1
|
Ni Y, Hu Y, Zhu L, Jiang X, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhao Y. Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharide-Derived Nanoparticles Protect Visual Function by Inhibiting RGC Ferroptosis and Microglial Activation in Retinal Ischemia‒Reperfusion Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304285. [PMID: 38994661 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia‒reperfusion (IR) is a major contributor to vision impairment and irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury or loss. Contemporary therapeutic approaches predominantly focus on the amelioration of symptoms rather than addressing the fundamental etiological factors. Oxidative stress is a notable feature and an important mediator of IR damage. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the main active ingredient of Lycium barbarum, has various pharmacological effects, including antioxidation, immunoregulation, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, the ROS-consumable moiety phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBA) is introduced to LBP molecules, which can self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. This nanoparticle (termed PLBP) can reduce the cellular ROS levels and enhance the antioxidant capability of RGCs by activating the NRF2 pathway, thus protecting RGCs from ferroptosis and preserving visual function in response to IR injury. PLBP also reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting the ability of microglia to phagocytose, migrate, secrete inflammatory cytokines, and activate the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, this approach can be used as an inspiration for the future development of neuroprotective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lijia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaqour B, Duong TT, Yue J, Liu T, Camacho D, Dine KE, Esteve-Rudd J, Ellis S, Bennett J, Shindler KS, Ross AG. AAV2 vector optimization for retinal ganglion cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic genes. Gene Ther 2024; 31:175-186. [PMID: 38200264 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-2 has significant potential as a delivery vehicle of therapeutic genes to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which are key interventional targets in optic neuropathies. Here we show that when injected intravitreally, AAV2 engineered with a reporter gene driven by cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer and chicken β-actin (CBA) promoters, displays ubiquitous and high RGC expression, similar to its synthetic derivative AAV8BP2. A novel AAV2 vector combining the promoter of the human RGC-selective γ-synuclein (hSNCG) gene and woodchuck hepatitis post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE) inserted upstream and downstream of a reporter gene, respectively, induces widespread transduction and strong transgene expression in RGCs. High transduction efficiency and selectivity to RGCs is further achieved by incorporating in the vector backbone a leading CMV enhancer and an SV40 intron at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively, of the reporter gene. As a delivery vehicle of hSIRT1, a 2.2-kb therapeutic gene with anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties, this recombinant vector displayed improved transduction efficiency, a strong, widespread and selective RGC expression of hSIRT1, and increased RGC survival following optic nerve crush. Thus, AAV2 vector carrying hSNCG promoter with additional regulatory sequences may offer strong potential for enhanced effects of candidate gene therapies targeting RGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thu T Duong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Jipeng Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tehui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Spark Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Camacho
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly E Dine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Scott Ellis
- Gyroscope Therapeutics Limited, a Novartis Company, London, N7 9AS, UK
| | - Jean Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth S Shindler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ahmara G Ross
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tahmaz I, Shahmoradi Ghahe S, Stasiak M, Liput KP, Jonak K, Topf U. Prefoldin 2 contributes to mitochondrial morphology and function. BMC Biol 2023; 21:193. [PMID: 37697385 PMCID: PMC10496292 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefoldin is an evolutionarily conserved co-chaperone of the tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC)/chaperonin containing tailless complex 1 (CCT). The prefoldin complex consists of six subunits that are known to transfer newly produced cytoskeletal proteins to TRiC/CCT for folding polypeptides. Prefoldin function was recently linked to the maintenance of protein homeostasis, suggesting a more general function of the co-chaperone during cellular stress conditions. Prefoldin acts in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-independent manner, making it a suitable candidate to operate during stress conditions, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial function depends on the production of mitochondrial proteins in the cytosol. Mechanisms that sustain cytosolic protein homeostasis are vital for the quality control of proteins destined for the organelle and such mechanisms among others include chaperones. RESULTS We analyzed consequences of the loss of prefoldin subunits on the cell proliferation and survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon exposure to various cellular stress conditions. We found that prefoldin subunits support cell growth under heat stress. Moreover, prefoldin facilitates the growth of cells under respiratory growth conditions. We showed that mitochondrial morphology and abundance of some respiratory chain complexes was supported by the prefoldin 2 (Pfd2/Gim4) subunit. We also found that Pfd2 interacts with Tom70, a receptor of mitochondrial precursor proteins that are targeted into mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings link the cytosolic prefoldin complex to mitochondrial function. Loss of the prefoldin complex subunit Pfd2 results in adaptive cellular responses on the proteome level under physiological conditions suggesting a continuous need of Pfd2 for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Within this framework, Pfd2 might support mitochondrial function directly as part of the cytosolic quality control system of mitochondrial proteins or indirectly as a component of the protein homeostasis network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Tahmaz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Somayeh Shahmoradi Ghahe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Stasiak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila P Liput
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ulrike Topf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Herranz-Montoya I, Park S, Djouder N. A comprehensive analysis of prefoldins and their implication in cancer. iScience 2021; 24:103273. [PMID: 34761191 PMCID: PMC8567396 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefoldins (PFDNs) are evolutionary conserved co-chaperones, initially discovered in archaea but universally present in eukaryotes. PFDNs are prevalently organized into hetero-hexameric complexes. Although they have been overlooked since their discovery and their functions remain elusive, several reports indicate they act as co-chaperones escorting misfolded or non-native proteins to group II chaperonins. Unlike the eukaryotic PFDNs which interact with cytoskeletal components, the archaeal PFDNs can bind and stabilize a wide range of substrates, possibly due to their great structural diversity. The discovery of the unconventional RPB5 interactor (URI) PFDN-like complex (UPC) suggests that PFDNs have versatile functions and are required for different cellular processes, including an important role in cancer. Here, we summarize their functions across different species. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of PFDNs genomic alterations across cancer types by using large-scale cancer genomic data indicates that PFDNs are a new class of non-mutated proteins significantly overexpressed in some cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Herranz-Montoya
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Solip Park
- Computational Cancer Genomics Group, Structural Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guihurt Santiago J, Burgos-Tirado N, Lafontaine DD, Mendoza Sierra JC, Camacho RH, Vecchini Rodríguez CM, Morales-Tirado V, Flores-Otero J. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, ELTD1, is a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma migration and invasion. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:53. [PMID: 33430814 PMCID: PMC7802354 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis for pediatric metastatic Retinoblastoma (Rb) is poor and current therapies are limited by high systemic toxicity rates and insufficient therapeutic efficacy for metastatic Rb. Tumor dissemination to the brain is promoted by the heterogeneous adhesive and invasive properties of Rb cells within the tumor. In this study we evaluate, for the first time, the expression, and roles of the ELTD1 and GPR125 adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in Rb cell migration, viability and invasion. METHODS We characterized the RNA expression of adhesion-GPCRs in 64 Rb tumors compared to 11 fetal retinas using the database from the Childhood Solid Tumor Network from St Jude Children's Research Hospital. The role of ELTD1 and GPR125 in Rb were investigated ex vivo by microarray analysis, in vitro by cell viability, Western blot and migration assays, in addition to imaging of the subcellular localization of the GPCRs. To elucidate their role in vivo we utilized siRNA technology in an established Rb orthotopic xenograft murine model. RESULTS Our investigation demonstrates, for the first time, that ELTD1 but not GPR125, is significantly increased in Rb tumors compared to fetal retinas. We utilized established the Rb cell lines Y79 and Weri-Rb-1, which represent an aggressive, metastatic, and non-metastatic phenotype, respectively, for the in vitro analyses. The studies demonstrated that ELTD1 is enriched in Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 is enriched in Y79 cells. The measured differences extended to their subcellular localization as ELTD1 labeling displayed punctate clusters in cell-to-cell adhesion sites of Weri-Rb-1 cells, while GPR125 displayed a polarized distribution in Y79 cells. Lastly, we demonstrated the lack of both adhesion receptors does not affect Rb cell viability, yet inhibition of ELTD1 decreases Y79 cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that ELTD1, is a potential target to prevent extraocular Rb. The results within establish ELTD1 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic Rb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Guihurt Santiago
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine at Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN USA
| | - Neikelyn Burgos-Tirado
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniella Dorta Lafontaine
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Present address: Central University of the Caribbean of Puerto Rico, Bayamon, Puerto Rico
| | - José C. Mendoza Sierra
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Herrera Camacho
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Current affiliation: Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Clara M. Vecchini Rodríguez
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vanessa Morales-Tirado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
- Present address: AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Jacqueline Flores-Otero
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 365067, San Juan, 00936-5067 Puerto Rico
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stiemke AB, Sah E, Simpson RN, Lu L, Williams RW, Jablonski MM. Systems Genetics of Optic Nerve Axon Necrosis During Glaucoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:31. [PMID: 32174956 PMCID: PMC7056908 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identify genomic regions that modulate the number of necrotic axons in optic nerves of a family of mice, some of which have severe glaucoma, and define a set of high priority positional candidate genes that modulate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal degeneration. A large cohort of the BXD family were aged to greater than 13 months of age. Optic nerves from 74 strains and the DBA/2J (D2) parent were harvested, sectioned, and stained with p-phenylenediamine. Numbers of necrotic axons per optic nerve cross-section were counted from 1 to 10 replicates per genotype. Strain means and standard errors were uploaded into GeneNetwork 2 for mapping and systems genetics analyses (Trait 18614). The number of necrotic axons per nerve ranged from only a few hundred to more than 4,000. Using conventional interval mapping as well as linear mixed model mapping, we identified a single locus on chromosome 12 between 109 and 112.5 Mb with a likelihood ratio statistic (LRS) of ~18.5 (p genome-wide ~0.1). Axon necrosis is not linked to locations of major known glaucoma genes in this family, including Gpnmb, Tyrp1, Cdh11, Pou6f2, and Cacna2d1. This indicates that although these genes contribute to pigmentary dispersion or elevated IOP, none directly modulates axon necrosis. Of 156 positional candidates, eight genes—CDC42 binding protein kinase beta (Cdc42bpb); eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (Eif5); BCL2-associated athanogene 5 (Bag5); apoptogenic 1, mitochondrial (Apopt1); kinesin light chain 1 (Klc1); X-ray repair cross complementing 3 (Xrcc3); protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 13B (Ppp1r13b); and transmembrane protein 179 (Tmem179)—passed stringent criteria and are high priority candidates. Several candidates are linked to mitochondria and/or axons, strengthening their plausible role as modulators of ON necrosis. Additional studies are required to validate and/or eliminate plausible candidates. Surprisingly, IOP and ON necrosis are inversely correlated across the BXD family in mice >13 months of age and these two traits share few genes among their top ocular and retinal correlates. These data suggest that the two traits are independently modulated or that a more complex and multifaceted approach is required to reveal their association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Stiemke
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Eric Sah
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Raven N Simpson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lynham J, Houry WA. The Multiple Functions of the PAQosome: An R2TP- and URI1 Prefoldin-Based Chaperone Complex. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1106:37-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00737-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
8
|
Goldsmith ZK, Coppess W, Irvine AS, Yuan K, Barsh SR, Ritter MK, McEwen MW, Flores-Otero J, Garcia-Vargas A, Martinez-Ferrer M, Brennan RC, Morales-Tirado VM, Wilson MW. Targeting the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-beta Stimulatory Circuitry to Control Retinoblastoma Seeds. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:4486-4495. [PMID: 30193324 PMCID: PMC6133233 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vitreous seeding remains the primary reason for treatment failure in eyes with retinoblastoma (Rb). Systemic and intra-arterial chemotherapy, each with its own inherent set of complications, have improved salvage rates for eyes with advanced disease, but the location and biology of vitreous seeds present a fundamental challenge in developing treatments with minimal toxicity and risk. The aim of this study was to target the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- PDGF-receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling pathway and investigate its role in the growth of Rb seeds, apoptotic activity, and invasive potential. Methods We performed ex vivo analyses on vitreous samples from Rb patients that underwent enucleation and from patient-derived xenografts. These samples were evaluated by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. The effects of disruption of the PDGF-PDGFRβ signaling pathway, both by pharmacologic and genomic knockdown approaches, were evaluated in vitro by cell proliferation and apoptotic assays, quantitative PCR analyses, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and imaging flow cytometry. A three-dimensional cell culture system was generated for in-depth study of Rb seeds. Results Our results demonstrated that PDGFRβ signaling is active in the vitreous of Rb patients and patient-derived xenografts, sustaining growth and survival in an AKT-, MDM2-, and NF-κB-dependent manner. The novel three-dimensional cell culture system mimics Rb seeds, as the in vitro generated spheroids have similar morphologic features to Rb seeds and mimicked their natural physiology. Conclusions Targeting the PDGFRβ pathway in vitro reduces Rb cell growth, survival, and invasiveness and could augment current therapies. This represents a novel signaling pathway for potential targeted therapy to further improve ocular survival in advanced Rb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K. Goldsmith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - William Coppess
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Andrew S. Irvine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kelley Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Samuel R. Barsh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Madison K. Ritter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina, United States
| | - Matthew W. McEwen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jacqueline Flores-Otero
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Aileen Garcia-Vargas
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Magaly Martinez-Ferrer
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico School of Pharmacy, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States
| | - Rachel C. Brennan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Vanessa M. Morales-Tirado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Matthew W. Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fang L, Huang T, Tsilfidis C. Immunopanning purification and culture of retinal ganglion cells from mouse. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 303:81-85. [PMID: 29474821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| | - Tianwen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
| | - Catherine Tsilfidis
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Systems genetics identifies a role for Cacna2d1 regulation in elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma susceptibility. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1755. [PMID: 29176626 PMCID: PMC5701146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multi-factorial blinding disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Elevated intraocular pressure is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and currently the only target for glaucoma therapy. Our study helps to better understand underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate intraocular pressure, and identifies a new candidate gene, Cacna2d1, that modulates intraocular pressure and a promising therapeutic, pregabalin, which binds to CACNA2D1 protein and lowers intraocular pressure significantly. Because our study utilizes a genetically diverse population of mice with known sequence variants, we are able to determine that the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of pregabalin is dependent on the Cacna2d1 haplotype. Using human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, evidence for association of a CACNA2D1 single-nucleotide polymorphism and primary open angle glaucoma is found. Importantly, these results demonstrate that our systems genetics approach represents an efficient method to identify genetic variation that can guide the selection of therapeutic targets. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma. Using forward mouse genetics, cell biology, pharmacology and human genetic data, the authors identify CACNA2D1 as an IOP risk gene that can be therapeutically targeted by the drug pregabalin in animal models.
Collapse
|
11
|
Webb AH, Gao BT, Goldsmith ZK, Irvine AS, Saleh N, Lee RP, Lendermon JB, Bheemreddy R, Zhang Q, Brennan RC, Johnson D, Steinle JJ, Wilson MW, Morales-Tirado VM. Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreases cellular migration, and angiogenesis in in vitro models of retinoblastoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:434. [PMID: 28633655 PMCID: PMC5477686 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. Local treatment of the intraocular disease is usually effective if diagnosed early; however advanced Rb can metastasize through routes that involve invasion of the choroid, sclera and optic nerve or more broadly via the ocular vasculature. Metastatic Rb patients have very high mortality rates. While current therapy for Rb is directed toward blocking tumor cell division and tumor growth, there are no specific treatments targeted to block Rb metastasis. Two such targets are matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2, -9), which degrade extracellular matrix as a prerequisite for cellular invasion and have been shown to be involved in other types of cancer metastasis. Cancer Clinical Trials with an anti-MMP-9 therapeutic antibody were recently initiated, prompting us to investigate the role of MMP-2, -9 in Rb metastasis. METHODS We compare MMP-2, -9 activity in two well-studied Rb cell lines: Y79, which exhibits high metastatic potential and Weri-1, which has low metastatic potential. The effects of inhibitors of MMP-2 (ARP100) and MMP-9 (AG-L-66085) on migration, angiogenesis, and production of immunomodulatory cytokines were determined in both cell lines using qPCR, and ELISA. Cellular migration and potential for invasion were evaluated by the classic wound-healing assay and a Boyden Chamber assay. RESULTS Our results showed that both inhibitors had differential effects on the two cell lines, significantly reducing migration in the metastatic Y79 cell line and greatly affecting the viability of Weri-1 cells. The MMP-9 inhibitor (MMP9I) AG-L-66085, diminished the Y79 angiogenic response. In Weri-1 cells, VEGF was significantly reduced and cell viability was decreased by both MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors. Furthermore, inhibition of MMP-2 significantly reduced secretion of TGF-β1 in both Rb models. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data indicates MMP-2 and MMP-9 drive metastatic pathways, including migration, viability and secretion of angiogenic factors in Rb cells. These two subtypes of matrix metalloproteinases represent new potential candidates for targeted anti-metastatic therapy for Rb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson H. Webb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Bradley T. Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Zachary K. Goldsmith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Andrew S. Irvine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Ryan P. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Justin B. Lendermon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Rajini Bheemreddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Rachel C. Brennan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Dianna Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Jena J. Steinle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Matthew W. Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Vanessa M. Morales-Tirado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave, Room 756, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chintalapudi SR, Jablonski MM. Systems Genetics Analysis to Identify the Genetic Modulation of a Glaucoma-Associated Gene. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1488:391-417. [PMID: 27933535 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6427-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is one of the hallmarks of retinal neurodegenerative diseases, glaucoma being one of the most common. Recently, γ-synuclein (SNCG) was shown to be highly expressed in the somas and axons of RGCs. In various mouse models of glaucoma, downregulation of Sncg gene expression correlates with RGC loss. To investigate the regulation of Sncg in RGCs, we used a systems genetics approach to identify a gene that modulates the expression of Sncg, followed by confirmatory studies in both healthy and diseased retinas. We found that chromosome 1 harbors an eQTL that modulates the expression of Sncg in the mouse retina and identified Pfdn2 as the candidate upstream modulator of Sncg expression. Downregulation of Pfdn2 in enriched RGCs causes a concomitant reduction in Sncg. In this chapter, we describe our strategy and methods for identifying and confirming a genetic modulation of a glaucoma-associated gene. A similar method can be applied to other genes expressed in other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumana R Chintalapudi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave., Suite 710, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave., Suite 710, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave., Suite 710, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Ave., Suite 710, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|