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Robinson SA. Climate change and extreme events are changing the biology of Polar Regions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5861-5864. [PMID: 35821589 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polar landscapes and their unique biodiversity are threatened by climate change. Wild reindeer are cultural and ecological keystone species, traversing across the northern Eurasian Arctic throughout the year (Wild reindeer in the sub-Arctic in Kuhmo, Finland. Photo: Antti Leinonen, Snowchange Cooperative. Used with permission). In contrast, Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity is found on islands in the ice (or ocean) which support unique assemblages of plants and animals (King George Island, South Shetlands; photo Andrew Netherwood. Used with permission). This VSI examines how the changing climate threatens these diverse marine and terrestrial habitats and the biodiversity that they support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Holsman KK, Haynie AC, Hollowed AB, Reum JCP, Aydin K, Hermann AJ, Cheng W, Faig A, Ianelli JN, Kearney KA, Punt AE. Ecosystem-based fisheries management forestalls climate-driven collapse. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4579. [PMID: 32917860 PMCID: PMC7486947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is impacting fisheries worldwide with uncertain outcomes for food and nutritional security. Using management strategy evaluations for key US fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea we find that Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) measures forestall future declines under climate change over non-EBFM approaches. Yet, benefits are species-specific and decrease markedly after 2050. Under high-baseline carbon emission scenarios (RCP 8.5), end-of-century (2075–2100) pollock and Pacific cod fisheries collapse in >70% and >35% of all simulations, respectively. Our analysis suggests that 2.1–2.3 °C (modeled summer bottom temperature) is a tipping point of rapid decline in gadid biomass and catch. Multiyear stanzas above 2.1 °C become commonplace in projections from ~2030 onward, with higher agreement under RCP 8.5 than simulations with moderate carbon mitigation (i.e., RCP 4.5). We find that EBFM ameliorates climate change impacts on fisheries in the near-term, but long-term EBFM benefits are limited by the magnitude of anticipated change. Ecosystem Based Management measures developed to prevent overfishing could be particularly important under climate change. Here the authors combine climate and fish stock modelling to show that EBM cap implementation reduces climate-driven fishery declines under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 before midcentury. However, there are thermal tipping points beyond which potential collapses are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Holsman
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115, USA. .,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - A C Haynie
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - A B Hollowed
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - J C P Reum
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - K Aydin
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - A J Hermann
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, now Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Ocean Environment Research Division, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - W Cheng
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, now Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Ocean Environment Research Division, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - A Faig
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - J N Ianelli
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K A Kearney
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.,Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, now Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - A E Punt
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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3
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Lam VYY, Doropoulos C, Bozec YM, Mumby PJ. Resilience Concepts and Their Application to Coral Reefs. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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4
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Friedland KD, Langan JA, Large SI, Selden RL, Link JS, Watson RA, Collie JS. Changes in higher trophic level productivity, diversity and niche space in a rapidly warming continental shelf ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135270. [PMID: 31818590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is long-standing ecological and socioeconomic interest in what controls the diversity and productivity of ecosystems. That focus has intensified with shifting environmental conditions associated with accelerating climate change. The U.S. Northeast Shelf (NES) is a well-studied continental shelf marine ecosystem that is among the more rapidly warming marine systems worldwide. Furthermore, many constituent species have experienced significant distributional shifts. However, the system response of the NES to climate change goes beyond simple shifts in species distribution. The fish and macroinvertebrate communities of the NES have increased in species diversity and overall productivity in recent decades, despite no significant decline in fishing pressure. Species distribution models constructed using random forest classification and regression trees were fit for the dominant species in the system. Over time, the areal distribution of occupancy habitat has increased for approximately 80% of the modeled taxa, suggesting most species have significantly increased their range and niche space. These niche spaces were analyzed to determine the area of niche overlap between species pairs. For the vast majority of species pairs, interaction has increased over time suggesting greater niche overlap and the increased probability for more intense species interactions, such as between competitors or predators and prey. Furthermore, the species taxonomic composition and size structure indicate a potential tropicalization of the fish community. The system and community changes are consistent with the view that the NES may be transitioning from a cold temperate or boreal ecoregion to one more consistent with the composition of a warm temperate or Carolinian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Friedland
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
| | - Joseph A Langan
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Scott I Large
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jason S Link
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of the Assistant Administrator, 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Reg A Watson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Collie
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
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Solan M, Bennett EM, Mumby PJ, Leyland J, Godbold JA. Benthic-based contributions to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190107. [PMID: 31983332 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative solutions to improve the condition and resilience of ecosystems are needed to address societal challenges and pave the way towards a climate-resilient future. Nature-based solutions offer the potential to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural or modified ecosystems while providing multiple other benefits for health, the economy, society and the environment. However, the implementation of nature-based solutions stems from a discourse that is almost exclusively derived from a terrestrial and urban context and assumes that risk reduction is resolved locally. We argue that this position ignores the importance of complex ecological interactions across a range of temporal and spatial scales and misses the substantive contribution from marine ecosystems, which are notably absent from most climate mitigation and adaptation strategies that extend beyond coastal disaster management. Here, we consider the potential of sediment-dwelling fauna and flora to inform and support nature-based solutions, and how the ecology of benthic environments can enhance adaptation plans. We illustrate our thesis with examples of practice that are generating, or have the potential to deliver, transformative change and discuss where further innovation might be applied. Finally, we take a reflective look at the realized and potential capacity of benthic-based solutions to contribute to adaptation plans and offer our perspectives on the suitability and shortcomings of past achievements and the prospective rewards from sensible prioritization of future research. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Solan
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Elena M Bennett
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences and McGill School of Environment, McGill University-Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, St Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3 V9
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Julian Leyland
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jasmin A Godbold
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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6
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Wilson TJB, Cooley SR, Tai TC, Cheung WWL, Tyedmers PH. Potential socioeconomic impacts from ocean acidification and climate change effects on Atlantic Canadian fisheries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226544. [PMID: 31923278 PMCID: PMC6953801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is an emerging consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. The full extent of the biological impacts are currently not entirely defined. However, it is expected that invertebrate species that rely on the mineral calcium carbonate will be directly affected. Despite the limited understanding of the full extent of potential impacts and responses there is a need to identify potential pathways for human societies to be affected by ocean acidification. Research on these social implications is a small but developing field. This research contributes to this field by using an impact assessment framework, informed by a biophysical model of future species distributions, to investigate potential impacts facing Atlantic Canadian society from potential changes in shellfish fisheries driven by ocean acidification and climate change. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia are expected to see declines in resource accessibility but are relatively socially insulated from these changes. Conversely, Prince Edward Island, along with Newfoundland and Labrador are more socially vulnerable to potential losses in fisheries, but are expected to experience relatively minor net changes in access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. B. Wilson
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Travis C. Tai
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - William W. L. Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Peter H. Tyedmers
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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8
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Gaines SD, Costello C, Owashi B, Mangin T, Bone J, Molinos JG, Burden M, Dennis H, Halpern BS, Kappel CV, Kleisner KM, Ovando D. Improved fisheries management could offset many negative effects of climate change. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao1378. [PMID: 30167455 PMCID: PMC6114984 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The world's oceans supply food and livelihood to billions of people, yet species' shifting geographic ranges and changes in productivity arising from climate change are expected to profoundly affect these benefits. We ask how improvements in fishery management can offset the negative consequences of climate change; we find that the answer hinges on the current status of stocks. The poor current status of many stocks combined with potentially maladaptive responses to range shifts could reduce future global fisheries yields and profits even more severely than previous estimates have suggested. However, reforming fisheries in ways that jointly fix current inefficiencies, adapt to fisheries productivity changes, and proactively create effective transboundary institutions could lead to a future with higher profits and yields compared to what is produced today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Christopher Costello
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brandon Owashi
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tracey Mangin
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jennifer Bone
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jorge García Molinos
- Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Arctic Research, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5 Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Heather Dennis
- San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, 455 Golden Gate Avenue, Suite 10600, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
- Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL57PY, UK
| | - Carrie V. Kappel
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ovando
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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9
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McCormick MI, Watson SA, Simpson SD, Allan BJM. Effect of elevated CO 2 and small boat noise on the kinematics of predator-prey interactions. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20172650. [PMID: 29563262 PMCID: PMC5897633 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceans of the future are predicted to be more acidic and noisier, particularly along the productive coastal fringe. This study examined the independent and combined effects of short-term exposure to elevated CO2 and boat noise on the predator-prey interactions of a pair of common coral reef fishes (Pomacentrus wardi and its predator, Pseudochromis fuscus). Successful capture of prey by predators was the same regardless of whether the pairs had been exposed to ambient control conditions, the addition of either playback of boat noise, elevated CO2 (925 µatm) or both stressors simultaneously. The kinematics of the interaction were the same for all stressor combinations and differed from the controls. The effects of CO2 or boat noise were the same, suggesting that their effects were substitutive in this situation. Prey reduced their perception of threat under both stressors individually and when combined, and this coincided with reduced predator attack distances and attack speeds. The lack of an additive or multiplicative effect when both stressors co-occurred was notable given the different mechanisms involved in sensory disruptions and highlights the importance of determining the combined effects of key drivers to aid in predicting community dynamics under future environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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10
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Abstract
People have an enduring fascination with the biology of the oceans. When the BBC's 'Blue Planet' series first aired on British television almost a quarter of the nation tuned in. As the diversity of science in this special issue of Current Biology attests, the ocean presents a challenging environment for study while also exhibiting some of the most profound and disruptive symptoms of global change. Marine science has made major advances in the past few decades, which were primarily made possible through important technological innovations. This progress notwithstanding, there are persistent challenges in achieving an understanding of marine processes at appropriate scales and delivering meaningful insights to guide ocean policy and management. Naturally, the examples chosen below betray my ecological leanings, but I hope that many of the issues raised resonate with readers in many different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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