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Ikawa H, Hasegawa T, Kumagai E, Wakatsuki H, Sekiyama Y, Nagano AJ, Kuwagata T. Enhanced decreases in rice evapotranspiration in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide under warmer environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3514-3527. [PMID: 38922904 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A short period of exposure to elevated CO2 is known to decrease evapotranspiration via stomatal closure. Based on theoretical evaluation of a canopy transpiration model, we hypothesized that this decrease in the evapotranspiration of rice under elevated CO2 was greater under higher temperature conditions due to an increased sensitivity of transpiration to changes in CO2 induced by the greater vapour pressure deficit. In a temperature gradient chamber-based experiment, a 200 ppm increase in CO2 concentration led to 0.4 mm (-7%) and 1.5 mm (-15%) decreases in 12 h evapotranspiration under ambient temperature and high temperature (+3.7°C) conditions, respectively. Model simulations revealed that the greater vapour pressure deficit under higher temperature conditions explained the variations in the reduction of evapotranspiration observed under elevated CO2 levels between the temperature treatments. Our study suggests the utility of a simple modelling framework for mechanistic understanding of evapotranspiration and crop energy balance system under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ikawa
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kumagai
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Wakatsuki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Sekiyama
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kuwagata
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Wu J, Lv S, Zhao L, Gao T, Yu C, Hu J, Ma F. Advances in the study of the function and mechanism of the action of flavonoids in plants under environmental stresses. PLANTA 2023; 257:108. [PMID: 37133783 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This review summarizes the anti-stress effects of flavonoids in plants and highlights its role in the regulation of polar auxin transport and free radical scavenging mechanism. As secondary metabolites widely present in plants, flavonoids play a vital function in plant growth, but also in resistance to stresses. This review introduces the classification, structure and synthetic pathways of flavonoids. The effects of flavonoids in plant stress resistance were enumerated, and the mechanism of flavonoids in plant stress resistance was discussed in detail. It is clarified that plants under stress accumulate flavonoids by regulating the expression of flavonoid synthase genes. It was also determined that the synthesized flavonoids are transported in plants through three pathways: membrane transport proteins, vesicles, and bound to glutathione S-transferase (GST). At the same time, the paper explores that flavonoids regulate polar auxin transport (PAT) by acting on the auxin export carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) in the form of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B/P-glycoprotein (ABCB/PGP) transporter, which can help plants to respond in a more dominant form to stress. We have demonstrated that the number and location of hydroxyl groups in the structure of flavonoids can determine their free radical scavenging ability and also elucidated the mechanism by which flavonoids exert free radical removal in cells. We also identified flavonoids as signaling molecules to promote rhizobial nodulation and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance plant-microbial symbiosis in defense to stresses. Given all this knowledge, we can foresee that the in-depth study of flavonoids will be an essential way to reveal plant tolerance and enhance plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Sidi Lv
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tian Gao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Kerchin District Branch Office, Tongliao City Ecological Environment Bureau, Tongliao, 028006, China
| | - Jianing Hu
- Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, 116032, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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McDonough AM, Watmough SA. Interactive effects of precipitation and above canopy nitrogen deposition on understorey vascular plants in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest in northern Alberta, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158708. [PMID: 36099949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition in the bituminous sands region of northern Alberta, Canada is localized but expected to increase over time. Here we seek to determine the effects of above canopy N deposition on understorey vascular plants in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stand in a five-year experimental study. Aqueous N (ammonium nitrate) was applied four times annually (May through October) via helicopter above the canopy between 2011 and 2015 across a narrow but environmentally relevant N deposition gradient (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Changes in vascular plant species richness, diversity and total vascular cover were best explained by throughfall water flux, but the positive responses to precipitation decreased with increasing N application. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Maianthemum canadense showed positive cover increases in wet years; however, the positive cover expansion at ≥5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 treatments was suppressed relative to controls. Total cover expansion was muted in low precipitation years in treatments ≥10 kg N ha-1 yr-1. In contrast, Vaccinium vitis-idaea cover changes ≥10 kg N ha-1 yr-1 were consistently negative. There were no differences in soil net N mineralization rates, plant foliar N or NO3- leaching among treatments. We conjecture the extensive moss/lichen layer of the forest floor that accumulates most of incoming N in throughfall allows them to outcompete vascular plants for water during higher precipitation years, effectively reducing vascular cover expansion relative to controls. This work suggests the response of vascular plants in xeric jack pine ecosystems may interact with climate and these interactions should be considered in risk assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M McDonough
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Etobicoke, Ontario MP9 3V6, Canada.
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
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4
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Jiang M, Guo K, Wang J, Wu Y, Shen X, Huang L. Current status and prospects of rice canopy temperature research. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Kefan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Xinping Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Lifen Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
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5
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Chang TG, Shi Z, Zhao H, Song Q, He Z, Van Rie J, Den Boer B, Galle A, Zhu XG. 3dCAP-Wheat: An Open-Source Comprehensive Computational Framework Precisely Quantifies Wheat Foliar, Nonfoliar, and Canopy Photosynthesis. PLANT PHENOMICS 2022; 2022:9758148. [PMID: 36059602 PMCID: PMC9394111 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9758148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Canopy photosynthesis is the sum of photosynthesis of all above-ground photosynthetic tissues. Quantitative roles of nonfoliar tissues in canopy photosynthesis remain elusive due to methodology limitations. Here, we develop the first complete canopy photosynthesis model incorporating all above-ground photosynthetic tissues and validate this model on wheat with state-of-the-art gas exchange measurement facilities. The new model precisely predicts wheat canopy gas exchange rates at different growth stages, weather conditions, and canopy architectural perturbations. Using the model, we systematically study (1) the contribution of both foliar and nonfoliar tissues to wheat canopy photosynthesis and (2) the responses of wheat canopy photosynthesis to plant physiological and architectural changes. We found that (1) at tillering, heading, and milking stages, nonfoliar tissues can contribute ~4, ~32, and ~50% of daily gross canopy photosynthesis (Acgross; ~2, ~15, and ~-13% of daily net canopy photosynthesis, Acnet) and absorb ~6, ~42, and ~60% of total light, respectively; (2) under favorable condition, increasing spike photosynthetic activity, rather than enlarging spike size or awn size, can enhance canopy photosynthesis; (3) covariation in tissue respiratory rate and photosynthetic rate may be a major factor responsible for less than expected increase in daily Acnet; and (4) in general, erect leaves, lower spike position, shorter plant height, and proper plant densities can benefit daily Acnet. Overall, the model, together with the facilities for quantifying plant architecture and tissue gas exchange, provides an integrated platform to study canopy photosynthesis and support rational design of photosynthetically efficient wheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Gen Chang
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zai Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Honglong Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Insitute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jeroen Van Rie
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bart Den Boer
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Galle
- BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Hu S, Chen W, Tong K, Wang Y, Jing L, Wang Y, Yang L. Response of rice growth and leaf physiology to elevated CO 2 concentrations: A meta-analysis of 20-year FACE studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151017. [PMID: 34662626 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility enables the study of plant responses to climate change under open field conditions. This meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on 47 variables describing rice growth physiology and whether CO2 effects were influenced by cultivar, plant growth stage, nitrogen application rate or temperature. On average, elevated [CO2] increased root and shoot biomass by 28% and 19%, respectively. Among shoot organs, the [CO2]-induced increase in leaf biomass was only 9%, significantly smaller than a 24% increase in stems or a 25% increase in panicles. The higher biomass for FACE rice was consistent with the stimulation in plant height (4%), maximum tiller number (11%), leaf area index (9%) and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat, 22%). When compared within rice groups, hybrid rice showed the greatest CO2 response in growth and leaf physiological variables. Elevated [CO2] increased plant biomass and Asat at each rice growth stage, but the increment tended to decline with the advancement of rice growth and development. The increase in aboveground biomass at elevated [CO2] was enhanced by a higher nitrogen supply but reduced with a temperature elevation of 1-2 °C. Rice growth benefited more from elevated [CO2] in Chinese FACE studies than in Japanese FACE studies, which may result from the different cultivars and nitrogen application rates used in the two countries. Combined with a previous meta-analysis of the rice yield response to FACE, the [CO2] level predicted in the middle of this century will improve rice productivity by stimulating leaf photosynthesis. However, the effects of CO2 on the photosynthetic rate and rice growth tend to shrink over the plant life cycle. Selecting heat-resistant, high-yield hybrid rice cultivars with large sink capacity, supplemented with appropriate nitrogen input, will maximize the CO2 fertilizer effect in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kaicheng Tong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Liquan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Lianxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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7
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Honda S, Ohkubo S, San NS, Nakkasame A, Tomisawa K, Katsura K, Ookawa T, Nagano AJ, Adachi S. Maintaining higher leaf photosynthesis after heading stage could promote biomass accumulation in rice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7579. [PMID: 33828128 PMCID: PMC8027620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf photosynthetic rate changes across the growing season as crop plants age. Most studies of leaf photosynthesis focus on a specific growth stage, leaving the question of which pattern of photosynthetic dynamics maximizes crop productivity unanswered. Here we obtained high-frequency data of canopy leaf CO2 assimilation rate (A) of two elite rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars and 76 inbred lines across the whole growing season. The integrated A value after heading was positively associated with crop growth rate (CGR) from heading to harvest, but that before heading was not. A curve-smoothing analysis of A after heading showed that accumulated A at > 80% of its maximum (A80) was positively correlated with CGR in analyses of all lines mixed and of lines grouped by genetic background, while the maximum A and accumulated A at ≤ 80% were less strongly correlated with CGR. We also found a genomic region (~ 12.2 Mb) that may enhance both A80 and aboveground biomass at harvest. We propose that maintaining a high A after heading, rather than having high maximum A, is a potential target for enhancing rice biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Honda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohkubo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nan Su San
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Anothai Nakkasame
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tomisawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keisuke Katsura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Ookawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan.
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8
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Yang A, Li Q, Chen L, Zhang WH. A rice small GTPase, Rab6a, is involved in the regulation of grain yield and iron nutrition in response to CO2 enrichment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5680-5688. [PMID: 32525991 PMCID: PMC7501819 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) on rice, the molecular mechanisms and signaling events underlying the adaptation of plants remain largely elusive. Here, we report that OsRab6a, which encodes a small GTPase, is involved in the regulation of rice growth, grain yield, and accumulation of iron (Fe) in response to elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]). We generated transgenic plants with OsRab6a-overexpression (-OE) together with OsRab6a-RNAi lines, and found no differences in growth and grain yield among them and wild-type (WT) plants under ambient [CO2] conditions. Under e[CO2] conditions, growth and grain yield of the WT and OsRab6a-OE plants were enhanced, with a greater effect being observed in the latter. In contrast, there were no effects of e[CO2] on growth and grain yield of the OsRab6a-RNAi plants. Photosynthetic rates in both the WT and OsRab6a-OE plants were stimulated by e[CO2], with the magnitude of the increase being higher in OsRab6a-OE plants. Fe concentrations in vegetative tissues and the grain of the WT and transgenic plants were reduced by e[CO2], and the magnitude of the decrease was lower in the OE plants than in the WT and RNAi plants. Genes associated with Fe acquisition in the OsRab6a-OE lines exhibited higher levels of expression than those in the WT and the RNAi lines under e[CO2]. Analysis of our data using Dunnett's multiple comparison test suggested that OsRab6a is an important molecular regulator that underlies the adaptation of rice to e[CO2] by controlling photosynthesis and Fe accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Emmel C, D'Odorico P, Revill A, Hörtnagl L, Ammann C, Buchmann N, Eugster W. Canopy photosynthesis of six major arable crops is enhanced under diffuse light due to canopy architecture. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5164-5177. [PMID: 32557891 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse radiation generally increases photosynthetic rates if total radiation is kept constant. Different hypotheses have been proposed to explain this enhancement of photosynthesis, but conclusive results over a wide range of diffuse conditions or about the effect of canopy architecture are lacking. Here, we show the response of canopy photosynthesis to different fractions of diffuse light conditions for five major arable crops (pea, potato, wheat, barley, rapeseed) and cover crops characterized by different canopy architecture. We used 13 years of flux and microclimate measurements over a field with a typical 4 year crop rotation scheme in Switzerland. We investigated the effect of diffuse light on photosynthesis over a gradient of diffuse light fractions ranging from 100% diffuse (overcast sky) to 11% diffuse light (clear-sky conditions). Gross primary productivity (GPP) increased with diffuse fraction and thus was greater under diffuse than direct light conditions if the absolute photon flux density per unit surface area was kept constant. Mean leaf tilt angle (MTA) and canopy height were found to be the best predictors of the diffuse versus direct radiation effect on photosynthesis. Climatic factors, such as the drought index and growing degree days (GDD), had a significant influence on initial quantum yield under direct but not diffuse light conditions, which depended primarily on MTA. The maximum photosynthetic rate at 2,000 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetically active radiation under direct conditions strongly depended on GDD, MTA, leaf area index (LAI) and the interaction between MTA and LAI, while under diffuse conditions, this parameter depended mostly on MTA and only to a minor extent on canopy height and their interaction. The strongest photosynthesis enhancement under diffuse light was found for wheat, barley and rapeseed, whereas the lowest was for pea. Thus, we suggest that measuring canopy architecture and diffuse radiation will greatly improve GPP estimates of global cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Emmel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra D'Odorico
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Ecosystem-Ecology Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Revill
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Ammann
- Agroscope, Federal Research Station, Climate and Agriculture, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Eugster
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Ohkubo S, Tanaka Y, Yamori W, Adachi S. Rice Cultivar Takanari Has Higher Photosynthetic Performance Under Fluctuating Light Than Koshihikari, Especially Under Limited Nitrogen Supply and Elevated CO 2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1308. [PMID: 32983198 PMCID: PMC7490297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants in the field experience dynamic changes of sunlight rather than steady-state irradiation. Therefore, increasing the photosynthetic rate of an individual leaf under fluctuating light is essential for improving crop productivity. The high-yielding indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Takanari is considered a potential donor of photosynthesis genes because of its higher steady-state photosynthesis at both atmospheric and elevated CO2 concentrations than those of several Japanese commercial cultivars, including Koshihikari. Photosynthetic induction after a sudden increase in light intensity is faster in Takanari than in Koshihikari, but whether the daily carbon gain of Takanari outperforms that of Koshihikari under fluctuating light in the field is unclear. Here we report that Takanari has higher non-steady-state photosynthesis, especially under low nitrogen (N) supply, than Koshihikari. In a pot experiment, Takanari had greater leaf carbon gain during the initial 10 min after a sudden increase in irradiation and higher daily CO2 assimilation under simulated natural fluctuating light, at both atmospheric (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations. The electron transport rate during a day under field conditions with low N supply was also higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari. Although the advantages of Takanari were diminished under high N supply, photosynthetic N use efficiency was consistently higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari, under both low and high N supply. This study demonstrates that Takanari is a promising donor parent to use in breeding programs aimed at increasing CO2 assimilation in a wide range of environments, including future higher CO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ohkubo
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Inashiki, Japan
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11
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Ozaki H, Tokida T, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Hasegawa T, Noguchi K. Atmospheric CO 2 Concentration and N Availability Affect the Balance of the Two Photosystems in Mature Leaves of Rice Plants Grown at a Free-Air CO 2 Enrichment Site. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:786. [PMID: 32582271 PMCID: PMC7296123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) has been substantially increasing. Responses of leaf photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] have been intensively investigated because leaf photosynthesis is one of the most important determinants of crop yield. The responses of photosynthesis to elevated [CO2] can depend on nitrogen (N) availability. Here, we aimed to investigate the significance of the appropriate balance between two photosystems [photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII)] under various [CO2] and N levels, and thus to clarify if responses of photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETRs) of the two photosystems to elevated [CO2] are altered by N availability. Thus, we examined parameters of the two photosystems in mature leaves of rice plants grown under two [CO2] levels (ambient and 200 μmol mol-1 above ambient) and three N fertilization levels at the Tsukuba free-air CO2 enrichment experimental facility in Japan. Responses of ETR of PSII (ETRII) and ETR of PSI (ETRI) to [CO2] levels differed among N levels. When moderate levels of N were applied (MN), ETRI was higher under elevated [CO2], whereas at high levels of N were applied (HN), both ETRII and ETRI were lower under elevated [CO2] compared with ambient [CO2]. Under HN, the decreases in ETRII and ETRI under elevated [CO2] were due to increases in the non-photochemical quenching of PSII [Y(NPQ)] and the donor side limitation of PSI [Y(ND)], respectively. The relationship between the effective quantum yields of PSI [Y(I)] and PSII [Y(II)] changed under elevated [CO2] and low levels of N (LN). Under both conditions, the ratio of Y(I) to Y(II) was higher than under other conditions. The elevated [CO2] and low N changed the balance of the two photosystems. This change may be important because it can induce the cyclic electron flow around PSI, leading to induction of non-photochemical quenching to avoid photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ozaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Division of Climate Change, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Agro-Environmental Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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12
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Novel Combined Spectral Indices Derived from Hyperspectral and Laser-Induced Fluorescence LiDAR Spectra for Leaf Nitrogen Contents Estimation of Rice. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spectra of reflectance (Sr) and fluorescence (Sf) are significant for crop monitoring and ecological environment research, and can be used to indicate the leaf nitrogen content (LNC) of crops indirectly. The aim of this work is to use the Sr-Sf features obtained with hyperspectral and laser-induced fluorescence LiDAR (HSL, LIFL) systems to construct novel combined spectral indices (NCIH-F) for multi-year rice LNC estimation. The NCIH-F is in a form of FWs* Φ + GSIs* Φ , where Φ is the Sr-Sf features, and FWs and GSIs are the feature weights and global sensitive indices for each characteristic band. In this study, the characteristic bands were chosen in different ways. Firstly, the Sr-Sf characteristics which can be the intensity or derivative variables of spectra in 685 and 740 nm, have been assigned as the Φ value in NCIH-F formula. Simultaneously, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) formed with 531 and 570 nm was modified based on a variant spectral index, called PRIfraction, with the Sf intensity in 740 nm, and then compared its potential with NCIH-F on LNC estimation. During the above analysis, both NCIH-F and PRIfraction values were utilized to model rice LNC based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) method. Subsequently, four prior bands were selected, respectively, with high FW and GSI values as the ANNs inputs for rice LNC estimation. Results show that FW- and GSI-based NCIH-F are closely related to rice LNC, and the performance of previous spectral indices used for LNC estimation can be greatly improved by multiplying their FWs and GSIs. Thus, it can be included that the FW- and GSI-based NCIH-F constitutes an efficient and reliable constructed form combining HSL (Sr) and LIFL (Sf) data together for rice LNC estimation.
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13
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He L, Chen JM, Liu J, Zheng T, Wang R, Joiner J, Chou S, Chen B, Liu Y, Liu R, Rogers C. Diverse photosynthetic capacity of global ecosystems mapped by satellite chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2019; 232:111344. [PMID: 33149371 PMCID: PMC7608051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic capacity is often quantified by the Rubisco-limited photosynthetic capacity (i.e. maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax). It is a key plant functional trait that is widely used in Earth System Models for simulation of the global carbon and water cycles. Measuring Vcmax is time-consuming and laborious; therefore, the spatiotemporal distribution of Vcmax is still poorly understood due to limited measurements of Vcmax. In this study, we used a data assimilation approach to map the spatial variation of Vcmax for global terrestrial ecosystems from a 11-year-long satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) record. In this SIF-derived Vcmax map, the mean Vcmax value for each plant function type (PFT) is found to be comparable to a widely used N-derived Vcmax dataset by Kattge et al. (2009). The gradient of Vcmax along PFTs is clearly revealed even without land cover information as an input. Large seasonal and spatial variations of Vcmax are found within each PFT, especially for diverse crop rotation systems. The distribution of major crop belts, characterized with high Vcmax values, is highlighted in this Vcmax map. Legume plants are characterized with high Vcmax values. This Vcmax map also clearly illustrates the emerging soybean revolution in South America where Vcmax is the highest among the world. The gradient of Vcmax in Amazon is found to follow the transition of soil types with different soil N and P contents. This study suggests that satellite-observed SIF is powerful in deriving the important plant functional trait, i.e. Vcmax, for global climate change studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming He
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Laboratory of Environmental Model and Data Optima, Laurel, MD 20707, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada. (L. He)
| | - Jing M. Chen
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Jane Liu
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Shuren Chou
- Space Engineering University, Beijing 101419, China
| | - Bin Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ronggao Liu
- China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheryl Rogers
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
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14
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Nocco MA, Smail RA, Kucharik CJ. Observation of irrigation-induced climate change in the Midwest United States. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3472-3484. [PMID: 31270911 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Irrigated agriculture alters near-surface temperature and humidity, which may mask global climate change at the regional scale. However, observational studies of irrigation-induced climate change are lacking in temperate, humid regions throughout North America and Europe. Despite unknown climate impacts, irrigated agriculture is expanding in the Midwest United States, where unconfined aquifers provide groundwater to support crop production on coarse soils. This is the first study in the Midwest United States to observe and quantify differences in regional climate associated with irrigated agricultural conversion from forests and rainfed agriculture. To this end, we established a 60 km transect consisting of 28 stations across varying land uses and monitored surface air temperature and relative humidity for 31 months in the Wisconsin Central Sands region. We used a novel approach to quantify irrigated land use in both space and time with a database containing monthly groundwater withdrawal estimates by parcel for the state of Wisconsin. Irrigated agriculture decreased maximum temperatures and increased minimum temperatures, thus shrinking the diurnal temperature range (DTR) by an average of 3°C. Irrigated agriculture also decreased the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) by an average of 0.10 kPa. Irrigated agriculture significantly decreased evaporative demand for 25% and 66% of study days compared to rainfed agriculture and forest, respectively. Differences in VPD across the land-use gradient were highest (0.21 kPa) during the peak of the growing season, while differences in DTR were comparable year-round. Interannual variability in temperature had greater impacts on differences in DTR and VPD across the land-use gradient than interannual variability in precipitation. These regional climate changes must be considered together with increased greenhouse gas emissions, changes to groundwater quality, and surface water degradation when evaluating the costs and benefits of groundwater-sourced irrigation expansion in the Midwest United States and similar regions around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika A Nocco
- Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert A Smail
- Water Use Section, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher J Kucharik
- Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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15
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Yonemura S, Kodama N, Taniguchi Y, Ikawa H, Adachi S, Hanba YT. A high-performance system of multiple gas-exchange chambers with a laser spectrometer to estimate leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and mesophyll conductance. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:705-718. [PMID: 31363942 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurements of ecophysiological processes such as leaf photosynthesis are often hampered due to the excessive time required for gas-exchange measurements and the limited availability of multiple gas analyzers. Although recent advancements in commercially available instruments have improved the ability to take measurements more conveniently, the amount of time required for each plant sample to acclimate to chamber conditions has not been sufficiently reduced. Here we describe a system of multiple gas-exchange chambers coupled with a laser spectrometer that employs tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and mesophyll conductance. Using four gas-exchange chambers minimizes the time loss associated with acclimation for each leaf sample. System operation is semiautomatic, and leaf temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration can be regulated and monitored remotely by a computer system. The preliminary results with rice leaf samples demonstrated that the system is capable of high-throughput measurements, which is necessary to obtain better representativeness of the ecophysiological characteristics of plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Yonemura
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Naomi Kodama
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan
- School of Human Science and Environment, Hyogo University, 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, 607-0092, Japan
| | - Yojiro Taniguchi
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko T Hanba
- Faculty of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
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16
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Leakey ADB, Ferguson JN, Pignon CP, Wu A, Jin Z, Hammer GL, Lobell DB. Water Use Efficiency as a Constraint and Target for Improving the Resilience and Productivity of C 3 and C 4 Crops. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:781-808. [PMID: 31035829 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of plant carbon gain to water use, known as water use efficiency (WUE), has long been recognized as a key constraint on crop production and an important target for crop improvement. WUE is a physiologically and genetically complex trait that can be defined at a range of scales. Many component traits directly influence WUE, including photosynthesis, stomatal and mesophyll conductances, and canopy structure. Interactions of carbon and water relations with diverse aspects of the environment and crop development also modulate WUE. As a consequence, enhancing WUE by breeding or biotechnology has proven challenging but not impossible. This review aims to synthesize new knowledge of WUE arising from advances in phenotyping, modeling, physiology, genetics, and molecular biology in the context of classical theoretical principles. In addition, we discuss how rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has created and will continue to create opportunities for enhancing WUE by modifying the trade-off between photosynthesis and transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John N Ferguson
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Charles P Pignon
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Alex Wu
- Centre for Crop Science and Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4069, Australia
| | - Zhenong Jin
- Department of Earth System Science and Center for Food Security and Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Graeme L Hammer
- Centre for Crop Science and Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4069, Australia
| | - David B Lobell
- Department of Earth System Science and Center for Food Security and Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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17
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Hasegawa T, Sakai H, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Wakatsuki H, Chen CP, Ikawa H, Zhang G, Nakano H, Matsushima MY, Hayashi K. A High-Yielding Rice Cultivar "Takanari" Shows No N Constraints on CO 2 Fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:361. [PMID: 31024578 PMCID: PMC6460941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing crop yield response to elevated CO2 concentrations (E-[CO2]) is an important adaptation measure to climate change. A high-yielding indica rice cultivar "Takanari" has recently been identified as a potential candidate for high productivity in E-[CO2] resulting from its large sink and source capacities. To fully utilize these traits, nitrogen should play a major role, but it is unknown how N levels influence the yield response of Takanari to E-[CO2]. We therefore compared grain yield and quality of Takanari with those of Koshihikari, a standard japonica cultivar, in response to Free-Air CO2 enrichment (FACE, +200 μmol mol-1) under three N levels (0, 8, and 12 g m-2) over three seasons. The biomass of both cultivars increased under E-[CO2] at all N levels; however, the harvest index decreased under E-[CO2] in the N-limited treatment for Koshihikari but not for Takanari. The decreased harvest index of Koshihikari resulted from limited enhancement of spikelet number under N-limitation. In contrast, spikelet number increased in E-[CO2] in Takanari even without N application, resulting in significant yield enhancement, averaging 18% over 3 years, whereas Koshihikari exhibited virtually no increase in yield in E-[CO2] under the N-limited condition. Grain appearance quality of Koshihikari was severely reduced by E-[CO2], most notably in N-limited and hot conditions, by a substantial increase in chalky grain, but chalky grain % did not increase in E-[CO2] even without N fertilizer. These results indicated that Takanari could retain its high yield advantage over Koshihikari with limited increase in chalkiness even under limited N conditions and that it could be a useful genetic resource for improving N use efficiency under E-[CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Memuro, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Wakatsuki
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Charles P. Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, United States
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Guoyou Zhang
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Chikugo, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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18
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Gautam P, Lal B, Nayak AK, Raja R, Panda BB, Tripathi R, Shahid M, Kumar U, Baig MJ, Chatterjee D, Swain CK. Inter-relationship between intercepted radiation and rice yield influenced by transplanting time, method, and variety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:337-349. [PMID: 30680629 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-01667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is one of the most important environmental factors that determine the productivity and grain quality of the crops. Continuous rainy days or cloudy weather throughout crop growth especially at critical stages often resulted in great loss of grain quality and yield in rice. Low light stress has rigorously constrained the rice production in various rice-growing regions, especially in Southeast Asia. Method and time of planting are the major management factors contributing to the higher yield potential of rice by influencing light harvesting and use efficiency. Present study was executed consecutively for 5 years (kharif seasons of 2012-2016) to determine whether planting time improves the radiation absorption and use efficiency in different duration rice cultivars. We evaluated the difference in plant growth and development leading to yield formation under different planting time which related to radiation incidence and interception. The results of the study revealed that PAR interception depends on morphological characters of cultivars and also with agronomic management such as transplanting time and method. Long duration cultivar intercepted more PAR but interception decreased due to late planting (3rd week of July), whereas short duration cultivars (Naveen) when planted earlier (1st week of June) could not effectively utilize intercepted PAR constraining the biomass accumulation and yield formation. Effect of planting density and crop architecture on PAR absorption was apparent among establishment methods as light interception at crop canopy was highest in the system of rice intensification and lowest in that of wet direct seeding. In general, Pooja as a long duration cultivar intercepted more PAR per day but when compared on same date of planting, the comparative absorption of radiation was 30.6% higher in Naveen. The lower yields in the wet season are attributed mostly to reduction in grain number per panicle or per unit land area, which is a consequence of high spikelet sterility. Grain yield of rice planted in July third week was reduced by 3.8, 12.3, and 6.9% over June first and third week and July first week, respectively, mainly due to spikelet sterility (26%) and lower grains per panicle (18%). Our results indicated that agronomic management like optimum time of sowing, cultivar duration, and establishment methods should be followed for yield improvement in tropical lowlands where light intensity is limiting due to prevailing weather situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gautam
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India.
- ICAR-National Research Center on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
| | - B Lal
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
- ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Nayak
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - R Raja
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - B B Panda
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - R Tripathi
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - M Shahid
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - U Kumar
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - M J Baig
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - D Chatterjee
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
| | - C K Swain
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753 006, India
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19
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Noguchi K, Tsunoda T, Miyagi A, Kawai-Yamada M, Sugiura D, Miyazawa SI, Tokida T, Usui Y, Nakamura H, Sakai H, Hasegawa T. Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Respiratory Rates in Mature Leaves of Two Rice Cultivars Grown at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Site and Analyses of the Underlying Mechanisms. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:637-649. [PMID: 29401364 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates in leaves change in response to the growth CO2 concentration ([CO2]). The degrees of change vary depending on the responses of cellular processes such as nitrogen (N) assimilation and accumulation of organic acids to growth [CO2]. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the respiratory characteristics of mature leaves of two rice varieties with different yield capacities at different growth stages under ambient and elevated [CO2] conditions at a free-air CO2 enrichment site. We also examined the effect of increased water temperature on leaf respiration. We measured the rates of CO2 efflux and O2 uptake, and determined N contents, primary metabolite contents and maximal activities of respiratory enzymes. The leaf CO2 efflux rates decreased in plants grown at elevated [CO2] in both varieties, and were higher in high-yielding Takanari than in Koshihikari. The leaf O2 uptake rates showed little change with respect to growth [CO2] and variety. The increased water temperature did not significantly affect the CO2 efflux and O2 uptake rates. The N and amino acid contents were significantly higher in Takanari than in Koshihikari. The enhanced N assimilation in Takanari may have consumed more respiratory NADH, leading to higher CO2 efflux rates. In Koshihikari, the ratio of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates changed and maximal activities of enzymes in the TCA cycle decreased at elevated [CO2]. Therefore, the decreased rates of CO2 efflux in Koshihikari may be due to the decreased activities of TCA cycle enzymes at elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsunoda
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392 Japan
| | - Atsuko Miyagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Laboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyazawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, 305-8687 Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokida
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Usui
- Division of Farming System Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 9-4 Shinseiminami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido, 082-0081 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakamura
- Taiyo Keiki Co. Ltd., 1-12-3 Nakajujo, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0032 Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Sakai
- Division of Climate Change, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hasegawa
- Division of Agro-Environmental Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa Morioka, Iwate, 020-0198 Japan
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