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Yang W, Wang S, Tong S, Zhang WD, Qin JJ. Expanding the ubiquitin code in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166884. [PMID: 37704111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental regulatory mechanism in cells, vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis, compiling signaling transduction, and determining cell fates. These biological processes require the coordinated signal cascades of UPS members, including ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, deubiquitinases, and proteasomes, to ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination on substrates. Recent studies indicate that ubiquitination code rewriting is particularly prominent in pancreatic cancer. High frequency mutation or aberrant hyperexpression of UPS members dysregulates ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, and metabolic rewiring processes and contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, immune evasion, and acquired drug resistance. We conduct an in-depth overview of ubiquitination process in pancreatic cancer, highlighting the role of ubiquitin code in tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressor pathways. Furthermore, we review current UPS modulators and analyze the potential of UPS modulators as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shiqun Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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2
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Du X, Yi X, Zou X, Chen Y, Tai Y, Ren X, He X. PCDH1, a poor prognostic biomarker and potential target for pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastatic therapy. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1102. [PMID: 37957639 PMCID: PMC10642060 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is an aggressive solid tumour characterised by few early symptoms, high mortality, and lack of effective treatment. Therefore, it is important to identify new potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers of PAAD. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases were used to identify the expression and prognostic model of protocadherin 1 (PCDH1). The prognostic performance of risk factors and diagnosis of patients with PAAD were evaluated by regression analysis, nomogram, and receiver operating characteristic curve. Paraffin sections were collected from patients for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The expression of PCDH1 in cells obtained from primary tumours or metastatic biopsies was identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were used to verify PCDH1 expression levels and the inhibitory effects of the compounds. RESULTS The RNA and protein levels of PCDH1 were significantly higher in PAAD cells than in normal pancreatic ductal cells, similar to those observed in tissue sections from patients with PAAD. Aberrant methylation of the CpG site cg19767205 and micro-RNA (miRNA) hsa-miR-124-1 may be important reasons for the high PCDH1 expression in PAAD. Up-regulated PCDH1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell metastasis. The RNA levels of PCDH1 were significantly down-regulated following flutamide treatment. Flutamide reduced the percentage of PCDH1 RNA level in PAAD cells Panc-0813 to < 50%. In addition, the PCDH1 protein was significantly down-regulated after Panc-0813 cells were incubated with 20 µM flutamide and proves to be a potential therapeutic intervention for PAAD. CONCLUSION PCDH1 is a key prognostic biomarker and promoter of PAAD metastasis. Additionally, flutamide may serve as a novel compound that down-regulates PCDH1 expression as a potential treatment for combating PAAD progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Du
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing, 314002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
- Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing, 314002, China
| | - Xiaocui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
- Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing, 314002, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Pathology, No.307 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xuhong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xinhua He
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Nanhu Laboratory, Jiaxing, 314002, China.
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Domentean S, Paisana E, Cascão R, Faria CC. Role of UBE2C in Brain Cancer Invasion and Dissemination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15792. [PMID: 37958776 PMCID: PMC10650073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) and brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumors in adults and are invariably associated with a dismal outcome. These highly malignant tumors share common features including increased invasion and migration of the primary or metastatic brain cancer cells, whose triggering mechanisms are largely unknown. Emerging evidence has suggested that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C), essential for controlling cell cycle progression, is overexpressed in diverse malignancies, including brain cancer. This review highlights the crucial role of UBE2C in brain tumorigenesis and its association with higher proliferative phenotype and histopathological grade, with autophagy and apoptosis suppression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration, and dissemination. High expression of UBE2C has been associated with patients' poor prognosis and drug resistance. UBE2C has also been proven as a promising therapeutic target, despite the lack of specific inhibitors. Thus, there is a need to further explore the role of UBE2C in malignant brain cancer and to develop effective targeted therapies for patients with this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Domentean
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício Egas Moniz, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (E.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Eunice Paisana
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício Egas Moniz, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (E.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Rita Cascão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício Egas Moniz, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (E.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Claudia C. Faria
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício Egas Moniz, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (S.D.); (E.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Neurocirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Shi G, Hu Y. TNFR1 and TNFR2, Which Link NF-κB Activation, Drive Lung Cancer Progression, Cell Dedifferentiation, and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4299. [PMID: 37686574 PMCID: PMC10487001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFR1 and TNFR2, encoded by TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, respectively, are the most well-characterized members among the TNFR superfamily. TNFR1 is expressed in most cell types, while TNFR2 has been reported to be preferentially expressed in leukocytes. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide but TNFRs' activities in lung cancer development have not been fully evaluated. Recently, overexpressed TNFR1 was reported in a large proportion of human lung squamous cell carcinomas. Increased TNFR1 coupled with increased UBCH10 caused lung SCC cell dedifferentiation with epithelial-mesenchymal transition features and the metastasis in a combined spontaneous lung SCC and TNFR1 transgenic mouse model. UBCH10, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that is an oncogene, increased Sox2, c-Myc, Twist1, and Bcl2 levels. Increased TNFR1 upregulated UBCH10 expression by activating c-Rel and p65 NF-κB. Lung SCC patients overexpressing TNFRSF1A and one of these target genes died early compared to lung SCC patients expressing lower levels of these genes. Recently, we also revealed that TNFR2 was required for lung adenocarcinoma progression, delivering a signaling pathway of TNF/TNFR2/NF-κB-c-Rel, in which macrophage-produced ROS and TNF converted CD4 T cells to Foxp3 Treg cells, generating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promoting lung ADC progression. In human lung ADC cohorts, TNFRSF1B expression was highly correlated with TNF, FOXP3, and CD4 expression. Of note, TNF stimulated the activities of TNFR1 and TNFR2, two membrane-binding receptors, which accelerate tumorigenesis through diverse mechanisms. This review focuses on these new findings regarding the roles of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in lung SCC and ADC development in humans and mice, and highlights the potential therapeutic targets of human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yinling Hu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
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5
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Ji L, Piao L, Gu X, Xiao F, Hua Q, Wu J. Silencing PARP-1 binding protein Inhibits Cell Migration and Invasion via Suppressing UBE2C in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022; 102:NP161-NP168. [PMID: 36576436 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221134408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with a 2 per 100 000 incidence rate in the world. Overall survival (OS) of patients in stage I-II disease is around 80%, whereas OS of patients in stage III-IVB disease drops to 60%, implying the importance of diagnosis to reduce NPC mortality. However, more than 70% patients of NPC were diagnosed at advanced stages (stage III and IV) in clinics, and it definitely contributes to little substantial improvement in the 5-year survival rates although NPC is sensitive to radio-and chemotherapy. Hence, development of novel biomarkers and targetable genes in NPC is eagerly awaited. METHODS We had analyzed the dataset GSE12452 and found hundreds of genes trans-activated in NPC. Among them, this study focused on PARP-1 binding protein (PARPBP) whose overexpression was also validated in GSE13597 and GSE53819 datasets. RESULTS Knockdown of PARPBP significantly reduced cell viability in NPC and also identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes including 377 downregulated and 518 upregulated genes in HONE-1 cells with stably knockdown PARPBP. Furthermore, PARPBP might promote cell migration and invasion in NPC through positive regulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the aberrant expression of PARPBP in NPC, and imply its importance in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis which further opens up the possibility of PARPBP as a novel diagnostic biomarker for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 12461The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, 105810Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 12461The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 12461The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qingquan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 117921Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 12461The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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A TNFR1-UBCH10 axis drives lung squamous cell carcinoma dedifferentiation and metastasis through a cell-autonomous signaling loop. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:885. [PMID: 36270982 PMCID: PMC9587052 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), encoded by TNFRSF1A, is a critical transducer of inflammatory pathways, but its physiological role in human cancer is not completely understood. Here, we observed high expression of TNFR1 in many human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) samples and in spontaneous lung SCCs derived from kinase-dead Ikkα knock-in (KA/KA) mice. Knocking out Tnfrf1a in KA/KA mice blocked lung SCC formation. When injected via tail vein, KALLU+ lung SCC cells that highly expressed TNFR1/TNF, Sox2, c-Myc, Twist1, Bcl2, and UBCH10, generated dedifferentiated spindle cell carcinomas with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in mouse lungs. In contrast, KALLU+ cells with silenced TNFR1 and KALLU- cells that expressed low levels of TNFR1 generated well-differentiated lung SCCs and were less tumorigenic and metastatic. We identified a downstream effector of TNFR1: oncogenic UBCH10, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme with targets including Twist1, c-Myc, and Sox2, which enhanced SCC cell dedifferentiation. Furthermore, Tg-K5.TNFR1;KA/KA mice, which expressed transgenic TNFR1 in keratin 5-positve epithelial cells, developed more poorly differentiated and metastatic lung SCCs than those found in KA/KA mice. These findings demonstrate that an overexpressed TNFR1-UBCH10 axis advances lung carcinogenesis and metastasis through a dedifferentiation mechanism. Constituents in this pathway may contribute to the development of differentiation-related therapies for lung SCC.
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7
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Huo J, Li J, Liu Y, Yang L, Cao X, Zhao C, Lu Y, Zhou W, Li S, Liu J, Li J, Li X, Wan J, Wen R, Zhen M, Wang C, Bai C. Amphiphilic Aminated Derivatives of [60]Fullerene as Potent Inhibitors of Tumor Growth and Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201541. [PMID: 36031401 PMCID: PMC9561876 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Malignant proliferation and metastasis are the hallmarks of cancer cells. Aminated [70]fullerene exhibits notable antineoplastic effects, promoting it a candidate for multi-targeted cancer drugs. It is an urgent need to reveal the structure-activity relationship for antineoplastic aminated fullerenes. Herein, three amphiphilic derivatives of [60]fullerene with clarified molecular structures are synthesized: TAPC-4, TAPC-3, and TCPC-4. TAPC-4 inhibits the proliferation of diverse tumor cells via G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and abrogates the high mobility of tumor cells. TAPC-4 can be excreted from the organism and achieves an in vivo inhibition index of 75.5% in tumor proliferation and 87.5% in metastatic melanoma with a wide safety margin. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the amphiphilic molecular structure and the ending amino groups promote the targeting of TAPC-4 to heat shock protein Hsp90-beta, vimentin, and myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), probably resulting in the alteration of cyclin D1 translation, vimentin expression, and MYH9 location, respectively. This work initially emphasizes the dominant role of the amphiphilic structure and the terminal amino moieties in the antineoplastic effects of aminated fullerenes, providing fundamental support for their anti-tumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Huo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Libin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xinran Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chong Zhao
- School of PharmacyGuizhou Medical UniversityGuian New DistrictGuizhou550025China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Shumu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jianan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Xing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jing Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Rui Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Mingming Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Chunli Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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RPNs Levels Are Prognostic and Diagnostic Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7270541. [PMID: 36072976 PMCID: PMC9444382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7270541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ribophorin family (RPN) is an essential regulatory subunit of the proteasome. By influencing the ubiquitin-proteasome system activity, ribophorins (RPNs) are responsible for almost all physiology and pathology processes of mammalian cells. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of RPNs in HCC. In this work, we first evaluated the transcriptional levels and the prognostic and diagnostic value of RPNs based on the public database. Firstly, we found all RPNs were surprisingly consistently upregulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, the RPNs' expression pattern is correlated with HCC tumor grade. The TCGA HCC platforms' data indicated that RPN2, RPN3, RPN6, RPN9, RPN10, RPN11, and RPN12 have robust diagnosis values. Then, survival analysis revealed that the high expression of RPN1, RPN2, RPN4, RPN5, RPN6, RPN9, and RPN11 was correlated with unfavourable HCC overall survival. Then, genetic alteration, immune infiltration feature, gene-genes network, and functional enrichment for RPNs indicated that RPNs have many potential biosynthesis activities expert for UPS functions. Moreover, western blot and qRT-PCR results confirmed these results. The silencing of RPN6 and RPN9 significantly reduced HCC cells' proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in vitro. An in vivo tumor model further validated the oncogene effect of RPN6 on HCC cell growth. Moreover, RPN6 and RPN9 could promote cell migratory and invasive potential by affecting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In summary, this study suggests that the RPN family has the potential to be potential biomarkers and targets for HCC.
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Wei R, Zhang H, Cao J, Qin D, Li S, Deng W. Sample-Specific Perturbation of Gene Interactions Identifies Pancreatic Cancer Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4792. [PMID: 35563183 PMCID: PMC9099782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal disease and an increasing common cause of cancer mortality. Mounting evidence now indicates that molecular heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer significantly impacts its clinical features. However, the dynamic nature of gene expression pattern makes it difficult to rely solely on gene expression alterations to estimate disease status. By contrast, biological networks tend to be more stable over time under different situations. In this study, we used a gene interaction network from a new point of view to explore the subtypes of pancreatic cancer based on individual-specific edge perturbations calculated by relative gene expression value. Our study shows that pancreatic cancer patients from the TCGA database could be separated into four subtypes based on gene interaction perturbations at the individual level. The new network-based subtypes of pancreatic cancer exhibited substantial heterogeneity in many aspects, including prognosis, phenotypic traits, genetic mutations, the abundance of infiltrating immune cell, and predictive therapeutic efficacy (chemosensitivity and immunotherapy efficacy). The new network-based subtypes were closely related to previous reported molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. This work helps us to better understand the heterogeneity and mechanisms of pancreatic cancer from a network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfengdong Road 651, Guangzhou 510060, China; (R.W.); (J.C.); (D.Q.)
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Pharm-X Center, Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfengdong Road 651, Guangzhou 510060, China; (R.W.); (J.C.); (D.Q.)
| | - Dailei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfengdong Road 651, Guangzhou 510060, China; (R.W.); (J.C.); (D.Q.)
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfengdong Road 651, Guangzhou 510060, China; (R.W.); (J.C.); (D.Q.)
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Dongfengdong Road 651, Guangzhou 510060, China; (R.W.); (J.C.); (D.Q.)
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10
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Qi S, Guan X, Zhang J, Yu D, Yu X, Li Q, Yin W, Cheng XD, Zhang W, Qin JJ. Targeting E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c by small molecule inhibitor suppresses pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35272681 PMCID: PMC8908661 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The IAPs function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and contribute to pancreatic cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Although IAP-targeted therapies have been developed and shown anticancer efficacy in preclinical settings, none of them has been approved yet. METHODS Transcriptome data from public datasets were used to analyze the correlation of IAPs and E2s, and the biological function of E2 UbcH5c in pancreatic cancer. A structure-based virtual screen was used to identify UbcH5c inhibitor, and surface plasmon resonance analysis and cellular thermal shift assays were employed to evaluate the binding affinity. The anticancer activities were demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo assays, while the related mechanisms were explored through transcriptomic and proteomic analyses and confirmed by western blot, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS UbcH5c is positively correlated with the expression of IAPs in pancreatic cancer. We further found that UbcH5c is overexpressed and associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. We identified a small-molecule UbcH5c inhibitor, termed DHPO, which directly bound to UbcH5c protein. DHPO inhibited cell viability and colony formation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. The compound inhibited UbcH5c-mediated IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation, which is critical for its anticancer activity. Furthermore, DHPO suppressed the tumor growth and metastasis in two orthotopic pancreatic tumor mouse models. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that inhibiting UbcH5c is a novel and effective strategy for treating pancreatic cancer and DHPO represents a new class of UbcH5c inhibitor and may be further developed as an anti-pancreatic cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Qi
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Dehua Yu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjuan Yin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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11
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Pan-Cancer Analyses of the Tumor Microenvironment Reveal That Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2C Might Be a Potential Immunotherapy Target. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9250207. [PMID: 34950739 PMCID: PMC8689232 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9250207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) played a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) was differentially expressed in many cancer types. However, the immunological and prognostic roles of UBE2C were unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 29 cancer types were downloaded from GEPIA2 and 4 cancer types failed to download owing to no DEGs. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles, mutation data, and survival data of 33 cancer types were obtained from UCSC Xena. Clinical stage relevance, tumor mutational burden (TMB), TME relevance analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of DEGs in 33 cancer types were performed. And DEGs were identified in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by biological experiments. Previous studies indicated that UBE2C was related to the prognosis of many cancers. In our study, the higher UBE2C expression level meant a terminal clinical stage in 8 cancer types and the expression level of UBE2C was related to TMB in 20 cancer types. In addition, both immune relevance analysis and GSEA showed that UBE2C might participate in immune response in many cancers. Furthermore, the UBE2C mRNA level and protein level were all identified as upregulated in OSCC cell lines and tissues. UBE2C was differentially expressed in many cancer types and related to the pathogenesis and TME of many cancers, which might be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker.
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12
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Jiang L, Guo T, Jiang Y, Liu P, Bai Y. Dauricine inhibits human pancreatic carcinoma cell proliferation through regulating miRNAs. Mol Omics 2021; 17:630-640. [PMID: 34184018 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00156f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant digestive tract tumors with the worst prognosis. Dauricine (Dau) can inhibit the proliferation of the pancreatic cancer cell line, and has the potential to be used as an adjuvant drug against pancreatic cancer; however, the working mechanism of Dau has not been elucidated. To unravel the effects and mechanisms of Dau on proteins and metabolic pathways, we evaluated the mRNA and microRNA expression in BxPC3 cells treated with Dau. The differences in the gene expression were compared using principal component analysis using mRNA and miRNA data to detect and analyze the sample discrimination. 187 miRNA and 907 mRNA that were significantly differentially expressed were identified using Python programming. On comparing genes and miRNAs in the DISEASES database, 79 known miRNA and 47 mRNA were found to be affected by Dau. The up-regulated and down-regulated genes were annotated with GO biological processes to determine the functional effect. Interactions between mRNA and mRNA were analyzed using the STRING database and the miRBase database was queried to obtain experimentally verified interactions between miRNA and mRNA as edges of miRNA and mRNA in the network. Finally, 413 sites and 2125 sides of the network were obtained, including 1 up-regulated and 18 down-regulated miRNAs. The expression of 19 miRNAs was identified by qPCR. The analysis of the protein-protein interaction network, using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in of cytoscape, helped in identifying 12 important sub-networks. Most subnets are indirectly or directly related to specific miRNAs. This study provides evidence for the anticancer effect of Dau as a potential anticancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- School Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
| | - Tianzhu Guo
- School Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Jiang
- School Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Liu
- School Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Bai
- School Basic Medical Science, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China.
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13
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Wang Y, Shi F, Tao R, Wu J, Gu J, Yang R, Wu S. The Relationship Between UBE2C and AGGF1 Overexpression and Tumor Angiogenesis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5919-5930. [PMID: 34354374 PMCID: PMC8331115 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s320393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor infiltration and metastasis are the leading causes of death for patients with tumors. Angiogenesis is a prerequisite for tumor growth and metastasis. Angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 (AGGF1) is an angiogenic factor, whereas ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) functions in protein ubiquitination. Microvessel density (MVD) is the most common indicator of tumor microvessels, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) facilitates blood supply to tumors. This study explored UBE2C and AGGF1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their relationship with angiogenesis and prognosis to identify biological factors that might predict NSCLC infiltration, metastasis, and prognosis. Methods The specimens and clinical pathological data of patients with NSCLC confirmed by pathology after surgical resection between January 2013 and December 2015 were collected. UBE2C and AGGF1 expression, as well as microvessel formation and VM in NSCLC, was observed using immunohistochemistry. The relationships between UBE2C, AGGF1, MVD, VM, and clinical pathological parameters and their relationships with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Results UBE2C and AGGF1 levels in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding normal tissues (57.1% vs 15.6 and 59.7% vs 25.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). UBE2C, AGGF1, MVD, and VM were positively correlated with each other (P < 0.05) and were all related to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patient OS and DFS in the UBE2C, AGGF1, VM-positive, and high-MVD groups were reduced (all P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that UBE2C, AGGF1, VM, and MVD were independent risk factors for NSCLC prognosis. Conclusion UBE2C and AGGF1 overexpression is associated with angiogenesis and poor prognosis and may be important for predicting NSCLC invasion, metastasis, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Pan B, Yin S, Peng F, Liu C, Liang H, Su J, Hsiao WLW, Cai Y, Luo D, Xia C. Vorinostat targets UBE2C to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition and control cervical cancer growth through the ubiquitination pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174399. [PMID: 34331954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that was demonstrated in our previous study to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanism of vorinostat in cervical cancer treatment remains to be further elucidated. A nude mouse xenograft model was established to analyze the antitumor effect of vorinostat in vivo. The combination of iTRAQ-based proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to identify potential targets for cancer chemotherapy. In this study, 254 differentially expressed proteins in vorinostat-treated cervical cancer cells, among which 180 were upregulated and 74 were downregulated, were identified by using an iTRAQ-based proteomic strategy. Subsequent bioinformatic and PRM analysis of these differentially expressed proteins indicated that UBE2C is a promising target of vorinostat in the inhibition of cervical cancer cell proliferation. We confirmed that the expression of endogenous UBE2C in cervical cancer cell lines was significantly higher than that in normal cervical epithelial cell lines. Additionally, we found that vorinostat downregulated the expression of UBE2C, SQSTM1/p62, N-cadherin, vimentin and upregulated E-cadherin in SiHa and HeLa cells. Our results also showed that vorinostat can downregulate the expression of SQSTM1/p62, N-cadherin, and vimentin during the treatment of cervical cancer cells by regulating UBE2C, while upregulating the expression of E-cadherin. In conclusion, vorinostat reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting UBE2C and controls the proliferation of cervical cancer cells through the ubiquitination pathway. UBE2C can be used as a promising target for the development of vorinostat treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Pan
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Shuanghong Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Huiyi Liang
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiyan Su
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - W L Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yantao Cai
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Dixian Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Guangdong, 518000, China.
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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15
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Du X, Song H, Shen N, Hua R, Yang G. The Molecular Basis of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes (E2s) as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073440. [PMID: 33810518 PMCID: PMC8037234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are one of the three enzymes required by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to connect activated ubiquitin to target proteins via ubiquitin ligases. E2s determine the connection type of the ubiquitin chains, and different types of ubiquitin chains regulate the stability and activity of substrate proteins. Thus, E2s participate in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. In recent years, the importance of E2s in human health and diseases has been particularly emphasized. Studies have shown that E2s are dysregulated in variety of cancers, thus it might be a potential therapeutic target. However, the molecular basis of E2s as a therapeutic target has not been described systematically. We reviewed this issue from the perspective of the special position and role of E2s in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the structure of E2s and biological processes they are involved in. In addition, the inhibitors and microRNAs targeting E2s are also summarized. This article not only provides a direction for the development of effective drugs but also lays a foundation for further study on this enzyme in the future.
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16
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Elango R, Vishnubalaji R, Shaath H, Alajez NM. Molecular subtyping and functional validation of TTK, TPX2, UBE2C, and LRP8 in sensitivity of TNBC to paclitaxel. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 20:601-614. [PMID: 33665229 PMCID: PMC7899947 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients exhibit variable responses to chemotherapy, suggesting an underlying molecular heterogeneity. In the current study, we analyzed publicly available transcriptome data from 360 TNBC and 88 normal breast tissues, which revealed activation of nucleosome and cell cycle as the hallmarks of TNBC. Mechanistic network analysis identified activation of FOXM1 and ERBB2, and suppression of TP53 and NURP1 networks in TNBC. Employing Iterative Clustering and Guide-gene Selection (ICGS), Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), and dimensionality reduction analyses, we classified TNBC into seven molecular subtypes, each exhibiting a unique molecular signature, including immune infiltration (CD19, CD8, and macrophages) and mesenchymal signature, which correlated with variable disease outcomes in a larger cohort (1,070) of BC. Mechanistically, depletion of TTK, TPX2, UBE2C, CDCA7, MELK, NFE2L3, DDX39A, and LRP8 led to substantial inhibition of colony formation of TNBC models, which was further enhanced in the presence of paclitaxel. Our data provide novel insights into the molecular heterogeneity of TNBC and identified TTK, TPX2, UBE2C, and LRP8 as main drivers of TNBC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Elango
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar
| | - Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar
| | - Hibah Shaath
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar.,College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha 00000, Qatar.,College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
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17
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Zhou JN, Rautio TC, Liu C, Xu XY, Wang DQ, Guo Y, Eriksson J, Zhang H. Delivery of Protein Kinase A by CRISPRMAX and Its Effects on Breast Cancer Stem-Like Properties. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:E11. [PMID: 33374889 PMCID: PMC7824330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) activation has recently been reported to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) ability, which is considered to be responsible for chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in patients. While current studies mainly focus on gene manipulation of the EMT process, the direct delivery of PKA enzymes to cancer cells has never been investigated. Here, we utilize the commercial Lipofectamine CRISPRMAX reagent to directly deliver PKAs to breast cancer cells and evaluate its effects on EMT regulation. We optimized the delivery parameters with fluorescent-labeled bovine serum albumin, and successfully delivered fluorescent PKAs through CRISPRMAX into breast cancer cells. Then, we evaluated the biological effects by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, mammosphere assay, and chemoresistance assay. Our data showed the expression of EMT-related markers, α-smooth muscle actin and N-cadherin, was downregulated after CRISPRMAX-PKA treatment. Although the CD44+/CD24- population did not change considerably, the size of mammospheres significantly decreased. In paclitaxel and doxorubicin chemoresistance assays, we noticed PKA delivery significantly inhibited paclitaxel resistance rather than doxorubicin resistance. Taken together, these results suggest our direct enzyme delivery can be a potential strategy for inhibiting EMT/CSC-associated traits, providing a safer approach and having more clinical translational efficacy than gene manipulation. This strategy will also facilitate the direct testing of other target enzymes/proteins on their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nian Zhou
- Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China;
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (T.-C.R.); (C.L.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tzu-Chen Rautio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (T.-C.R.); (C.L.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Chang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (T.-C.R.); (C.L.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (T.-C.R.); (C.L.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Dong-Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China;
| | - Yong Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (T.-C.R.); (C.L.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission for Male Reproductive Health, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - John Eriksson
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; (T.-C.R.); (C.L.); (X.-Y.X.)
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Center, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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18
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Zhang ZM, Wang JS, Zulfiqar H, Lv H, Dao FY, Lin H. Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Combining Relative Expression Orderings With Machine-Learning Method. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582864. [PMID: 33178697 PMCID: PMC7593596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer deeply affecting human health. Diagnosing early-stage PDAC is the key point to PDAC patients' survival. However, the biomarkers for diagnosing early PDAC are inexact in most cases. Therefore, it is highly desirable to identify an effective PDAC diagnostic biomarker. In the current work, we designed a novel computational approach based on within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs). A feature selection technique called minimum redundancy maximum relevance was used to pick out optimal REOs. We then compared the performances of different classification algorithms for discriminating PDAC and its adjacent normal tissues from non-PDAC tissues. The support vector machine algorithm is the best one for identifying early PDAC diagnostic biomarker. At first, a signature composed of nine gene pairs was acquired from microarray gene expression data sets. These gene pairs could produce satisfactory classification accuracy up to 97.53% in fivefold cross-validation. Subsequently, two types of data from diverse platforms, namely, microarray and RNA-Seq, were used to validate this signature. For microarray data, all (100.00%) of 115 PDAC tissues and all (100.00%) of 31 PDAC adjacent normal tissues were correctly recognized as PDAC. In addition, 88.24% of 17 non-PDAC (normal or pancreatitis) tissues were correctly classified. For the RNA-Seq data, all (100.00%) of 177 PDAC tissues and all (100.00%) of 4 PDAC adjacent normal tissues were correctly recognized as PDAC. Validation results demonstrated that the signature had a good cross-platform effect for early detection of PDAC. This work developed a new robust signature that might be a promising biomarker for early PDAC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hasan Zulfiqar
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Lv
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu-Ying Dao
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Key Laboratory for Neuro-Information of Ministry of Education, Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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19
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Liu PF, Chen CF, Shu CW, Chang HM, Lee CH, Liou HH, Ger LP, Chen CL, Kang BH. UBE2C is a Potential Biomarker for Tumorigenesis and Prognosis in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090674. [PMID: 32899896 PMCID: PMC7555092 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) involves in numerous cellular processes and the tumor progression in many cancers. However, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the role and clinical significance of UBE2C in OSCC. The expression levels of UBE2C were examined by immunohistochemistry in 185 buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinomas, 247 tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs) and 75 lip squamous cell carcinomas. The roles of UBE2C in cell growth, invasion/migration and cancer stemness were also examined in OSCC cells. The expression levels of UBE2C protein were higher in tumor tissues than they were in the corresponding tumor adjacent normal tissues from OSCC patients. Higher UBE2C expression was associated with poor cell differentiation and lymph node invasion in OSCC patients. High UBE2C expression was also correlated with shorter disease-specific survival in TSCC patients having poor cell differentiation, advanced pathological stages, lymph node metastasis as well as receiving radiation therapy. Compared to control cells, OSCC cells in which UBE2C was silenced showed decreased cell proliferation, migration/invasion and colony formation and they exhibited lower expression levels of the following cancer stemness markers—ALDH1/A2, CD44, CD166 and EpCAM. High co-expression levels of UBE2C/CD44, UBE2C/CD166 and UBE2C/EpCAM were associated with poor prognosis in oral cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Our findings indicated that UBE2C might be a potential biomarker for tumorigenesis and prognosis in TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Feng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Hwang Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-342-2121 (ext. 4600)
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Xu J, Lv G, Xu B, Jiang B. Overexpression of UBE2M through Wnt/β-Catenin signaling is associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5614-5625. [PMID: 35117925 PMCID: PMC8797438 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 M (UBE2M) is elevated in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms and effects of UBE2M on the prognosis and drug resistance in CRC have not been investigated. Methods CRC specimens and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 74 patients. The expression of UBE2M was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Multivariable cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for overall survival in clinical CRC patients. Human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 were transfected with specific UBE2M small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) or plasmid to either suppress or increase the expression of UBE2M for in vitro experiments. Also, chemotherapy-resistant HCT116 and SW480 cells were established by being treated with increasingly higher concentrations of fluorouracil (5-FU) or oxaliplatin. XAV-939 was used as a wingless/integrated-beta-catenin (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling inhibitor. Results According to quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, the expression of UBE2M was elevated in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues. Based on cox regression analysis, the overexpression of UBE2M was a risk factor for overall survival of CRC patients. The expression of UBE2M was notably high in 5-FU- and oxaliplatin-resistant cells in in vitro experiments. Also, cells transfected with specific UBE2M siRNA or plasmid induced lower resistance to 5-FU and higher resistance to oxaliplatin. Finally, the expression of β-catenin was correlated with the expression of UBE2M in transfected cells and treatment with XAV939 decreased the degree of drug resistance in chemotherapy-resistant HCT116 cells. Conclusions Overexpression of UBE2M in CRC specimens contributes to a decreased overall survival of patients and mediates 5-FU and oxaliplatin resistance in CRC cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoqiang Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Binghua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua, China
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21
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Shi LE, Shang X, Nie KC, Xu Q, Chen NB, Zhu ZZ. Identification of potential crucial genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:60. [PMID: 32793313 PMCID: PMC7418510 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a type of malignant tumor with the highest mortality rate among all neoplasms worldwide, and its exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Timely diagnosis and treatment are of great importance in order to decrease the mortality rate of PAAD. Therefore, identifying new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis is essential to enable early detection of PAAD and to improve the overall survival (OS) rate. In order to screen and integrate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PAAD and normal tissues, a total of seven datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the ‘limma’ and ‘robustrankggreg’ packages in R software were used. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the DEGs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery website, and the protein-protein interaction network analysis was performed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database. A gene prognostic signature was constructed using the Cox regression model. A total of 10 genes (CDK1, CCNB1, CDC20, ASPM, UBE2C, TPX2, TOP2A, NUSAP1, KIF20A and DLGAP5) that may be associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were identified. According to the differentially expressed genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas, the present study set up four prognostic signatures (matrix metalloproteinase 12, sodium voltage-gated channel α subunit 11, tetraspanin 1 and SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats-containing 2), which effectively predicted OS. The hub genes that were highly associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of PAAD were identified, which may be helpful to further understand the molecular basis of pancreatic cancer and guide the synthesis of drugs for PPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Er Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Chao Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Na-Bei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zhang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma Present Specific RNA Profiles in Serum and Urine Extracellular Vesicles Mirroring the Tumor Expression: Novel Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Disease Diagnosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030721. [PMID: 32183400 PMCID: PMC7140677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a group of heterogeneous biliary cancers with dismal prognosis. The etiologies of most CCAs are unknown, but primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a risk factor. Non-invasive diagnosis of CCA is challenging and accurate biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to characterize the transcriptomic profile of serum and urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) from patients with CCA, PSC, ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy individuals. Serum and urine EVs were isolated by serial ultracentrifugations and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. EVs transcriptome was determined by Illumina gene expression array [messenger RNAs (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)]. Differential RNA profiles were found in serum and urine EVs from patients with CCA compared to control groups (disease and healthy), showing high diagnostic capacity. The comparison of the mRNA profiles of serum or urine EVs from patients with CCA with the transcriptome of tumor tissues from two cohorts of patients, CCA cells in vitro, and CCA cells-derived EVs, identified 105 and 39 commonly-altered transcripts, respectively. Gene ontology analysis indicated that most commonly-altered mRNAs participate in carcinogenic steps. Overall, patients with CCA present specific RNA profiles in EVs mirroring the tumor, and constituting novel promising liquid biopsy biomarkers.
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Ropolo A, Catrinacio C, Renna FJ, Boggio V, Orquera T, Gonzalez CD, Vaccaro MI. A Novel E2F1-EP300-VMP1 Pathway Mediates Gemcitabine-Induced Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Carrying Oncogenic KRAS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:411. [PMID: 32655498 PMCID: PMC7324546 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily preserved degradation process of cytoplasmic cellular constituents, which participates in cell response to disease. We previously characterized VMP1 (Vacuole Membrane Protein 1) as an essential autophagy related protein that mediates autophagy in pancreatic diseases. We also demonstrated that VMP1-mediated autophagy is induced by HIF-1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) in colon-cancer tumor cell lines, conferring resistance to photodynamic treatment. Here we identify a new molecular pathway, mediated by VMP1, by which gemcitabine is able to trigger autophagy in human pancreatic tumor cell lines. We demonstrated that gemcitabine requires the VMP1 expression to induce autophagy in the highly resistant pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 that carry activated KRAS. E2F1 is a transcription factor that is regulated by the retinoblastoma pathway. We found that E2F1 is an effector of gemcitabine-induced autophagy and regulates the expression and promoter activity of VMP1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that E2F1 binds to the VMP1 promoter in PANC-1 cells. We have also identified the histone acetyltransferase EP300 as a modulator of VMP1 promoter activity. Our data showed that the E2F1-EP300 activator/co-activator complex is part of the regulatory pathway controlling the expression and promoter activity of VMP1 triggered by gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells. Finally, we found that neither VMP1 nor E2F1 are induced by gemcitabine treatment in BxPC-3 cells, which do not carry oncogenic KRAS and are sensitive to chemotherapy. In conclusion, we have identified the E2F1-EP300-VMP1 pathway that mediates gemcitabine-induced autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. These results strongly support that VMP1-mediated autophagy may integrate the complex network of events involved in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma chemo-resistance. Our experimental findings point at E2F1 and VMP1 as novel potential therapeutic targets in precise treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ropolo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Alejandro Ropolo
| | - Cintia Catrinacio
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felipe Javier Renna
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Boggio
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Orquera
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio D. Gonzalez
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CEMIC University Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria I. Vaccaro
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (UBA-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li J, Zhi X, Shen X, Chen C, Yuan L, Dong X, Zhu C, Yao L, Chen M. Depletion of UBE2C reduces ovarian cancer malignancy and reverses cisplatin resistance via downregulating CDK1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:434-440. [PMID: 31875843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, but the mechanisms of ovarian cancer progression and cisplatin resistance remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggested that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) was highly expressed in a variety of tumors and acted as an oncogene. In our study, we demonstrated that UBE2C was overexpressed in ovarian cancer by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis. It was also found that high levels of UBE2C expression predicted worse clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer. After knocking down UBE2C, SKOV3 and A2780 cells showed inhibitory cell proliferation, increased apoptosis by blocking G2/M transition in vitro and in vivo. Besides, the downregulation of UBE2C reversed the cisplatin resistance states of SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP cells. Interestingly, CDK1 expression was also downregulated in UBE2C depleted ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that UBE2C expression was highly correlated with CDK1 expression in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines, indicating that UBE2C might cooperate with CDK1 in ovarian tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings strongly supported UBE2C as a candidate oncogene and a potential target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xuhui Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenqi Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Liangqing Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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