1
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Davis NK, Chionh YH, McBee ME, Hia F, Ma D, Cui L, Sharaf ML, Cai WM, Jumpathong W, Levine SS, Alonso S, Dedon PC. Facile metabolic reprogramming distinguishes mycobacterial adaptation to hypoxia and starvation: ketosis drives starvation-induced persistence in M. bovis BCG. Commun Biol 2024; 7:866. [PMID: 39009734 PMCID: PMC11250799 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria adapt to infection stresses by entering a reversible non-replicating persistence (NRP) with slow or no cell growth and broad antimicrobial tolerance. Hypoxia and nutrient deprivation are two well-studied stresses commonly used to model the NRP, yet little is known about the molecular differences in mycobacterial adaptation to these distinct stresses that lead to a comparable NRP phenotype. Here we performed a multisystem interrogation of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) starvation response, which revealed a coordinated metabolic shift away from the glycolysis of nutrient-replete growth to depletion of lipid stores, lipolysis, and fatty acid ß-oxidation in NRP. This contrasts with BCG's NRP hypoxia response involving a shift to cholesterol metabolism and triglyceride storage. Our analysis reveals cryptic metabolic vulnerabilities of the starvation-induced NRP state, such as their newfound hypersensitivity to H2O2. These observations pave the way for developing precision therapeutics against these otherwise drug refractory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick K Davis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yok Hian Chionh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- GenScript Biotech (Singapore) Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Megan E McBee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Hia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duanduan Ma
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liang Cui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariam Lucila Sharaf
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- BioNTech SE An der Goldgrube, Mainz, Germany
| | - Weiling Maggie Cai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- British High Commission, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Watthanachai Jumpathong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stuart S Levine
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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van der Klugt T, van den Biggelaar RHGA, Saris A. Host and bacterial lipid metabolism during tuberculosis infections: possibilities to synergise host- and bacteria-directed therapies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38916142 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2370979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, the most lethal infectious disease resulting in 1.3 million deaths annually. Treatments against Mtb are increasingly impaired by the growing prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance, which necessitates the development of new antibiotics or alternative therapeutic approaches. Upon infecting host cells, predominantly macrophages, Mtb becomes critically dependent on lipids as a source of nutrients. Additionally, Mtb produces numerous lipid-based virulence factors that contribute to the pathogen's ability to interfere with the host's immune responses and to create a lipid rich environment for itself. As lipids, lipid metabolism and manipulating host lipid metabolism play an important role for the virulence of Mtb, this review provides a state-of-the-art overview of mycobacterial lipid metabolism and concomitant role of host metabolism and host-pathogen interaction therein. While doing so, we will emphasize unexploited bacteria-directed and host-directed drug targets, and highlight potential synergistic drug combinations that hold promise for the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun van der Klugt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anno Saris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Degré G, Desjardins J, Garcia J, Vanderstraeten C, Wozniak J, Latifi A. [Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipases, new targets in the fight against tuberculosis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:497-500. [PMID: 35608476 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Degré
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jonas Desjardins
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Garcia
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Clément Vanderstraeten
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Wozniak
- Master 2 Microbiologie intégrative et fondamentale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Amel Latifi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB UMR, 7283, IMM, Marseille, France
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4
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Pharmacoengineered Lipid Core–Shell Nanoarchitectonics to Influence Human Alveolar Macrophages Uptake for Drug Targeting Against Tuberculosis. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Environment dependent expression of mycobacterium hormone sensitive lipases: expression pattern under ex-vivo and individual in-vitro stress conditions in M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4583-4593. [PMID: 35301657 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is a neutral lipase capable of hydrolysing various kinds of lipids. In comparison to single human Hormone Sensitive Lipase (hHSL), that is induced under nutritional stress, twelve serine hydrolases are annotated as HSL in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mHSL). Mycobacterium is exposed to multiple stresses inside the host. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate if mHSL are also expressed under stress condition and if there is any correlation between various stress conditions and expression pattern of mHSL. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression pattern of mHSL under different environmental conditions (in-vitro and ex-vivo) were studied using qRT-PCR in M. tuberculosis H37Ra strain with 16 S rRNA as internal control. Out of 12, only two genes (lipU and lipY) were expressed at very low level in mid log phase culture under aerobic conditions, while 9 genes were expressed at stationary phase of growth. Ten mHSLs were expressed post-infection under ex-vivo conditions in time dependent manner. LipH and lipQ did not express at any time point under ex-vivo condition. The relative expression of most of the genes under individual stress was much higher than observed in ex-vivo conditions. The expression pattern of genes varied with change in stress condition. CONCLUSIONS Different sets of mHSL genes were expressed under different individual stress conditions pointing towards the requirement of different mHSL to combat different stress conditions. Overall, most of the mHSLs have demonstrated stress dependent expression pointing towards their role in intracellular survival of mycobacteria.
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6
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Rivera-Calzada A, Famelis N, Llorca O, Geibel S. Type VII secretion systems: structure, functions and transport models. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:567-584. [PMID: 34040228 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type VII secretion systems (T7SSs) have a key role in the secretion of effector proteins in non-pathogenic mycobacteria and pathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria, still accounting for 1.4 million deaths annually, rely on paralogous T7SSs to survive in the host and efficiently evade its immune response. Although it is still unknown how effector proteins of T7SSs cross the outer membrane of the diderm mycobacterial cell envelope, recent advances in the structural characterization of these secretion systems have revealed the intricate network of interactions of conserved components in the plasma membrane. This structural information, added to recent advances in the molecular biology and regulation of mycobacterial T7SSs as well as progress in our understanding of their secreted effector proteins, is shedding light on the inner working of the T7SS machinery. In this Review, we highlight the implications of these studies and the derived transport models, which provide new scenarios for targeting the deathly human pathogen M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Rivera-Calzada
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nikolaos Famelis
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Biomedicine, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Geibel
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Biomedicine, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Mallick I, Santucci P, Poncin I, Point V, Kremer L, Cavalier JF, Canaan S. Intrabacterial lipid inclusions in mycobacteria: unexpected key players in survival and pathogenesis? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6283747. [PMID: 34036305 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rely on lipids to survive and chronically persist within their hosts. Upon infection, opportunistic and strict pathogenic mycobacteria exploit metabolic pathways to import and process host-derived free fatty acids, subsequently stored as triacylglycerols under the form of intrabacterial lipid inclusions (ILI). Under nutrient-limiting conditions, ILI constitute a critical source of energy that fuels the carbon requirements and maintain redox homeostasis, promoting bacterial survival for extensive periods of time. In addition to their basic metabolic functions, these organelles display multiple other biological properties, emphasizing their central role in the mycobacterial lifecycle. However, despite of their importance, the dynamics of ILI metabolism and their contribution to mycobacterial adaptation/survival in the context of infection has not been thoroughly documented. Herein, we provide an overview of the historical ILI discoveries, their characterization, and current knowledge regarding the micro-environmental stimuli conveying ILI formation, storage and degradation. We also review new biological systems to monitor the dynamics of ILI metabolism in extra- and intracellular mycobacteria and describe major molecular actors in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, maintenance and breakdown. Finally, emerging concepts regarding to the role of ILI in mycobacterial survival, persistence, reactivation, antibiotic susceptibility and inter-individual transmission are also discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Mallick
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Poncin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Vanessa Point
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRIM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
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8
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Laval T, Chaumont L, Demangel C. Not too fat to fight: The emerging role of macrophage fatty acid metabolism in immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:84-97. [PMID: 33559209 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While the existence of a special relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and host lipids has long been known, it remains a challenging enigma. It was clearly established that Mtb requires host fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol to produce energy, build its distinctive lipid-rich cell wall, and produce lipid virulence factors. It was also observed that in infected hosts, Mtb constantly resides in a FA-rich environment that the pathogen contributes to generate by inducing a lipid-laden "foamy" phenotype in host macrophages. These observations and the proximity between lipid droplets and phagosomes containing bacteria within infected macrophages gave rise to the hypothesis that Mtb reprograms host cell lipid metabolism to ensure a continuous supply of essential nutrients and its long-term persistence in vivo. However, recent studies question this principle by indicating that in Mtb-infected macrophages, lipid droplet formation prevents bacterial acquisition of host FAs while supporting the production of FA-derived protective lipid mediators. Further, in vivo investigations reveal discrete macrophage phenotypes linking the FA metabolisms of host cell and intracellular pathogen. Notably, FA storage within lipid droplets characterizes both macrophages controlling Mtb infection and dormant intracellular Mtb. In this review, we integrate findings from immunological and microbiological studies illustrating the new concept that cytoplasmic accumulation of FAs is a metabolic adaptation of macrophages to Mtb infection, which potentiates their antimycobacterial responses and forces the intracellular pathogen to shift into fat-saving, survival mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laval
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lise Chaumont
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
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9
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Tran HKR, Grebenc DW, Klein TA, Whitney JC. Bacterial type VII secretion: An important player in host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. Mol Microbiol 2021; 115:478-489. [PMID: 33410158 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type VII secretion systems (T7SSs) are poorly understood protein export apparatuses found in mycobacteria and many species of Gram-positive bacteria. To date, this pathway has predominantly been studied in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, where it has been shown to play an essential role in virulence; however, much less studied is an evolutionarily divergent subfamily of T7SSs referred to as the T7SSb. The T7SSb is found in the major Gram-positive phylum Firmicutes where it was recently shown to target both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, suggesting a dual role for this pathway in host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. In this review, we compare the current understanding of the molecular architectures and substrate repertoires of the well-studied mycobacterial T7SSa systems to that of recently characterized T7SSb pathways and highlight how these differences may explain the observed biological functions of this understudied protein export machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Ki R Tran
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dirk W Grebenc
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy A Klein
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John C Whitney
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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10
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Xie Y, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zhang XL. PE_PGRS: Vital proteins in promoting mycobacterial survival and modulating host immunity and metabolism. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13290. [PMID: 33217152 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), is the leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. One of the key reasons for M. tb pathogenesis is the capability of M. tb to evade immune elimination and survive in macrophage, eventually causing chronic infection. However the pathogenicity mechanism of M. tb is not unclear yet, and thus diagnosis and therapy for TB remains a challenge. The genome of M. tb, encodes a unique protein family known as the PGRS family, with largely unexplored functions. Recently, an increasing number of reports have shown that the PE_PGRS proteins play critical roles in bacterial pathogenesis and immune evasion. The PE_PGRS protein family, characterized by a special N-terminal PE (Pro (P)-Glu (E) motif) domain and a C-terminal PGRS (Polymorphic GC-rich Repetitive Sequences) domain, is restricted mainly to pathogenic mycobacteria. Here we summarize current literature on the PE_PGRS as vital proteins in promoting bacterial survival and modulating host immunity, cell death and metabolism. We also highlight the potential of PE_PGRS as novel targets of anti-mycobacterial interventions for TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Allergy Zhongnan Hospital, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Allergy Zhongnan Hospital, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Allergy Zhongnan Hospital, Department of Immunology Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
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11
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Cavalier JF, Spilling CD, Durand T, Camoin L, Canaan S. Lipolytic enzymes inhibitors: A new way for antibacterial drugs discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112908. [PMID: 33071055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) still remains the deadliest infectious disease worldwide with 1.5 million deaths in 2018, of which about 15% are attributed to resistant strains. Another significant example is Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus), a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) responsible for cutaneous and pulmonary infections, representing up to 95% of NTM infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. M. abscessus is a new clinically relevant pathogen and is considered one of the most drug-resistant mycobacteria for which standardized chemotherapeutic regimens are still lacking. Together the emergence of M. tb and M. abscessus multi-drug resistant strains with ineffective and expensive therapeutics, have paved the way to the development of new classes of anti-mycobacterial agents offering additional therapeutic options. In this context, specific inhibitors of mycobacterial lipolytic enzymes represent novel and promising antibacterial molecules to address this challenging issue. The results highlighted here include a complete overview of the antibacterial activities, either in broth medium or inside infected macrophages, of two families of promising and potent anti-mycobacterial multi-target agents, i.e. oxadiazolone-core compounds (OX) and Cyclophostin & Cyclipostins analogs (CyC); the identification and biochemical validation of their effective targets (e.g., the antigen 85 complex and TesA playing key roles in mycolic acid metabolism) together with their respective crystal structures. To our knowledge, these are the first families of compounds able to target and impair replicating as well as intracellular bacteria. We are still impelled in deciphering their mode of action and finding new potential therapeutic targets against mycobacterial-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Cavalier
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de La Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France.
| | - Christopher D Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, United States
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Camoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ., INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, LISM, Institut de Microbiologie de La Méditerranée FR3479, Marseille, France.
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12
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Shen L, Viljoen A, Villaume S, Joe M, Halloum I, Chêne L, Méry A, Fabre E, Takegawa K, Lowary TL, Vincent SP, Kremer L, Guérardel Y, Mariller C. The endogenous galactofuranosidase GlfH1 hydrolyzes mycobacterial arabinogalactan. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5110-5123. [PMID: 32107309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive progress made over the past 20 years in our understanding of mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) biogenesis, the mechanisms by which the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis adapts its cell wall structure and composition to various environmental conditions, especially during infection, remain poorly understood. Being the central portion of the mAGP complex, arabinogalactan (AG) is believed to be the constituent of the mycobacterial cell envelope that undergoes the least structural changes, but no reports exist supporting this assumption. Herein, using recombinantly expressed mycobacterial protein, bioinformatics analyses, and kinetic and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that the AG can be remodeled by a mycobacterial endogenous enzyme. In particular, we found that the mycobacterial GlfH1 (Rv3096) protein exhibits exo-β-d-galactofuranose hydrolase activity and is capable of hydrolyzing the galactan chain of AG by recurrent cleavage of the terminal β-(1,5) and β-(1,6)-Galf linkages. The characterization of this galactosidase represents a first step toward understanding the remodeling of mycobacterial AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004 - CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Sydney Villaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organic (CBO), Université de Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Maju Joe
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Iman Halloum
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004 - CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Loïc Chêne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organic (CBO), Université de Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Méry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeline Fabre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Stéphane P Vincent
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organic (CBO), Université de Namur, rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), UMR9004 - CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.,INSERM, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Mariller
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 - UGSF - Unit[c33c]zpi;● de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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13
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Ali MK, Zhen G, Nzungize L, Stojkoska A, Duan X, Li C, Duan W, Xu J, Xie J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE31 ( Rv3477) Attenuates Host Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Recombinant M. smegmatis Intracellular Survival via Up-regulating GTPase Guanylate Binding Protein-1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:40. [PMID: 32117813 PMCID: PMC7020884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis comprising proline–glutamic acid (PE) subfamily proteins associate with virulence, pathogenesis, and host-immune modulations. While the functions of most of this family members are not yet explored. Here, we explore the functions of “PE only” subfamily member PE31 (Rv3477) in virulence and host-pathogen interactions. We have expressed the M. tuberculosis PE31 in non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis strain (Ms_PE31) and demonstrated that PE31 significantly altered the cell facet features including colony morphology and biofilm formation. PE31 expressing M. smegmatis showed more resistant to the low pH, diamide, H2O2 and surface stress. Moreover, Ms_PE31 showed higher intracellular survival in macrophage THP-1 cells. Ms_PE31 significantly down-regulated the production of IL-12p40 and IL-6, while up-regulates the production of IL-10 in macrophages. Ms_PE31 also induced the expression of guanylate-binding protein-1 (GBP-1) in macrophages. Further analysis demonstrates that Ms_PE31 inhibits the caspase-3 activation and reduces the macrophages apoptosis. Besides, the NF-κB signaling pathway involves the interplay between Ms_PE31 and macrophages. Collectively, our finding identified that PE31 act as a functionally relevant virulence factor of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kaisar Ali
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong Zhen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lambert Nzungize
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Andrea Stojkoska
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangke Duan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Duan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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