Liu RP, He SY, Wang J, Wang XQ, Jin ZL, Guo H, Wang CR, Xu YN, Kim NH. BDE-47 Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Inhibit Early Porcine Embryonic Development.
Animals (Basel) 2023;
13:2291. [PMID:
37508068 PMCID:
PMC10376902 DOI:
10.3390/ani13142291]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Widely used as a flame retardant, 2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a persistent environmental pollutant with toxicological effects, including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption. To investigate the toxicological effects of BDE-47 on early porcine embryogenesis in vitro, cultured porcine embryos were exposed to BDE-47 during early development. Exposure to 100 μM BDE-47 decreased the blastocyst rate and mRNA level of pluripotency genes but increased the level of LC3 and the expression of autophagy-related genes. After BDE-47 exposure, porcine embryos' antioxidant capability decreased; ROS levels increased, while glutathione (GSH) levels and the expression of antioxidant-related genes decreased. In addition, BDE-47 exposure reduced mitochondrial abundance and mitochondrial membrane potential levels, downregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-associated genes, decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) abundance, increased the levels of GRP78, a marker of ER stress (ERS), and upregulated the expression of ERS-related genes. However, ER damage and low embryo quality induced by BDE-47 exposure were reversed with the ERS inhibitor, the 4-phenylbutyric acid. In conclusion, BDE-47 inhibits the development of early porcine embryos in vitro by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of BDE-47-induced embryonic toxicity.
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