition. Hence, isoform-selective HDAC inhibition can be one of the best therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer. In this context since aberrant expression of HDAC2 largely contributes to cancer progression by silencing pro-apoptotic protein expressions such as NOXA and APAF1 (caspase 9-activating proteins) and inactivation of tumor suppressor p53, HDAC2 specific inhibitors may help to develop not only the direct targets but also indirect targets that are crucial for tumor development. However, to develop a HDAC2 specific and potent inhibitor, extensive knowledge of its structure and specific functions is essential. The present review updates details on the structural features, physiological functions, and roles of HDAC2 in different types of cancer, emphasizing the challenges and status of the development of HDAC2 selective inhibitors against various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padmini Pai
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Renita Esther Deaver
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
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Liu YR, Wang JQ, Huang ZG, Chen RN, Cao X, Zhu DC, Yu HX, Wang XR, Zhou HY, Xia Q, Li J. Histone deacetylase‑2: A potential regulator and therapeutic target in liver disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:131. [PMID: 34013366 PMCID: PMC8136123 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases are responsible for histone acetylation, while histone deacetylases (HDACs) counteract histone acetylation. An unbalanced dynamic between histone acetylation and deacetylation may lead to aberrant chromatin landscape and chromosomal function. HDAC2, a member of class I HDAC family, serves a crucial role in the modulation of cell signaling, immune response and gene expression. HDAC2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for liver disease by regulating gene transcription, chromatin remodeling, signal transduction and nuclear reprogramming, thus receiving attention from researchers and clinicians. The present review introduces biological information of HDAC2 and its physiological and biochemical functions. Secondly, the functional roles of HDAC2 in liver disease are discussed in terms of hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation, liver regeneration, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Moreover, abnormal expression of HDAC2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver disease, and its expression levels and pharmacological activity may represent potential biomarkers of liver disease. Finally, research on selective HDAC2 inhibitors and non-coding RNAs relevant to HDAC2 expression in liver disease is also reviewed. The aim of the present review was to improve understanding of the multifunctional role and potential regulatory mechanism of HDAC2 in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Chun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Quan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Anti‑inflammatory Immune Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Protein kinase CK2: a potential therapeutic target for diverse human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:183. [PMID: 33994545 PMCID: PMC8126563 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase, which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates, controls several signaling pathways, and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases. Its best documented role is in cancer, where it regulates practically all malignant hallmarks. Other well-known functions of CK2 are in human infections; in particular, several viruses exploit host cell CK2 for their life cycle. Very recently, also SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been found to enhance CK2 activity and to induce the phosphorylation of several CK2 substrates (either viral and host proteins). CK2 is also considered an emerging target for neurological diseases, inflammation and autoimmune disorders, diverse ophthalmic pathologies, diabetes, and obesity. In addition, CK2 activity has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, as cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. The hypothesis of considering CK2 inhibition for cystic fibrosis therapies has been also entertained for many years. Moreover, psychiatric disorders and syndromes due to CK2 mutations have been recently identified. On these bases, CK2 is emerging as an increasingly attractive target in various fields of human medicine, with the advantage that several very specific and effective inhibitors are already available. Here, we review the literature on CK2 implication in different human pathologies and evaluate its potential as a pharmacological target in the light of the most recent findings.
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Borgo C, D'Amore C, Cesaro L, Sarno S, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M, Salvi M. How can a traffic light properly work if it is always green? The paradox of CK2 signaling. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:321-359. [PMID: 33843388 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1908951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active protein kinase that assuring a constant level of phosphorylation to its numerous substrates supports many of the most important biological functions. Nevertheless, its activity has to be controlled and adjusted in order to cope with the varying needs of a cell, and several examples of a fine-tune regulation of its activity have been described. More importantly, aberrant regulation of this enzyme may have pathological consequences, e.g. in cancer, chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration, and viral infection. Our review aims at summarizing our current knowledge about CK2 regulation. In the first part, we have considered the most important stimuli shown to affect protein kinase CK2 activity/expression. In the second part, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which CK2 can be regulated, discussing controversial aspects and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Amore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Cesaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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TMEM2 binds to CSNK2A3 to inhibit HBV infection via activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112517. [PMID: 33582094 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms that TMEM2 activation inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and mass spectrometry were used in screening interacting proteins for TMEM2. Levels of casein kinase 2 subunit α3 (CSNK2A3) in HCC cells were found to be inhibited or overexpressed using siRNAs and pcDNA3.1-CSNK2A3, respectively. Effect of CSNK2A3 expression on cell proliferation was analyzed using MTS, while its effect on HBV infection was measured using ddPCR and IHC. Western blotting and JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib were also used to determine whether TMEM2-regulated CSNK2A3 expression and HBV infection were affected by JAK-STAT signaling. Co-IP and mass spectrometry results showed that CSNK2A3 interacts with TMEM2. Moreover, overexpression of CSNK2A3 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, while inhibition of CSNK2A3 promoted proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, overexpression of CSNK2A3 was observed to significantly enhance HBV infection, while siRNA knockdown of CSNK2A3 inhibited HBV infection. Notably, effect of CSNK2A3 overexpression on HBV infection was suppressed by TMEM2 overexpression. Further mechanistic analyses have revealed that TMEM2 could antagonize the effects of CSNK2A3 on cell proliferation and HBV infection via JAK-STAT pathway activation. In conclusion, TMEM2 has been determined to bind to CSNK2A3 to inhibit HBV infection via activation of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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13
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Rangasamy L, Ortín I, Zapico JM, Coderch C, Ramos A, de Pascual-Teresa B. New Dual CK2/HDAC1 Inhibitors with Nanomolar Inhibitory Activity against Both Enzymes. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:713-719. [PMID: 32435375 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Four potent CK2 inhibitors derived from CX-4945 are described. They also provided nanomolar activity against HDAC1, therefore having promising utility as dual-target agents for cancer. The linker length between the hydroxamic acid and the CX-4945 scaffold plays an important role in dictating balanced activity against the targeted enzymes. The seven-carbon linker (compound 15c) was optimal for inhibition of both CK2 and HDAC1. Remarkably, 15c showed 3.0 and 3.5 times higher inhibitory activity than the reference compounds CX-4945 (against CK2) and SAHA (against HDAC1), respectively. Compound 15c exhibited micromolar activity in cell-based cytotoxic assays against multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Rangasamy
- Departamento de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprı́ncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ortín
- Departamento de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprı́ncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Zapico
- Departamento de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprı́ncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claire Coderch
- Departamento de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprı́ncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramos
- Departamento de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprı́ncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Pascual-Teresa
- Departamento de Quı́mica y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Monteprı́ncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Lan YC, Wang YH, Chen HH, Lo SF, Chen SY, Tsai FJ. Effects of Casein Kinase 2 Alpha 1 Gene Expression on Mice Liver Susceptible to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:13-20. [PMID: 31929734 PMCID: PMC6945564 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.37110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease found worldwide. Notably, BKS.Cg- Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/JNarl mice are useful animal models for studying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated casein kinase 2 alpha 1 (CSNK2A1) gene and protein expression in the liver tissues of mice at different ages (4, 16, and 32 weeks) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our data paved the way for exploring BKS.Cg- Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/JNarl in the mouse model by demonstrating a significant increase in gene and protein expression in T2DM (+Leprdb/+Leprdb) mouse liver when compared to control (+Dock7m/+Dock7m) mouse liver. We also observed that CSNK2A1 protein level in the serum of T2DM patient group was higher than that of the control group, although the data was not statistically significant. Based on our findings, we can now understand the role of CSNK2A1 gene upregulation when encountering T2DM pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Lan
- Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Han Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Taipei Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , 11221 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Han Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Foon Lo
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan.,Genetics Center, Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan.,Genetics Center, Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, 40447 Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Feng Q, Huang Y, Yao D, Zhu C, Li S, Ma H, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. Litopenaeus vannamei CK2 is involved in shrimp innate immunity by modulating hemocytes apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:643-653. [PMID: 31563555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase with multiple cellular functions in vertebrates including apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, survival, tumorigenesis, signal transduction, immune regulation and inflammation. In the current study, the catalytic and regulatory subunit homologs of Litopenaeus vannamei protein kinase CK2 (LvCK2α and LvCK2β) were cloned and characterized. LvCK2α has a full-length cDNA sequence of 1764 bp with a 1053 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 351 amino acids, which contains a typical serine/threonine kinase domain. On the other hand, LvCK2β has a 1394 bp full-length cDNA with an ORF of 663 bp encoding a protein with 221 amino acids, which contains a Casein kinase II regulatory subunit domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvCK2 was evolutionary related with the CK2 of invertebrates. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that LvCK2α and LvCK2β transcripts were widely expressed in all shrimp tissues tested, and were both induced in hemocytes and hepatopancreas upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), suggesting their involvement in shrimp immune response. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi) of LvCK2α resulted in increased hemocytes apoptosis, shown by high caspase 3/7 activity, increased number of apoptotic cells, coupled with an elevation in transcript levels of pro-apoptotic LvCaspase3 and LvCytochrome C, and a reduction in mRNA levels of pro-survival LvBcl2, LvIAP1, and LvIAP2. In addition, LvCK2α knockdown followed by V. parahaemolyticus challenge resulted in higher cumulative mortality of shrimp. Taken together, our current findings suggest that LvCK2 modulates shrimp hemocytes apoptosis as part of the innate immune response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueqian Huang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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16
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Casein kinase 2 inhibition sensitizes medulloblastoma to temozolomide. Oncogene 2019; 38:6867-6879. [PMID: 31406250 PMCID: PMC6800621 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Since surviving patients experience severe neurocognitive disabilities, better and more effective treatments are needed to enhance their quality of life. Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is known to regulate cell growth and survival in multiple cancers; however, the role of CK2 in MB is currently being studied. In this study we verified the importance of CK2 in MB tumorigenesis and discovered that inhibition of CK2 using the small molecule inhibitor, CX-4945, can sensitize MB cells to a well-known and tolerated chemotherapeutic, temozolomide (TMZ). To study the role of CK2 in MB we modulated CK2 expression in multiple MB cell. Exogenous expression of CK2 enhanced cell growth and tumor growth in mice, while depletion or inhibition of CK2 expression decreased MB tumorigenesis. Treatment with CX-4945 reduced MB growth and increased apoptosis. We conducted a high-throughput screen where 4,000 small molecule compounds were analyzed to identify compounds that increased the anti-tumorigenic properties of CX-4945. TMZ was found to work synergistically with CX-4945 to decrease cell survival and increase apoptosis in MB cells. O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) activity is directly correlated to TMZ sensitivity. We found that loss of CK2 activity reduced β-catenin expression, a known MGMT regulator, which in turn led to a decrease in MGMT expression and an increased sensitivity to TMZ. Our findings show that CK2 is important for MB maintenance and that treatment with CX-4945 can sensitize MB cells to TMZ treatment.
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Zhao J, Gray SG, Greene CM, Lawless MW. Unmasking the pathological and therapeutic potential of histone deacetylases for liver cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:247-256. [PMID: 30791763 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1568870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, currently ranking as one of the highest neoplastic-related mortalities in the world. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and lack of effective treatment options, the 5-year survival rate of HCC remains extremely low. Histone deacetylation is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms, regulating cellular events such as differentiation, proliferation and cell cycle. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), the chief mediators of this epigenetic mechanism, are often aberrantly expressed in various tumours including HCC. Areas covered: This review focuses on the most up-to-date findings of HDACs and their associated molecular mechanisms in HCC onset and progression. In addition, a potential network between HDACs and non-coding RNAs including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs underlying hepatocarcinogenesis is considered. Expert opinion: Unmasking the role of HDACs and their association with HCC pathogenesis could have implications for future personalized therapeutic and diagnostic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- a Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science , Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- b Department of Clinical Medicine , Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital & Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- c Clinical Microbiology , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Matthew W Lawless
- a Experimental Medicine, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science , Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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18
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Jiang L, Zhang J, Hu N, Liu A, Zhu H, Li L, Tian Y, Chen X, Quan L. Lentivirus-mediated down-regulation of CK2α inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of malignant lymphoma and leukemia cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:786-796. [PMID: 29772186 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase II subunit alpha (CK2α) is highly expressed in many malignant tumor tissues, including lymphomas and leukemia. To investigate the role of CK2α in cell proliferation and apoptosis of malignant lymphomas and leukemia, 2 lymphoma cell lines and one leukemia cell line were infected with CK2α shRNA lentivirus or negative control shRNA lentivirus, and stably infected cell lines were established. Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of CK2α were significantly reduced in CK2α knockdown cells. The tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay found that down-regulation of CK2α inhibited the proliferation of these cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that inhibition of CK2α induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of lymphoma and leukemia cells. In accordance with these, down-regulation of CK2α also reduced the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinD1, and bcl-2, and increased the protein expression of bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, knockdown of CK2α impeded the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. In summary, our study revealed that CK2α may contribute to the development of malignant lymphoma and leukemia, and serve as the therapeutic target of these malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Fourth Hospital, Harbin 150026, People's Republic of China
| | - Naifeng Hu
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Forest Industry General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Aichun Liu
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- d School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiao Li
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Quan
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhang X, Yang X, Yang C, Li P, Yuan W, Deng X, Cheng Y, Li P, Yang H, Tao J, Lu Q. Targeting protein kinase CK2 suppresses bladder cancer cell survival via the glucose metabolic pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:87361-87372. [PMID: 27888634 PMCID: PMC5349994 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase that promotes cell proliferation and resists apoptosis. Elevated CK2 expression has been demonstrated in several solid tumors. The expression of CK2α in bladder cancer was elevated in tumor tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. Amplified expression of CK2α was highly correlated with histological grade in bladder cancer(P = 0.024). Knockdown of CK2α in bladder cancer cell lines resulted in a reduction in tumor aerobic glycolysis, accompanied with lower phosphorylated AKT. Moreover, low CK2α levels suppressed cell growth, and similar results could be reproduced after treatment with CX-4945 with a dose-dependent response. CX-4945 inhibited migration and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of CK2α decreased the tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells in vivo. This study is the first to report that CK2 increases glucose metabolism in human bladder cancer. Blocking CK2 function may provide novel diagnostic and potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chengdi Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaheng Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yidong Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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20
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Chua MMJ, Lee M, Dominguez I. Cancer-type dependent expression of CK2 transcripts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188854. [PMID: 29206231 PMCID: PMC5714396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of proteins are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, including the oncogenic serine-threonine kinase CK2. In a previous report, we found increases in CK2 transcript expression that could explain the increased CK2 protein levels found in tumors from lung and bronchus, prostate, breast, colon and rectum, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. We also found that, contrary to the current notions about CK2, some CK2 transcripts were downregulated in several cancers. Here, we investigate all other cancers using Oncomine to determine whether they also display significant CK2 transcript dysregulation. As anticipated from our previous analysis, we found cancers with all CK2 transcripts upregulated (e.g. cervical), and cancers where there was a combination of upregulation and/or downregulation of the CK2 transcripts (e.g. sarcoma). Unexpectedly, we found some cancers with significant downregulation of all CK2 transcripts (e.g. testicular cancer). We also found that, in some cases, CK2 transcript levels were already dysregulated in benign lesions (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus). We also found that CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with lower patient survival in most cases where data was significant. However, there were two cancer types, glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma, where CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with higher survival. Overall, these data show that the expression levels of CK2 genes is highly variable in cancers and can lead to different patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. J. Chua
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Wu J, Liu C, Zhang L, Qu CH, Sui XL, Zhu H, Huang L, Xu YF, Han YL, Qin C. Histone deacetylase-2 is involved in stress-induced cognitive impairment via histone deacetylation and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway modification. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1846-1854. [PMID: 28656275 PMCID: PMC5561802 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress upregulates blood glucocorticoid levels and impairs cognition via diverse epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone deacetylation. Histone deacetylation can lead to transcriptional silencing of many proteins involved in cognition and may also cause learning and memory dysfunction. Histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) has been demonstrated to epigenetically block cognition via a reduction in the histone acetylation level; however, it is unknown whether HDAC2 is involved in the cognitive decline induced by chronic stress. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that the stress hormone corticosteroid upregulate HDAC2 protein levels in neuro-2a cells and cause cell injuries. HDAC2 knockdown resulted in a significant amelioration of the pathological changes in N2a cells via the upregulation of histone acetylation and modifications in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. In addition, the HDAC2 protein levels were upregulated in 12-month-old female C57BL/6J mice under chronic stress in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggested that HDAC2 may be an important negative regulator involved in chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Cui Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hui Qu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Sui
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Han
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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22
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Lin YT, Chien KY, Wu CC, Chang WY, Chu LJ, Chen MC, Yeh CT, Yu JS. Super-SILAC mix coupled with SIM/AIMS assays for targeted verification of phosphopeptides discovered in a large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Proteomics 2017; 157:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chua MMJ, Ortega CE, Sheikh A, Lee M, Abdul-Rassoul H, Hartshorn KL, Dominguez I. CK2 in Cancer: Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E18. [PMID: 28134850 PMCID: PMC5374422 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 genes are overexpressed in many human cancers, and most often overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. Site-specific expression in mice leads to cancer development (e.g., breast, lymphoma) indicating the oncogenic nature of CK2. CK2 is involved in many key aspects of cancer including inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of signaling pathways, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulation. A number of CK2 inhibitors are now available and have been shown to have activity against various cancers in vitro and in pre-clinical models. Some of these inhibitors are now undergoing exploration in clinical trials as well. In this review, we will examine some of the major cancers in which CK2 inhibition has promise based on in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the proposed cellular and signaling mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by CK2 inhibitors, and the current or recent clinical trials using CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Charina E Ortega
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ayesha Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hussein Abdul-Rassoul
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Chung YC, Chen CH, Tsai YT, Lin CC, Chou JC, Kao TY, Huang CC, Cheng CH, Hsu CP. Litchi seed extract inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and growth of Two Non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:16. [PMID: 28056952 PMCID: PMC5217642 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Litchi seeds possess rich amounts of phenolics and have been shown to inhibit proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, the suppression of EGFR signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by litchi seed extract (LCSE) has not been fully understood. METHODS In this study, the effects of LCSE on EGFR signaling, cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis in A549 adenocarcinoma cells and NCI- H661 large-cell carcinoma cells were examined. RESULTS The results demonstrated that LCSE potently reduced the number of cancer cells and induced growth inhibition, cell-cycle arrest in the G1 or G2/M phase, and apoptotic death in the cellular experiment. Only low cytotoxicity effect was noted in normal lung MRC-5 cells. LCSE also suppressed cyclins and Bcl-2 and elevated Kip1/p27, Bax and caspase 8, 9 and 3 activities, which are closely associated with the downregulation of EGFR and its downstream Akt and Erk-1/-2 signaling. CONCLUSION The results implied that LCSE suppressed EGFR signaling and inhibited NSCLC cell growth. This study provided in vitro evidence that LCSE could serve as a potential agent for the adjuvant treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching Hospital, Chung-Kang Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hui Chen
- Department of Health and Leisure Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Detection, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ching Chou
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Kao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, 30015, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chen Huang
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, 30015, Taiwan.
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25
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Bae JS, Park SH, Jamiyandorj U, Kim KM, Noh SJ, Kim JR, Park HJ, Kwon KS, Jung SH, Park HS, Park BH, Lee H, Moon WS, Sylvester KG, Jang KY. CK2α/CSNK2A1 Phosphorylates SIRT6 and Is Involved in the Progression of Breast Carcinoma and Predicts Shorter Survival of Diagnosed Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3297-3315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Zhu XT, Yuan JH, Zhu TT, Li YY, Cheng XY. Long noncoding RNA glypican 3 (GPC3) antisense transcript 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via epigenetically activating GPC3. FEBS J 2016; 283:3739-3754. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ting Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Ji-hang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Teng-teng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Yang-yang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China
| | - Xiao-yang Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China
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Zhang HX, Jiang SS, Zhang XF, Zhou ZQ, Pan QZ, Chen CL, Zhao JJ, Tang Y, Xia JC, Weng DS. Protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit is overexpressed and serves as an unfavorable prognostic marker in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34800-17. [PMID: 26430962 PMCID: PMC4741491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 alpha (CK2α), one isoform of the catalytic subunit of serine/threonine kinase CK2, has been indicated to participate in tumorigenesis of various malignancies. We conducted this study to investigate the biological significances of CK2α expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Real-time quantitative polymerase and western blotting analyses revealed that CK2α expression was significantly increased at mRNA and protein levels in HCC tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that amplified expression of CK2α was highly correlated with poor prognosis. And functional analyses (cell proliferation and colony formation assays, cell migration and invasion assays, cell cycle and apoptosis assays) found that CK2α promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, as well as inhibited apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines in vitro. CK2α-silenced resulted in significant apoptosis in cells that was demonstrated been associated with downregulation of expression of Bcl-2, p-AKT (ser473) and upregulation of expression of total P53, p-P53, Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 in HCC cells. In addition, experiments with a mouse model revealed that the stimulative effect of CK2α on tumorigenesis in nude mice. Our results suggest that CK2α might play an oncogenic role in HCC, and therefore it could serve as a biomarker for prognostic and therapeutic applications in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Huang J, Yang G, Huang Y, Kong W, Zhang S. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulating HDAC2 and upregulating P21(WAFI/CIP1). Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1373-80. [PMID: 26676829 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, termed 1,25(OH)2D3 in it's active form, activity is associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is an important immune regulator. However, the detail molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the progression of HCC are widely unknown. Histone deacetwylase 2 (HDAC2) is usually expressed at high levels in tumors, and its downregulation leads to high expression levels of cell cycle components, including p21(WAF1/Cip1), a well-characterized modulator, which is critical in cell senescence and apoptosis. The present study investigated whether vitamin D inhibits HCC via the regulation of HDAC2 and p21(WAF1/Cip1). Firstly, the toxic concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 were determined, according to trypan blue and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assays. Secondly, HCC cells lines were treated with different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3. The expression of HDAC2 was either silenced via short hairpin (sh)RNA or induced by transfection of plasmids expressing the HDAC2 gene in certain HCC cells. Finally the mRNA and protein levels of HDAC2 and p21(WAF1/Cip1) were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The results revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment reduced the expression of HDAC2 and increased the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1), in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in the reduction of HCC growth. Elevated levels of HDAC2 reduced the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1), resulting in an increase in HCC growth. HDAC2 shRNA increased the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1), resulting in reduction in HCC growth. Thus, 1,25(OH)2D3 exerted antitumorigenic effects through decreasing the expression levels of HDAC2 and increasing the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1), which inhibited the development of HCC and may indicate the possible underlying mechanism. These results suggest that vitamin D3 may be developed as a potential drug for effective therapy in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Biochemistry Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Yang
- Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhu Huang
- Biochemistry Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Kong
- Biochemistry Department, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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29
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Borlak J, Singh P, Gazzana G. Proteome mapping of epidermal growth factor induced hepatocellular carcinomas identifies novel cell metabolism targets and mitogen activated protein kinase signalling events. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:124. [PMID: 25872475 PMCID: PMC4357185 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To combat HCC effectively research is directed towards its early detection and the development of targeted therapies. Given the fact that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an important mitogen for hepatocytes we searched for disease regulated proteins to improve an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of EGF induced HCC. Disease regulated proteins were studied by 2DE MALDI-TOF/TOF and a transcriptomic approach, by immunohistochemistry and advanced bioinformatics. Results Mapping of EGF induced liver cancer in a transgenic mouse model identified n = 96 (p < 0.05) significantly regulated proteins of which n = 54 were tumour-specific. To unravel molecular circuits linked to aberrant EGFR signalling diverse computational approaches were employed and this defined n = 7 key nodes using n = 82 disease regulated proteins for network construction. STRING analysis revealed protein-protein interactions of > 70% disease regulated proteins with individual proteins being validated by immunohistochemistry. The disease regulated network proteins were mapped to distinct pathways and bioinformatics provided novel insight into molecular circuits associated with significant changes in either glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, argine and proline metabolism, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Hif- and MAPK signalling, lipoprotein metabolism, platelet activation and hemostatic control as a result of aberrant EGF signalling. The biological significance of the findings was corroborated with gene expression data derived from tumour tissues to evntually define a rationale by which tumours embark on intriguing changes in metabolism that is of utility for an understanding of tumour growth. Moreover, among the EGF tumour specific proteins n = 11 were likewise uniquely expressed in human HCC and for n = 49 proteins regulation in human HCC was confirmed using the publically available Human Protein Atlas depository, therefore demonstrating clinical significance. Conclusion Novel insight into the molecular pathogenesis of EGF induced liver cancer was obtained and among the 37 newly identified proteins several are likely candidates for the development of molecularly targeted therapies and include the nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroyacetone kinase and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein1, the latter being an inhibitor of the Raf-1 kinase. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1312-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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30
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Wu D, Sui C, Meng F, Tian X, Fu L, Li Y, Qi X, Cui H, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Stable knockdown of protein kinase CK2-alpha (CK2α) inhibits migration and invasion and induces inactivation of hedgehog signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1501-8. [PMID: 24958341 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2-alpha (CK2α), one isoform of the catalytic subunits of serine/threonine kinase CK2, has been indicated to participate in tumorigenesis of various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, in order to explore the potential role of CK2α in human HCC, we employed short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) technology to inhibit the endogenous CK2α expression in HCC cells and established a Hep G2 cell line with stable knockdown of CK2α. Results from wound healing and transwell invasion assays indicated that stable knockdown of CK2α markedly inhibited Hep G2 cell migration and invasion as compared with those transfected with a negative control plasmid. This alteration was accompanied with expression down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, Snail, Slug, Vimentin, and up-regulation of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin). Moreover, CK2α silencing also induced inactivation of Hedgehog signaling pathway by inhibiting Gli1 and Patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) expressions in HCC cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that knockdown of CK2α can suppress cell migration and invasion, reduces expression of MMPs, inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and induces inactivation of Hedgehog pathway in HCC cells in vitro. Our study provides in vitro evidence to demonstrate that the pathogenesis of human HCC may be correlated with the high expression of CK2α.
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31
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Histone deacetylase 2 controls p53 and is a critical factor in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:524-38. [PMID: 25072962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) regulates biological processes by deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. HDAC2 is overexpressed in numerous cancer types, suggesting general cancer-relevant functions of HDAC2. In human tumors the TP53 gene encoding p53 is frequently mutated and wild-type p53 is often disarmed. Molecular pathways inactivating wild-type p53 often remain to be defined and understood. Remarkably, current data link HDAC2 to the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by deacetylation and to the maintenance of genomic stability. Here, we summarize recent findings on HDAC2 overexpression in solid and hematopoietic cancers with a focus on mechanisms connecting HDAC2 and p53 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we present an evidence-based model that integrates molecular pathways and feedback loops by which p53 and further transcription factors govern the expression and the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HDAC2 and of p53 itself. Understanding the interactions between p53 and HDAC2 might aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches against cancer.
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