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Shen H, Dai Z, Zhang Q, Tong D, Su WQ, Dahlgren RA, Xu J. Postfire Phosphorus Enrichment Mitigates Nitrogen Loss in Boreal Forests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10611-10622. [PMID: 38836563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Net nitrogen mineralization (Nmin) and nitrification regulate soil N availability and loss after severe wildfires in boreal forests experiencing slow vegetation recovery. Yet, how microorganisms respond to postfire phosphorus (P) enrichment to alter soil N transformations remains unclear in N-limited boreal forests. Here, we investigated postfire N-P interactions using an intensive regional-scale sampling of 17 boreal forests in the Greater Khingan Mountains (Inner Mongolia-China), a laboratory P-addition incubation, and a continental-scale meta-analysis. We found that postfire soils had an increased risk of N loss by accelerated Nmin and nitrification along with low plant N demand, especially during the early vegetation recovery period. The postfire N/P imbalance created by P enrichment acts as a "N retention" strategy by inhibiting Nmin but not nitrification in boreal forests. This strategy is attributed to enhanced microbial N-use efficiency and N immobilization. Importantly, our meta-analysis found that there was a greater risk of N loss in boreal forest soils after fires than in other climatic zones, which was consistent with our results from the 17 soils in the Greater Khingan Mountains. These findings demonstrate that postfire N-P interactions play an essential role in mitigating N limitation and maintaining nutrient balance in boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Shen
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongmin Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Di Tong
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Qin Su
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gou X, Reich PB, Qiu L, Shao M, Wei G, Wang J, Wei X. Leguminous plants significantly increase soil nitrogen cycling across global climates and ecosystem types. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4028-4043. [PMID: 37186000 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and significantly increase soil nitrogen (N) cycling and availability, which affects productivity in most ecosystems. Clarifying whether the effects of legumes on N cycling vary with contrasting ecosystem types and climatic regions is crucial for understanding and predicting ecosystem processes, but these effects are currently unknown. By conducting a global meta-analysis, we revealed that legumes increased the soil net N mineralization rate (Rmin ) by 67%, which was greater than the recently reported increase associated with N deposition (25%). This effect was similar for tropical (53%) and temperate regions (81%) but was significantly greater in grasslands (151%) and forests (74%) than in croplands (-3%) and was greater in in situ incubation (101%) or short-term experiments (112%) than in laboratory incubation (55%) or long-term experiments (37%). Legumes significantly influenced the dependence of Rmin on N fertilization and experimental factors. The Rmin was significantly increased by N fertilization in the nonlegume soils, but not in the legume soils. In addition, the effects of mean annual temperature, soil nutrients and experimental duration on Rmin were smaller in the legume soils than in the nonlegume soils. Collectively, our results highlighted the significant positive effects of legumes on soil N cycling, and indicated that the effects of legumes should be elucidated when addressing the response of soils to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
| | - Mingan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Soil Gross Nitrogen Transformation in a Typical Shrub Ecosystem in Yanshan Mountain and Hilly Region. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030643. [PMID: 36983797 PMCID: PMC10056162 DOI: 10.3390/life13030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrubland is a pivotal terrestrial ecosystem in China. Soil nitrogen transformations play a crucial role in maintaining the productivity of this ecosystem, yet the driving forces underlying it have not been sufficiently addressed, particularly under ongoing climate changes. Herein, by incorporating 15N isotope pool dilution method in laboratory incubation, the rates of gross N ammonification, nitrification, and inorganic N consumption in soils in response to varying temperature and humidity conditions were determined at different depths (SL10: 0–10 cm, and SL20: 10–20 cm) in a typical shrub ecosystem in the Yanshan mountain and hilly region, North China. The gross rates of ammonification and nitrification of soils in SL10 were higher than those in SL20, which was likely affected by the higher soil organic matter and total N contents at a shallower depth. Both temperature and humidity significantly affected the N transformations. The gross ammonification and nitrification were significantly stimulated as the incubation temperature increased from 5 to 35 °C. The gross ammonification increased exponentially, while the gross nitrification increased differently in different temperature ranges. The increment of soil water contents (from 30% WHC to 60% and 100% WHC) promoted the gross nitrification rate more significantly than the gross ammonification rate. The gross nitrification ceased until soil water content reached 60%WHC, indicating that soil water availability between 60% and 100% WHC was not a limiting factor in the nitrification process for the shrubland soils in this study. The ammonium (NH4+) immobilization was significantly lower than nitrification irrespective of varying environmental conditions, even though the NH4+ consumption rate might be overestimated, uncovering two putative processes: (1) heterotrophic nitrification process; (2) and more competitive nitrifying bacteria than NH4+-immobilizing microorganisms. Our study is indispensable for assessing the stability and sustainability of soil N cycling in the shrub ecosystem under climate changes.
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Hermesdorf L, Elberling B, D'Imperio L, Xu W, Lambæk A, Ambus PL. Effects of fire on CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O exchange in a well-drained Arctic heath ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4882-4899. [PMID: 35543023 PMCID: PMC9544550 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire frequency and expanse in the Arctic have increased in recent years and are projected to increase further with changes in climatic conditions due to warmer and drier summers. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge about the impacts such events may have on the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balances in Arctic ecosystems. We investigated in situ effects of an experimental fire in 2017 on carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O) surface fluxes in the most abundant tundra ecosystem in West Greenland in ambient and warmer conditions. Measurements from the growing seasons 2017 to 2019 showed that burnt areas became significant net CO2 sources for the entire study period, driven by increased ecosystem respiration (ER) immediately after the fire and decreased gross ecosystem production (GEP). Warming by open-top chambers significantly increased both ER and GEP in control, but not in burnt plots. In contrast to CO2 , measurements suggest that the overall sink capacity of atmospheric CH4 , as well as net N2 O emissions, were not affected by fire in the short term, but only immediately after the fire. The minor effects on CH4 and N2 O, which was surprising given the significantly higher nitrate availability observed in burnt plots. However, the minor effects are aligned with the lack of significant effects of fire on soil moisture and soil temperature. Net uptake and emissions of all three GHG from burnt soils were less temperature-sensitive than in the undisturbed control plots. Overall, this study highlights that wildfires in a typical tundra ecosystem in Greenland may not lead to markedly increased net GHG emissions other than CO2 . Additional investigations are needed to assess the consequences of more severe fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hermesdorf
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ludovica D'Imperio
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- University of Copenhagen, IGN, Section for Forest, Nature and BiomassFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Wenyi Xu
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anders Lambæk
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Per L. Ambus
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Xu W, Elberling B, Ambus PL. Fire increases soil nitrogen retention and alters nitrogen uptake patterns among dominant shrub species in an Arctic dry heath tundra. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150990. [PMID: 34656575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change increases the frequency and severity of fire in the Arctic tundra regions. We assessed effects of fire in combination with summer warming on soil biogeochemical N- and P cycles with a focus on mineral N over two years following an experimental fire in a dry heath tundra, West Greenland. We applied stable isotopes (15NH4+-N and 15NO3--N) to trace the post-fire mineral N pools. The partitioning of 15N in the bulk soils, soil dissolved organic N (TDN), microbes and plants (roots and leaves) was established. The fire tended to increase microbial P pools by four-fold at both one and two years after the fire. Two years after the fire, the bulk soil 15N recovery has decreased to 10.4% in unburned plots while relatively high recovery was maintained (30%) in burned plots, suggesting an increase in soil N retention after the fire. The contribution of microbial 15N recovery to bulk soil 15N recovery increased from 11.2% at 21 days to 31.5% two years after the fire, suggesting that higher post-fire N retention was due largely to the increased incorporation of N into microbial biomass. Fire also increased 15N recovery in bulk roots after one and two years, but only under summer warming. This suggests that higher retention of post-fire N can strongly increase the potential for N uptake of recovering plants under a future warmer climate. There was significantly lower 15N enrichment of Betula nana leaves while higher 15N enrichment of Vaccinium uliginosum leaves (after three years) in burned than control plots. This shows that fire can alter the N uptake differently among dominant shrub species in this tundra ecosystem, and implies that wildfires may change plant species composition in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Xu
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Per Lennart Ambus
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Xu W, Lambæk A, Holm SS, Furbo-Halken A, Elberling B, Ambus PL. Effects of experimental fire in combination with climate warming on greenhouse gas fluxes in Arctic tundra soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148847. [PMID: 34246149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and severity of fire is increasing in Arctic tundra regions with climate change. Here we investigated effects of experimental low-intensity fire and shrub cutting, in combination with warming, on soil biogeochemical cycles and post-fire greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a dry heath tundra, West Greenland. We performed in vitro incubation experiments based on soil samples collected for up to two years after the fire. We observed tendency for increased soil nitrate (14-fold) and significant increases in soil ammonium and phosphate (four-fold and five-fold, respectively) two years after the fire, but no effects of shrub cutting on these compounds. Thus, changes appear to be largely due to fire effects rather than indirect effects by vegetation destruction. Two years after fire, nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production was significantly increased (three-fold and 32% higher, respectively), in burned than unburned soils, while methane (CH4) uptake remained unchanged. This stimulated N2O and CO2 production by the fire, however, was only apparent under conditions when soil was at maximum water holding capacity, suggesting that fire effects can be masked under dry conditions in this tundra ecosystem. There were positive effects by modest 2.5 °C warming on CO2 production in control but not in burned soils, suggesting that fire may decrease the temperature response in soil respiration. Methane uptake was neither altered by the modest warming in shrub-cut nor in burned soils after two years, suggesting that the removal of vegetation may play a key role in controlling future temperature response of CH4 oxidation. Altogether, our results show that post-fire tundra soils have the potential to enhance soil GHG emissions (e.g. N2O and CO2) especially during episodes with wet soil conditions. On the other hand, the lack of warming responses in post-fire soil respiration may weaken this positive feedback to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Xu
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Anders Lambæk
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Signe Skjold Holm
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Annesofie Furbo-Halken
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Per Lennart Ambus
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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van Blerk JJ, West AG, Altwegg R, Hoffman MT. Does a trade-off between growth plasticity and resource conservatism mediate post-fire shrubland responses to rainfall seasonality? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1407-1420. [PMID: 33524198 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth plasticity may allow fire-prone species to maximize their recovery rates during temporary, sporadic periods of rainfall availability in the post-fire environment. However, moisture-driven growth plasticity could be maladaptive in nutrient-limited environments that require tighter control of growth and resource use. We investigated whether a trade-off between plasticity and conservatism mediates growth responses to altered rainfall seasonality in neighbouring shrubland communities that occupy different soils. We monitored post-fire vegetation regrowth in two structurally similar, Mediterranean-type shrublands for 3 years. We investigated the effects of experimentally altered rainfall seasonality on post-fire species' growth rates. We found that moisture-driven growth plasticity was higher among species occupying the fertile soils of the renosterveld site relative to those occupying the nutrient-poor soils of the fynbos site. This resulted in higher overall responsiveness of post-fire recovery patterns in renosterveld to experimental shifts in rainfall seasonality. In post-fire shrubland communities, the trade-off between moisture-dependent growth plasticity and resource conservatism could be mediated by soil nutrient availability. Therefore, edaphic differences between structurally similar shrublands could lead to differences in their sensitivity to post-fire rainfall seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J van Blerk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Adam G West
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Res Altwegg
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - M Timm Hoffman
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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Perez-Quezada JF, Urrutia P, Olivares-Rojas J, Meijide A, Sánchez-Cañete EP, Gaxiola A. Long term effects of fire on the soil greenhouse gas balance of an old-growth temperate rainforest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142442. [PMID: 33022457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forest fires can cause great changes in the composition, structure and functioning of forest ecosystems. We studied the effects of a fire that occurred >50 years ago in a temperate rainforest that caused flooding conditions in a Placic Andosol to evaluate how long these effects last; we hypothesized that the effects of fire on the soil greenhouse gas (GHG) balance could last for many years. We made monthly measurements of fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) during two years of soils in an unburned forest (UF) and a nearby site that burned >50 years ago (BS). Our results show that CO2 emissions from soils were higher in the UF than in the BS, and positively correlated with temperature and negatively with soil water content at both sites. Both sites were net CH4 sinks (higher in the UF) and fluxes correlated positively with soil water content and negatively with temperature (stronger relation in the BS). Emissions of N2O were low at both sites and showed correlation with friction velocity at the UF site. The soil GHG balance showed that the UF emitted about 80% more than the BS (5079 ± 1772 and 2815 ± 1447 g CO2-eq m-2 y-1, respectively). Combining our measured fluxes with data of CO2 net ecosystem exchange, we estimated that at the ecosystem level, the UF was a GHG sink while the BS was a source, showing a long-lasting effect of the fire and the importance of preserving these forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Perez-Quezada
- Department of Environmental Science and Renewable Natural Resources, University of Chile, Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Paul Urrutia
- Department of Environmental Science and Renewable Natural Resources, University of Chile, Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Olivares-Rojas
- Department of Environmental Science and Renewable Natural Resources, University of Chile, Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Meijide
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division Agronomy, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Enrique P Sánchez-Cañete
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Centro Andaluz de Medio Ambiente (IISTA-CEAMA), Granada, Spain
| | - Aurora Gaxiola
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
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Pereira-Silva EFL, Hardt E, Biral MB, Keller VC, Delitti WBC. Effects of recent fire on soil conditions and nutrient use of a native and an invasive grass in the Brazilian savanna. ECOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2019.1613753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Hardt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Bellato Biral
- Undergraduate Program in Environmental Management, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Camargo Keller
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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Hinojosa MB, Laudicina VA, Parra A, Albert-Belda E, Moreno JM. Drought and its legacy modulate the post-fire recovery of soil functionality and microbial community structure in a Mediterranean shrubland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1409-1427. [PMID: 30681232 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of drought on soil dynamics after fire are poorly known, particularly its long-term (i.e., years) legacy effects once rainfall returns to normal. Understanding this is particularly important for nutrient-poor soils in semi-arid regions affected by fire, in which rainfall is projected to decrease with climate change. Here, we studied the effects of post-fire drought and its legacy on soil microbial community structure and functionality in a Cistus-Erica shrubland (Spain). Rainfall total and patterns were experimentally modified to produce an unburned control (natural rainfall) and four burned treatments: control (natural rainfall), historical control (long-term average rainfall), moderate drought (percentile 8 historical rainfall, 5 months of drought per year), and severe drought (percentile 2, 7 months of drought). Soil nutrients and microbial community composition (ester-linked fatty acid approach) and functionality (enzyme activities and C mineralization rate) were monitored during the first 4 years after fire under rainfall treatments, plus two additional ones without them (six post-fire years). We found that the recovery of burned soils was lower under drought. Post-fire drought increased nitrate in the short term and reduced available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, soil organic matter, enzyme activities, and carbon mineralization rate. Moreover, drought decreased soil total microbial biomass and fungi, with bacteria becoming relatively more abundant. Two years after discontinuing the drought treatments, the drought legacy was significant for available phosphorus and enzyme activities. Although microbial biomass did not show any drought legacy effect, the proportion of fungi and bacteria (mainly gram-positive) did, being lower and higher, respectively, in former drought-treated plots. We show that drought has an important impact on soil processes, and that some of its effects persist for at least 2 years after the drought ended. Therefore, drought and its legacy effects can be important for modeling biogeochemical processes in burned soils under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Hinojosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, Toledo, Spain
| | - Vito Armando Laudicina
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Parra
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, Toledo, Spain
| | - Enrique Albert-Belda
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Fábrica de Armas, Toledo, Spain
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11
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McCabe TD, Dietze MC. Scaling Contagious Disturbance: A Spatially-Implicit Dynamic Model. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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