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Wang T, Deng Z, Zhang C, Zou Y, Xie Y, Li F, Xiao F, Peng C. Vegetation types and flood water level are dominant factors controlling the carbon sequestration potential in Dongting Lake floodplain, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171146. [PMID: 38401724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are important carbon sinks. However, the carbon sequestration potential of flooded wetlands may be weakened owing to water regime changes induced by anthropogenic disturbances. Using the eddy covariance technique, this study quantified the effects of the water level and vegetation types on the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco) from a reed marsh (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) and a sedge meadow (Carex spp.) in the Dongting Lake floodplain from 2014 to 2016. Our results indicated that the sedge meadow (-89.49 to -186.47 g C m-2 y-1) and reed marsh (-246.12 to -513.94 g C m-2 y-1) were carbon sinks on the interannual timescale. However, the sedge meadow changed from a carbon sink to a carbon source during the flooding season. The effect of flooding on the carbon sink function in the reed marsh was dependent on the water level. The carbon sink function of the reed marsh was enhanced by moderate flooding (water level under 30.5 m in Chenglingji) owing to the inhibition of Reco, but was weakened by extremely high-water levels (over 33 m in Chenglingji) during the flooding season. Seasonal variations in NEE, GPP, and Reco were closely related to photosynthetic photon flux density, soil water content, water level, soil temperature, and air temperature. We can conclude that the increase in reed area combined with the decrease in flooding days in the sedge meadow can potentially enhance the carbon sink function of the Dongting Lake floodplain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmiao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Ecological Environment in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Natural Resources Affairs Center, Changsha 410004, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Chengyi Zhang
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yeai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China; Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Fengjin Xiao
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
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Sun Q, Tao S, Bovone G, Han G, Deshmukh D, Tibbitt MW, Ren Q, Bertsch P, Siqueira G, Fischer P. Versatile Mechanically Tunable Hydrogels for Therapeutic Delivery Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304287. [PMID: 38488218 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels provide a versatile platform for biomedical material fabrication that can be structurally and mechanically fine-tuned to various tissues and applications. Applications of hydrogels in biomedicine range from highly dynamic injectable hydrogels that can flow through syringe needles and maintain or recover their structure after extrusion to solid-like wound-healing patches that need to be stretchable while providing a selective physical barrier. In this study, a toolbox is designed using thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymeric matrices and nanocelluloses as reinforcing agent to obtain biocompatible hydrogels with altering mechanical properties, from a liquid injectable to a solid-like elastic hydrogel. The liquid hydrogels possess low viscosity and shear-thinning properties at 25 °C, which allows facile injection at room temperature, while they become viscoelastic gels at body temperature. In contrast, the covalently cross-linked solid-like hydrogels exhibit enhanced viscoelasticity. The liquid hydrogels are biocompatible and are able to delay the in vitro release and maintain the bioactivity of model drugs. The antimicrobial agent loaded solid-like hydrogels are effective against typical wound-associated pathogens. This work presents a simple method of tuning hydrogel mechanical strength to easily adapt to applications in different soft tissues and broaden the potential of renewable bio-nanoparticles in hybrid biomaterials with controlled drug release capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Sun
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Siyuan Tao
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bovone
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, D-MAVT, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Garam Han
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Dhananjay Deshmukh
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, D-MAVT, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, D-MAVT, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, D-MAVT, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bertsch
- Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory, EMPA, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fischer
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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3
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The land-to-ocean loops of the global carbon cycle. Nature 2022; 603:401-410. [PMID: 35296840 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon storage by the ocean and by the land is usually quantified separately, and does not fully take into account the land-to-ocean transport of carbon through inland waters, estuaries, tidal wetlands and continental shelf waters-the 'land-to-ocean aquatic continuum' (LOAC). Here we assess LOAC carbon cycling before the industrial period and perturbed by direct human interventions, including climate change. In our view of the global carbon cycle, the traditional 'long-range loop', which carries carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the open ocean through rivers, is reinforced by two 'short-range loops' that carry carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters and from tidal wetlands to the open ocean. Using a mass-balance approach, we find that the pre-industrial uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide by terrestrial ecosystems transferred to the ocean and outgassed back to the atmosphere amounts to 0.65 ± 0.30 petagrams of carbon per year (±2 sigma). Humans have accelerated the cycling of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems, inland waters and the atmosphere, and decreased the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide from tidal wetlands and submerged vegetation. Ignoring these changing LOAC carbon fluxes results in an overestimation of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems by 0.6 ± 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year, and an underestimation of sedimentary and oceanic carbon storage. We identify knowledge gaps that are key to reduce uncertainties in future assessments of LOAC fluxes.
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Botía S, Komiya S, Marshall J, Koch T, Gałkowski M, Lavric J, Gomes-Alves E, Walter D, Fisch G, Pinho DM, Nelson BW, Martins G, Luijkx IT, Koren G, Florentie L, Carioca de Araújo A, Sá M, Andreae MO, Heimann M, Peters W, Gerbig C. The CO 2 record at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory: A new opportunity to study processes on seasonal and inter-annual scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:588-611. [PMID: 34562049 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-quality atmospheric CO2 measurements are sparse in Amazonia, but can provide critical insights into the spatial and temporal variability of sources and sinks of CO2 . In this study, we present the first 6 years (2014-2019) of continuous, high-precision measurements of atmospheric CO2 at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO, 2.1°S, 58.9°W). After subtracting the simulated background concentrations from our observational record, we define a CO2 regional signal ( ΔCO2obs ) that has a marked seasonal cycle with an amplitude of about 4 ppm. At both seasonal and inter-annual scales, we find differences in phase between ΔCO2obs and the local eddy covariance net ecosystem exchange (EC-NEE), which is interpreted as an indicator of a decoupling between local and non-local drivers of ΔCO2obs . In addition, we present how the 2015-2016 El Niño-induced drought was captured by our atmospheric record as a positive 2σ anomaly in both the wet and dry season of 2016. Furthermore, we analyzed the observed seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability of ΔCO2obs together with net ecosystem exchange (NEE) using a suite of modeled flux products representing biospheric and aquatic CO2 exchange. We use both non-optimized and optimized (i.e., resulting from atmospheric inverse modeling) NEE fluxes as input in an atmospheric transport model (STILT). The observed shape and amplitude of the seasonal cycle was captured neither by the simulations using the optimized fluxes nor by those using the diagnostic Vegetation and Photosynthesis Respiration Model (VPRM). We show that including the contribution of CO2 from river evasion improves the simulated shape (not the magnitude) of the seasonal cycle when using a data-driven non-optimized NEE product (FLUXCOM). The simulated contribution from river evasion was found to be 25% of the seasonal cycle amplitude. Our study demonstrates the importance of the ATTO record to better understand the Amazon carbon cycle at various spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Botía
- Biogeochemical Signals Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Shujiro Komiya
- Biogeochemical Processes Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Marshall
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Thomas Koch
- Biogeochemical Signals Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Michał Gałkowski
- Biogeochemical Signals Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jost Lavric
- Biogeochemical Processes Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Eliane Gomes-Alves
- Biogeochemical Processes Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - David Walter
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gilberto Fisch
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial (DCTA), Instituto de Aeronautica e Espaço (IAE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Davieliton M Pinho
- Environmental Dynamics Department, Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bruce W Nelson
- Environmental Dynamics Department, Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Giordane Martins
- Environmental Dynamics Department, Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ingrid T Luijkx
- Meteorology and Air Quality Department, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerbrand Koren
- Meteorology and Air Quality Department, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Florentie
- Meteorology and Air Quality Department, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marta Sá
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Meinrat O Andreae
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Heimann
- Biogeochemical Signals Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wouter Peters
- Meteorology and Air Quality Department, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen University, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Gerbig
- Biogeochemical Signals Department, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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Nakhavali M, Lauerwald R, Regnier P, Guenet B, Chadburn S, Friedlingstein P. Leaching of dissolved organic carbon from mineral soils plays a significant role in the terrestrial carbon balance. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 27:1083-1096. [PMID: 33249686 PMCID: PMC7898291 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils to the river network is an overlooked component of the terrestrial soil C budget. Measurements of DOC concentrations in soil, runoff and drainage are scarce and their spatial distribution highly skewed towards industrialized countries. The contribution of terrestrial DOC leaching to the global-scale C balance of terrestrial ecosystems thus remains poorly constrained. Here, using a process based, integrative, modelling approach to upscale from existing observations, we estimate a global terrestrial DOC leaching flux of 0.28 ± 0.07 Gt C year-1 which is conservative, as it only includes the contribution of mineral soils. Our results suggest that globally about 15% of the terrestrial Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP, calculated as the difference between Net Primary Production and soil respiration) is exported to aquatic systems as leached DOC. In the tropical rainforest, the leached fraction of terrestrial NEP even reaches 22%. Furthermore, we simulated spatial-temporal trends in DOC leaching from soil to the river networks from 1860 to 2010. We estimated a global increase in terrestrial DOC inputs to river network of 35 Tg C year-1 (14%) from 1860 to 2010. Despite their low global contribution to the DOC leaching flux, boreal regions have the highest relative increase (28%) while tropics have the lowest relative increase (9%) over the historical period (1860s compared to 2000s). The results from our observationally constrained model approach demonstrate that DOC leaching is a significant flux in the terrestrial C budget at regional and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Nakhavali
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- Biogeochemistry and Modelling of the Earth SystemDepartment Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Université Paris‐SaclayINRAEAgroParisTechUMR ECOSYSThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Biogeochemistry and Modelling of the Earth SystemDepartment Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire de Géologie de l'ENSPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Sarah Chadburn
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- Laboratoire de Meteorologie DynamiqueDepartement de GeosciencesInstitut Pierre‐Simon LaplaceCNRS‐ENS‐UPMC‐XEcole Normale SuperieureParisFrance
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Zhang H, Lauerwald R, Regnier P, Ciais P, Yuan W, Naipal V, Guenet B, Van Oost K, Camino‐Serrano M. Simulating Erosion-Induced Soil and Carbon Delivery From Uplands to Rivers in a Global Land Surface Model. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2020; 12:e2020MS002121. [PMID: 33381276 PMCID: PMC7757180 DOI: 10.1029/2020ms002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global water erosion strongly affects the terrestrial carbon balance. However, this process is currently ignored by most global land surface models (LSMs) that are used to project the responses of terrestrial carbon storage to climate and land use changes. One of the main obstacles to implement erosion processes in LSMs is the high spatial resolution needed to accurately represent the effect of topography on soil erosion and sediment delivery to rivers. In this study, we present an upscaling scheme for including erosion-induced lateral soil organic carbon (SOC) movements into the ORCHIDEE LSM. This upscaling scheme integrates information from high-resolution (3″) topographic and soil erodibility data into a LSM forcing file at 0.5° spatial resolution. Evaluation of our model for the Rhine catchment indicates that it reproduces well the observed spatial and temporal (both seasonal and interannual) variations in river runoff and the sediment delivery from uplands to the river network. Although the average annual lateral SOC flux from uplands to the Rhine River network only amounts to 0.5% of the annual net primary production and 0.01% of the total SOC stock in the whole catchment, SOC loss caused by soil erosion over a long period (e.g., thousands of years) has the potential to cause a 12% reduction in the simulated equilibrium SOC stocks. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for including the erosion-induced lateral carbon flux from the land to aquatic systems into LSMs and highlights the important role of erosion processes in the terrestrial carbon balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Zhang
- Department Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Department Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Department Geoscience, Environment and SocietyUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric ScienceSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Victoria Naipal
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
- Department of GeosciencesÉcole Normale SupérieureParisFrance
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL‐LSCE CEA/CNRS/UVSQGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Kristof Van Oost
- UCLouvain, TECLIM ‐ Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate ResearchLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
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Duvert C, Hutley LB, Beringer J, Bird MI, Birkel C, Maher DT, Northwood M, Rudge M, Setterfield SA, Wynn JG. Net landscape carbon balance of a tropical savanna: Relative importance of fire and aquatic export in offsetting terrestrial production. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5899-5913. [PMID: 32686242 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink may be overestimated globally due to the difficulty of accounting for all C losses across heterogeneous landscapes. More complete assessments of net landscape C balances (NLCB) are needed that integrate both emissions by fire and transfer to aquatic systems, two key loss pathways of terrestrial C. These pathways can be particularly significant in the wet-dry tropics, where fire plays a fundamental part in ecosystems and where intense rainfall and seasonal flooding can result in considerable aquatic C export (ΣFaq ). Here, we determined the NLCB of a lowland catchment (~140 km2 ) in tropical Australia over 2 years by evaluating net terrestrial productivity (NEP), fire-related C emissions and ΣFaq (comprising both downstream transport and gaseous evasion) for the two main landscape components, that is, savanna woodland and seasonal wetlands. We found that the catchment was a large C sink (NLCB 334 Mg C km-2 year-1 ), and that savanna and wetland areas contributed 84% and 16% to this sink, respectively. Annually, fire emissions (-56 Mg C km-2 year-1 ) and ΣFaq (-28 Mg C km-2 year-1 ) reduced NEP by 13% and 7%, respectively. Savanna burning shifted the catchment to a net C source for several months during the dry season, while ΣFaq significantly offset NEP during the wet season, with a disproportionate contribution by single major monsoonal events-up to 39% of annual ΣFaq was exported in one event. We hypothesize that wetter and hotter conditions in the wet-dry tropics in the future will increase ΣFaq and fire emissions, potentially further reducing the current C sink in the region. More long-term studies are needed to upscale this first NLCB estimate to less productive, yet hydrologically dynamic regions of the wet-dry tropics where our result indicating a significant C sink may not hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Duvert
- Research Institute for the Environment & Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Lindsay B Hutley
- Research Institute for the Environment & Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jason Beringer
- School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael I Bird
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Christian Birkel
- Department of Geography, Water & Global Change Observatory, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Northern Rivers Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Damien T Maher
- Southern Cross Geoscience, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Northwood
- Research Institute for the Environment & Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Mitchel Rudge
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Samantha A Setterfield
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan G Wynn
- Division of Earth Sciences, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
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Lauerwald R, Regnier P, Guenet B, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P. How Simulations of the Land Carbon Sink Are Biased by Ignoring Fluvial Carbon Transfers: A Case Study for the Amazon Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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