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Cortese MR, Freestone AL. When species don't move together: Non-concurrent range shifts in Eastern Pacific kelp forest communities. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303536. [PMID: 38787811 PMCID: PMC11125554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Species range shifts due to changing ocean conditions are occurring around the world. As species move, they build new interaction networks as they shift from or into new ecological communities. Typically, species ranges are modeled individually, but biotic interactions have been shown to be important to creating more realistic modeling outputs for species. To understand the importance of consumer interactions in Eastern Pacific kelp forest species distributions, we used a Maxent framework to model a key foundation species, giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), and a dominant herbivore, purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). With neither species having previously been modeled in the Eastern Pacific, we found evidence for M. pyrifera expansion in the northern section of its range, with no projected contraction at the southern range edge. Despite its known co-occurrence with M. pyrifera, models of S. purpuratus showed a non-concurrent southern range contraction and a co-occurring northern range expansion. While the co-occurring shifts may lead to increased spatial competition for suitable substrate, this non-concurrent contraction could result in community wide impacts such as herbivore release, tropicalization, or ecosystem restructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R. Cortese
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Freestone
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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2
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Bandara RMWJ, Curchitser E, Pinsky ML. The importance of oxygen for explaining rapid shifts in a marine fish. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17008. [PMID: 37943111 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale shifts in marine species biogeography have been a notable impact of climate change. An effective explanation of what drives these species shifts, as well as accurate predictions of where they might move, is crucial to effectively managing these natural resources and conserving biodiversity. While temperature has been implicated as a major driver of these shifts, physiological processes suggest that oxygen, prey, and other factors should also play important roles. We expanded upon previous temperature-based distribution models by testing whether oxygen, food web productivity, salinity, and scope for metabolic activity (the Metabolic Index) better explained the changing biogeography of Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata) in the Northeast US. This species has been expanding further north over the past 15 years. We found that oxygen improved model performance beyond a simple consideration of temperature (ΔAIC = 799, ΔTSS = 0.015), with additional contributions from prey and salinity. However, the Metabolic Index did not substantially increase model performance relative to temperature and oxygen (ΔAIC = 0.63, ΔTSS = 0.0002). Marine species are sensitive to oxygen, and we encourage researchers to use ocean biogeochemical hindcast and forecast products to better understand marine biogeographic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Curchitser
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Amelot M, Robert M, Mouchet M, Kopp D. Boreal and Lusitanian species display trophic niche variation in temperate waters. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10744. [PMID: 38020684 PMCID: PMC10659821 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has non-linear impacts on species distributions and abundance that have cascading effects on ecosystem structure and function. Among them are shifts in trophic interactions within communities. Sites found at the interface between two or more biogeographical regions, where species with diverse thermal preferenda are assembled, are areas of strong interest to study the impact of climate change on communities' interactions. This study examined variation in trophic structure in the Celtic Sea, a temperate environment that hosts a mixture of cold-affiliated Boreal species and warm-affiliated Lusitanian species. Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, trophic niche area, width, and position were investigated for 10 abundant and commercially important demersal fish species across space and time. In general, the niches of Boreal species appear to be contracting while those of Lusitanian species expand, although there are some fluctuations among species. These results provide evidence that trophic niches can undergo rapid modifications over short time periods (study duration: 2014-2021) and that this process may be conditioned by species thermal preferenda. Boreal species displayed spatial variation in trophic niche width and seem to be facing increased competition with Lusitanian species for food resources. These findings underscore the need to utilize indicators related to species trophic ecology to track the ecosystem alterations induced by climate change. Such indicators could reveal that the vulnerability of temperate ecosystems is currently being underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Amelot
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationUMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐ Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de ParisParisFrance
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability)IFREMER, INRAE, Institut AgroPlouzaneFrance
| | - Marianne Robert
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability)IFREMER, INRAE, Institut AgroPlouzaneFrance
| | - Maud Mouchet
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationUMR 7204 MNHN‐CNRS‐ Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de ParisParisFrance
| | - Dorothée Kopp
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability)IFREMER, INRAE, Institut AgroPlouzaneFrance
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4
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Welch H, Savoca MS, Brodie S, Jacox MG, Muhling BA, Clay TA, Cimino MA, Benson SR, Block BA, Conners MG, Costa DP, Jordan FD, Leising AW, Mikles CS, Palacios DM, Shaffer SA, Thorne LH, Watson JT, Holser RR, Dewitt L, Bograd SJ, Hazen EL. Impacts of marine heatwaves on top predator distributions are variable but predictable. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5188. [PMID: 37669922 PMCID: PMC10480173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine heatwaves cause widespread environmental, biological, and socio-economic impacts, placing them at the forefront of 21st-century management challenges. However, heatwaves vary in intensity and evolution, and a paucity of information on how this variability impacts marine species limits our ability to proactively manage for these extreme events. Here, we model the effects of four recent heatwaves (2014, 2015, 2019, 2020) in the Northeastern Pacific on the distributions of 14 top predator species of ecological, cultural, and commercial importance. Predicted responses were highly variable across species and heatwaves, ranging from near total loss of habitat to a two-fold increase. Heatwaves rapidly altered political bio-geographies, with up to 10% of predicted habitat across all species shifting jurisdictions during individual heatwaves. The variability in predicted responses across species and heatwaves portends the need for novel management solutions that can rapidly respond to extreme climate events. As proof-of-concept, we developed an operational dynamic ocean management tool that predicts predator distributions and responses to extreme conditions in near real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Welch
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA.
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew S Savoca
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Brodie
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Jacox
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- NOAA, Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Barbara A Muhling
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Resources Division, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Clay
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- People and Nature, Environmental Defense Fund, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Megan A Cimino
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Scott R Benson
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Moss Landing, CA, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Melinda G Conners
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick D Jordan
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W Leising
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Chloe S Mikles
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Daniel M Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Lesley H Thorne
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jordan T Watson
- NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratory, Juneau, AK, USA
- Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rachel R Holser
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Dewitt
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Bograd
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
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5
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Braun CD, Lezama-Ochoa N, Farchadi N, Arostegui MC, Alexander M, Allyn A, Bograd SJ, Brodie S, Crear DP, Curtis TH, Hazen EL, Kerney A, Mills KE, Pugh D, Scott JD, Welch H, Young-Morse R, Lewison RL. Widespread habitat loss and redistribution of marine top predators in a changing ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2718. [PMID: 37556548 PMCID: PMC10411898 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The Northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico are among the fastest warming ocean regions, a trend that is expected to continue through this century with far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems. We examine the distribution of 12 highly migratory top predator species using predictive models and project expected habitat changes using downscaled climate models. Our models predict widespread losses of suitable habitat for most species, concurrent with substantial northward displacement of core habitats >500 km. These changes include up to >70% loss of suitable habitat area for some commercially and ecologically important species. We also identify predicted hot spots of multi-species habitat loss focused offshore of the U.S. Southeast and Mid-Atlantic coasts. For several species, the predicted changes are already underway, which are likely to have substantial impacts on the efficacy of static regulatory frameworks used to manage highly migratory species. The ongoing and projected effects of climate change highlight the urgent need to adaptively and proactively manage dynamic marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camrin D. Braun
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Nerea Lezama-Ochoa
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nima Farchadi
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Martin C. Arostegui
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Andrew Allyn
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Stephanie Brodie
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Daniel P. Crear
- ECS Federal, in Support of National Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Tobey H. Curtis
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Atlantic Highly Migratory Species Management Division, Gloucester, MA 01930, USA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alex Kerney
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | | | - Dylan Pugh
- Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME 04101, USA
| | - James D. Scott
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L. Lewison
- Institute for Ecological Monitoring and Management, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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6
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Garai S, Mishra Y, Malakar A, Kumar R, Singh R, Sharma J, Tiwari S. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almedia habitat exhibited robust adaptability to diverse socioeconomic scenarios in eastern India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1005. [PMID: 37501039 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges to ecosystems is the rapidity of climate change, and their ability to adjust swiftly will be constrained. Climate change will disrupt the ecological balances, causing species to track suitable habitats for survival. Consequently, understanding the species' response to climate change is crucial for its conservation and management, and for enhancing biodiversity through effective management. This research intends to examine the response of the vulnerable Buchanania cochinchinensis species to climate change. We modeled the potential suitable habitats of B. cochinchinensis for the present and future climatic scenario proxies based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP), i.e. SSP126, 245, 370 and 585. Maxent was used to simulate the potential habitats of B. cochinchinensis. The study found that ~28,313 km2 (~10.7% of the study area) was a potentially suitable habitat of B. cochinchinensis for the current scenario. The majority of the suitable habitat area ~25,169 km2 occurred in the central and southern parts of the study area. The future projection shows that the suitable habitat to largely increase in the range of 10.5-20% across all the SSPs, with a maximum gain of ~20% for SSP 126. The mean temperature of the wettest quarter (Bio_08) was the most influential contributing variable in limiting the distribution of B. cochinchinensis. The majority of the suitable habitat area occurred in the vegetation landscape. The study shows a southward shifting of B. cochinchinensis habitat by 2050. The phytosociological analysis determined B. cochinchinensis as Shorea robusta's primary associate. Our research provides significant insight into the prospective distribution scenario of B. cochinchinensis habitat and its response to diverse socioeconomic scenarios, and offers a solid foundation for management of this extremely important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Garai
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, India
| | - Yogeshwar Mishra
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, India
| | - Ayushman Malakar
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, India
| | - Rikesh Kumar
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, India
| | - Ronak Singh
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, India
| | - Jassi Sharma
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, India
| | - Sharad Tiwari
- ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, India.
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Hodapp D, Roca IT, Fiorentino D, Garilao C, Kaschner K, Kesner-Reyes K, Schneider B, Segschneider J, Kocsis ÁT, Kiessling W, Brey T, Froese R. Climate change disrupts core habitats of marine species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3304-3317. [PMID: 36789726 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Driven by climate change, marine biodiversity is undergoing a phase of rapid change that has proven to be even faster than changes observed in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding how these changes in species composition will affect future marine life is crucial for conservation management, especially due to increasing demands for marine natural resources. Here, we analyse predictions of a multiparameter habitat suitability model covering the global projected ranges of >33,500 marine species from climate model projections under three CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) up to the year 2100. Our results show that the core habitat area will decline for many species, resulting in a net loss of 50% of the core habitat area for almost half of all marine species in 2100 under the high-emission scenario RCP8.5. As an additional consequence of the continuing distributional reorganization of marine life, gaps around the equator will appear for 8% (RCP2.6), 24% (RCP4.5), and 88% (RCP8.5) of marine species with cross-equatorial ranges. For many more species, continuous distributional ranges will be disrupted, thus reducing effective population size. In addition, high invasion rates in higher latitudes and polar regions will lead to substantial changes in the ecosystem and food web structure, particularly regarding the introduction of new predators. Overall, our study highlights that the degree of spatial and structural reorganization of marine life with ensued consequences for ecosystem functionality and conservation efforts will critically depend on the realized greenhouse gas emission pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Hodapp
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Irene T Roca
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de simulation socio-écologique (LISSÉ), Université de Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, Canada
| | - Dario Fiorentino
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Kaschner
- Department of Biometry and Environmental Systems Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Schneider
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ádám T Kocsis
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kiessling
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brey
- Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Froese
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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8
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Mokarram M, Mokarram MJ, Najafi A. Thermal power plants pollution assessment based on deep neural networks, remote sensing, and GIS: A real case study in Iran. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115069. [PMID: 37263027 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of the Bandar Abbas thermal power plant on the waters of the Persian Gulf coast, a combination of satellite images and ground data was utilized to determine the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) as a thermal index, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as biological indices. Additionally, measurements of SO2, O3, NO2, CO2, CO, and CH4 values in the atmosphere were taken to determine the plant's impact on air pollution. Temperature values of the water for different months were predicted using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Cascade neural networks. The results indicate that the waters near thermal power plants exhibit the highest temperatures in July and September, with temperatures reaching approximately 50 °C. Furthermore, the SST values were found to be strongly correlated with ecological indices. The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis revealed a strong correlation between the temperature and TOC, COD, and O2 in water (RTOC2=0.98), [Formula: see text] , RCOD2=0.87 and O3, NO3, CO2, and CO in the air ( [Formula: see text] ). Finally, the results demonstrate that the LSTM method exhibited high accuracy in predicting the water temperature (R2 = 0.98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mokarram
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Economics, Management and Social Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Mokarram
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Arsalan Najafi
- Department of Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland.
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9
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Leung C, Guscelli E, Chabot D, Bourret A, Calosi P, Parent GJ. The lack of genetic variation underlying thermal transcriptomic plasticity suggests limited adaptability of the Northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1125134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGenetic variation underlies the populations’ potential to adapt to and persist in a changing environment, while phenotypic plasticity can play a key role in buffering the negative impacts of such change at the individual level.MethodsWe investigated the role of genetic variation in the thermal response of the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis, an ectotherm species distributed in the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. More specifically, we estimated the proportion transcriptomic responses explained by genetic variance of female shrimp from three origins after 30 days of exposure to three temperature treatments.ResultsWe characterized the P. borealis transcriptome (170,377 transcripts, of which 27.48% were functionally annotated) and then detected a total of 1,607 and 907 differentially expressed transcripts between temperatures and origins, respectively. Shrimp from different origins displayed high but similar level of transcriptomic plasticity in response to elevated temperatures. Differences in transcript expression among origins were not correlated to population genetic differentiation or diversity but to environmental conditions at origin during sampling.DiscussionThe lack of genetic variation explaining thermal plasticity suggests limited adaptability in this species’ response to future environmental changes. These results together with higher mortality observed at the highest temperature indicate that the thermal niche of P. borealis will likely be restricted to higher latitudes in the future. This prediction concurs with current decreases in abundance observed at the southern edge of this species geographical distribution, as it is for other cold-adapted crustaceans.
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10
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Schofield LN, Siegel RB, Loffland HL. Modeling climate‐driven range shifts in populations of two bird species limited by habitat independent of climate. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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11
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Vilas D, Fletcher RJ, Siders ZA, Chagaris D. Understanding the temporal dynamics of estimated environmental niche hypervolumes for marine fishes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9604. [PMCID: PMC9748244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vilas
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Cedar Key Florida USA
| | - Robert J. Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Zachary A. Siders
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - David Chagaris
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
- Nature Coast Biological Station, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Cedar Key Florida USA
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12
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Kitchel ZJ, Conrad HM, Selden RL, Pinsky ML. The role of continental shelf bathymetry in shaping marine range shifts in the face of climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5185-5199. [PMID: 35698263 PMCID: PMC9540106 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, marine species on continental shelves around the world are rapidly shifting deeper and poleward. However, whether these shifts deeper and poleward will allow species to access more, less, or equivalent amounts of continental shelf area and associated critical habitats remains unclear. By examining the proportion of seabed area at a range of depths for each large marine ecosystem (LME), we found that shelf area declined monotonically for 19% of LMEs examined. However, the majority exhibited a greater proportion of shelf area in mid-depths or across several depth ranges. By comparing continental shelf area across 2° latitudinal bands, we found that all coastlines exhibit multiple instances of shelf area expansion and contraction, which have the potential to promote or restrict poleward movement of marine species. Along most coastlines, overall shelf habitat increases or exhibits no significant change moving towards the poles. The exception is the Southern West Pacific, which experiences an overall loss of area with increasing latitude. Changes in continental shelf area availability across latitudes and depths are likely to affect the number of species local ecosystems can support. These geometric analyses help identify regions of conservation priority and ecological communities most likely to face attrition or expansion due to variations in available area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë J. Kitchel
- Ecology and Evolution Graduate ProgramRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Hailey M. Conrad
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
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13
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Koehn LE, Nelson LK, Samhouri JF, Norman KC, Jacox MG, Cullen AC, Fiechter J, Pozo Buil M, Levin PS. Social-ecological vulnerability of fishing communities to climate change: A U.S. West Coast case study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272120. [PMID: 35976855 PMCID: PMC9385011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is already impacting coastal communities, and ongoing and future shifts in fisheries species productivity from climate change have implications for the livelihoods and cultures of coastal communities. Harvested marine species in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem support U.S. West Coast communities economically, socially, and culturally. Ecological vulnerability assessments exist for individual species in the California Current but ecological and human vulnerability are linked and vulnerability is expected to vary by community. Here, we present automatable, reproducible methods for assessing the vulnerability of U.S. West Coast fishing dependent communities to climate change within a social-ecological vulnerability framework. We first assessed the ecological risk of marine resources, on which fishing communities rely, to 50 years of climate change projections. We then combined this with the adaptive capacity of fishing communities, based on social indicators, to assess the potential ability of communities to cope with future changes. Specific communities (particularly in Washington state) were determined to be at risk to climate change mainly due to economic reliance on at risk marine fisheries species, like salmon, hake, or sea urchins. But, due to higher social adaptive capacity, these communities were often not found to be the most vulnerable overall. Conversely, certain communities that were not the most at risk, ecologically and economically, ranked in the category of highly vulnerable communities due to low adaptive capacity based on social indicators (particularly in Southern California). Certain communities were both ecologically at risk due to catch composition and socially vulnerable (low adaptive capacity) leading to the highest tier of vulnerability. The integration of climatic, ecological, economic, and societal data reveals that factors underlying vulnerability are variable across fishing communities on the U.S West Coast, and suggests the need to develop a variety of well-aligned strategies to adapt to the ecological impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Koehn
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura K. Nelson
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jameal F. Samhouri
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Karma C. Norman
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Jacox
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, United States of America
| | - Alison C. Cullen
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jerome Fiechter
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Pozo Buil
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, United States of America
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Phillip S. Levin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- The Nature Conservancy in Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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14
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Engelstad P, Jarnevich CS, Hogan T, Sofaer HR, Pearse IS, Sieracki JL, Frakes N, Sullivan J, Young NE, Prevéy JS, Belamaric P, LaRoe J. INHABIT: A web-based decision support tool for invasive plant species habitat visualization and assessment across the contiguous United States. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263056. [PMID: 35134065 PMCID: PMC8824347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrowing the communication and knowledge gap between producers and users of scientific data is a longstanding problem in ecological conservation and land management. Decision support tools (DSTs), including websites or interactive web applications, provide platforms that can help bridge this gap. DSTs can most effectively disseminate and translate research results when producers and users collaboratively and iteratively design content and features. One data resource seldom incorporated into DSTs are species distribution models (SDMs), which can produce spatial predictions of habitat suitability. Outputs from SDMs can inform management decisions, but their complexity and inaccessibility can limit their use by resource managers or policy makers. To overcome these limitations, we present the Invasive Species Habitat Tool (INHABIT), a novel, web-based DST built with R Shiny to display spatial predictions and tabular summaries of habitat suitability from SDMs for invasive plants across the contiguous United States. INHABIT provides actionable science to support the prevention and management of invasive species. Two case studies demonstrate the important role of end user feedback in confirming INHABIT's credibility, utility, and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Engelstad
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Catherine S. Jarnevich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Terri Hogan
- National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Helen R. Sofaer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Neil Frakes
- National Park Service, Joshua Tree National Park, Twentynine Palms, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Sullivan
- Student Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicholas E. Young
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Prevéy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Pairsa Belamaric
- Student Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jillian LaRoe
- Student Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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15
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Forecasting intraspecific changes in distribution of a wide-ranging marine predator under climate change. Oecologia 2021; 198:111-124. [PMID: 34787703 PMCID: PMC8803685 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Globally, marine animal distributions are shifting in response to a changing climate. These shifts are usually considered at the species level, but individuals are likely to differ in how they respond to the changing conditions. Here, we investigate how movement behaviour and, therefore, redistribution, would differ by sex and maturation class in a wide-ranging marine predator. We tracked 115 tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from 2002 to 2020 and forecast class-specific distributions through to 2030, including environmental factors and predicted occurrence of potential prey. Generalised Linear and Additive Models revealed that water temperature change, particularly at higher latitudes, was the factor most associated with shark movements. Females dispersed southwards during periods of warming temperatures, and while juvenile females preferred a narrow thermal range between 22 and 23 °C, adult female and juvenile male presence was correlated with either lower (< 22 °C) or higher (> 23 °C) temperatures. During La Niña, sharks moved towards higher latitudes and used shallower isobaths. Inclusion of predicted distribution of their putative prey significantly improved projections of suitable habitats for all shark classes, compared to simpler models using temperature alone. Tiger shark range off the east coast of Australia is predicted to extend ~ 3.5° south towards the east coast of Tasmania, particularly for juvenile males. Our framework highlights the importance of combining long-term movement data with multi-factor habitat projections to identify heterogeneity within species when predicting consequences of climate change. Recognising intraspecific variability will improve conservation and management strategies and help anticipate broader ecosystem consequences of species redistribution due to ocean warming.
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16
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Nazzaro L, Slesinger E, Kohut J, Saba GK, Saba VS. Sensitivity of marine fish thermal habitat models to fishery data sources. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13001-13013. [PMID: 34646448 PMCID: PMC8495797 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical models built using different data sources and methods can exhibit conflicting patterns. We used the northern stock of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) as a case study to assess the impacts of using different fisheries data sources and laboratory-derived physiological metrics in the development of thermal habitat models for marine fishes. We constructed thermal habitat models using generalized additive models (GAMs) based on various fisheries datasets as input, including the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) bottom trawl surveys, various inshore fisheries-independent trawl surveys (state waters), NEFSC fisheries-dependent observer data, and laboratory-based physiological metrics. We compared each model's GAM response curve and coupled them to historical ocean conditions in the U.S. Northeast Shelf using bias-corrected ocean temperature output from a regional ocean model. Thermal habitat models based on shelf-wide data (NEFSC fisheries-dependent observer data and fisheries-independent spring and fall surveys) explained the most variation in black sea bass presence/absence data at ~15% deviance explained. Models based on a narrower range of sampled thermal habitat from inshore survey data in the Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (NEAMAP) and the geographically isolated Long Island Sound data performed poorly. All models had similar lower thermal limits around 8.5℃, but thermal optima, when present, ranged from 16.7 to 24.8℃. The GAMs could reliably predict habitat from years excluded from model training, but due to strong seasonal temperature fluctuations in the region, could not be used to predict habitat in seasons excluded from training. We conclude that survey data source can greatly impact development and interpretation of thermal habitat models for marine fishes. We suggest that model development be based on data sources that sample the widest range of ocean temperature and physical habitat throughout multiple seasons when possible, and encourage thorough consideration of how data gaps may influence model uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nazzaro
- Center for Ocean Observing LeadershipDepartment of Marine and Coastal SciencesSchool of Environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Emily Slesinger
- Center for Ocean Observing LeadershipDepartment of Marine and Coastal SciencesSchool of Environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Josh Kohut
- Center for Ocean Observing LeadershipDepartment of Marine and Coastal SciencesSchool of Environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Grace K. Saba
- Center for Ocean Observing LeadershipDepartment of Marine and Coastal SciencesSchool of Environmental and Biological SciencesRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Vincent S. Saba
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNortheast Fisheries Science CenterGeophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
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17
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Nielsen ES, Henriques R, Beger M, von der Heyden S. Distinct interspecific and intraspecific vulnerability of coastal species to global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3415-3431. [PMID: 33904200 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Characterising and predicting species responses to anthropogenic global change is one of the key challenges in contemporary ecology and conservation. The sensitivity of marine species to climate change is increasingly being described with forecasted species distributions, yet these rarely account for population level processes such as genomic variation and local adaptation. This study compares inter- and intraspecific patterns of biological composition to determine how vulnerability to climate change, and its environmental drivers, vary across species and populations. We compare species trajectories for three ecologically important southern African marine invertebrates at two time points in the future, both at the species level, with correlative species distribution models, and at the population level, with gradient forest models. Reported range shifts are species-specific and include both predicted range gains and losses. Forecasted species responses to climate change are strongly influenced by changes in a suite of environmental variables, from sea surface salinity and sea surface temperature, to minimum air temperature. Our results further suggest a mismatch between future habitat suitability (where species can remain in their ecological niche) and genomic vulnerability (where populations retain their genomic composition), highlighting the inter- and intraspecific variability in species' sensitivity to global change. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of considering species and population level climatic vulnerability when proactively managing coastal marine ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Nielsen
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Romina Henriques
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
- Section for Marine Living Resources, Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sophie von der Heyden
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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18
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Gervais CR, Champion C, Pecl GT. Species on the move around the Australian coastline: A continental-scale review of climate-driven species redistribution in marine systems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3200-3217. [PMID: 33835618 PMCID: PMC8251616 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate-driven changes in the distribution of species are a pervasive and accelerating impact of climate change, and despite increasing research effort in this rapidly emerging field, much remains unknown or poorly understood. We lack a holistic understanding of patterns and processes at local, regional and global scales, with detailed explorations of range shifts in the southern hemisphere particularly under-represented. Australian waters encompass the world's third largest marine jurisdiction, extending from tropical to sub-Antarctic climate zones, and have waters warming at rates twice the global average in the north and two to four times in the south. Here, we report the results of a multi-taxon continent-wide review describing observed and predicted species redistribution around the Australian coastline, and highlight critical gaps in knowledge impeding our understanding of, and response to, these considerable changes. Since range shifts were first reported in the region in 2003, 198 species from nine Phyla have been documented shifting their distribution, 87.3% of which are shifting poleward. However, there is little standardization of methods or metrics reported in observed or predicted shifts, and both are hindered by a lack of baseline data. Our results demonstrate the importance of historical data sets and underwater visual surveys, and also highlight that approximately one-fifth of studies incorporated citizen science. These findings emphasize the important role the public has had, and can continue to play, in understanding the impact of climate change. Most documented shifts are of coastal fish species in sub-tropical and temperate systems, while tropical systems in general were poorly explored. Moreover, most distributional changes are only described at the poleward boundary, with few studies considering changes at the warmer, equatorward range limit. Through identifying knowledge gaps and research limitations, this review highlights future opportunities for strategic research effort to improve the representation of Australian marine species and systems in climate-impact research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor R. Gervais
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Curtis Champion
- Fisheries ResearchNSW Department of Primary IndustriesCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- Southern Cross UniversityNational Marine Science CentreCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
| | - Gretta T. Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasAustralia
- Centre for Marine SocioecologyUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasAustralia
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19
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Fredston A, Pinsky M, Selden RL, Szuwalski C, Thorson JT, Gaines SD, Halpern BS. Range edges of North American marine species are tracking temperature over decades. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3145-3156. [PMID: 33759274 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of species range edges in the modern era is key to addressing fundamental biogeographic questions about abiotic and biotic drivers of species distributions. Range edges are where colonization and extirpation processes unfold, and so these dynamics are also important to understand for effective natural resource management and conservation. However, few studies to date have analyzed time series of range edge positions in the context of climate change, in part because range edges are difficult to detect. We first quantified positions for 165 range edges of marine fishes and invertebrates from three U.S. continental shelf regions using up to five decades of survey data and a spatiotemporal model to account for sampling and measurement variability. We then analyzed whether those range edges maintained their edge thermal niche-the temperatures found at the range edge position-over time. A large majority of range edges (88%) maintained either summer or winter temperature extremes at the range edge over the study period, and most maintained both (76%), although not all of those range edges shifted in space. However, we also found numerous range edges-particularly poleward edges and edges in the region that experienced the most warming-that did not shift at all, shifted further than predicted by temperature alone, or shifted opposite the direction expected, underscoring the multiplicity of factors that drive changes in range edge positions. This study suggests that range edges of temperate marine species have largely maintained the same edge thermal niche during periods of rapid change and provides a blueprint for testing whether and to what degree species range edges track temperature in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Fredston
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Malin Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Science Center, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Cody Szuwalski
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James T Thorson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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20
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Climate and land-use changes interact to drive long-term reorganization of riverine fish communities globally. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011639118. [PMID: 34155095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011639118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As climate change unfolds, changes in population dynamics and species distribution ranges are expected to fundamentally reshuffle communities worldwide. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and extent of community reorganization remains elusive. This is particularly true in riverine systems, which are simultaneously exposed to changing temperature and streamflow, and where land-use change continues to be a major driver of biodiversity loss. Here, we use the most comprehensive compilation of fish abundance time series to date to provide a global synthesis of climate- and LU-induced effects on riverine biota with respect to changes in species thermal and streamflow affinities. We demonstrate that fish communities are increasingly dominated by thermophilic (warm-water) and limnophilic (slow-water) species. Despite being consistent with trends in water temperature and streamflow observed over recent decades, these community changes appear largely decoupled from each other and show wide spatial variation. We further reveal a synergy among climate- and land use-related drivers, such that community thermophilization is heightened in more human-modified systems. Importantly, communities in which species experience thermal and flow regimes that approach or exceed their tolerance thresholds (high community sensitivity), as well as species-poor communities (low community resilience), also display faster rates of compositional change. This research illustrates that quantifying vulnerability of riverine systems to climate change requires a broadening from a narrower thermal focus to more integrative approaches that account for the spatially varying and multifaceted sensitivity of riverine organisms to the interactive effects of water temperature, hydrology, and other anthropogenic changes.
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21
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Patel SH, Winton MV, Hatch JM, Haas HL, Saba VS, Fay G, Smolowitz RJ. Projected shifts in loggerhead sea turtle thermal habitat in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean due to climate change. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8850. [PMID: 33893380 PMCID: PMC8065110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that sea turtles are vulnerable to atmospheric and oceanographic shifts associated with climate change. However, few studies have formally projected how their seasonal marine habitat may shift in response to warming ocean temperatures. Here we used a high-resolution global climate model and a large satellite tagging dataset to project changes in the future distribution of suitable thermal habitat for loggerheads along the northeastern continental shelf of the United States. Between 2009 and 2018, we deployed 196 satellite tags on loggerheads within the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) of the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf region, a seasonal foraging area. Tag location data combined with depth and remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) were used to characterize the species’ current thermal range in the MAB. The best-fitting model indicated that the habitat envelope for tagged loggerheads consisted of SST ranging from 11.0° to 29.7 °C and depths between 0 and 105.0 m. The calculated core bathythermal range consisted of SSTs between 15.0° and 28.0 °C and depths between 8.0 and 92.0 m, with the highest probability of presence occurred in regions with SST between 17.7° and 25.3 °C and at depths between 26.1 and 74.2 m. This model was then forced by a high-resolution global climate model under a doubling of atmospheric CO2 to project loggerhead probability of presence over the next 80 years. Our results suggest that loggerhead thermal habitat and seasonal duration will likely increase in northern regions of the NW Atlantic shelf. This change in spatiotemporal range for sea turtles in a region of high anthropogenic use may prompt adjustments to the localized protected species conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir H Patel
- Coonamessett Farm Foundation, 277 Hatchville Road, East Falmouth, MA, 02536, USA.
| | - Megan V Winton
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 836 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA, 02744, USA.,Atlantic White Shark Conservancy, 235 Orleans Road, North Chatham, MA, 02650, USA
| | - Joshua M Hatch
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Heather L Haas
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Vincent S Saba
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton University Forrestal Campus, 201 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Gavin Fay
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 836 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA, 02744, USA
| | - Ronald J Smolowitz
- Coonamessett Farm Foundation, 277 Hatchville Road, East Falmouth, MA, 02536, USA
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22
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Eustace A, Esser LF, Mremi R, Malonza PK, Mwaya RT. Protected areas network is not adequate to protect a critically endangered East Africa Chelonian: Modelling distribution of pancake tortoise, Malacochersus tornieri under current and future climates. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0238669. [PMID: 33471868 PMCID: PMC7816999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While the international pet trade and habitat destruction have been extensively discussed as major threats to the survival of the pancake tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri), the impact of climate change on the species remains unknown. In this study, we used species distribution modelling to predict the current and future distribution of pancake tortoises in Zambezian and Somalian biogeographical regions. We used 224 pancake tortoise occurrences obtained from Tanzania, Kenya and Zambia to estimate suitable and stable areas for the pancake tortoise in all countries present in these regions. We also used a protected area network to assess how many of the suitable and stable areas are protected for the conservation of this critically endangered species. Our model predicted the expansion of climatically suitable habitats for pancake tortoises from four countries and a total area of 90,668.75 km2 to ten countries in the future and an area of 343,459.60-401,179.70 km2. The model also showed that a more significant area of climatically suitable habitat for the species lies outside of the wildlife protected areas. Based on our results, we can predict that pancake tortoises may not suffer from habitat constriction. However, the species will continue to be at risk from the international pet trade, as most of the identified suitable habitats remain outside of protected areas. We suggest that efforts to conserve the pancake tortoise should not only focus on protected areas but also areas that are unprotected, as these comprise a large proportion of the suitable and stable habitats available following predicted future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luíz Fernando Esser
- Laboratório de Fitoecologia e Fitogeografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rudolf Mremi
- College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Moshi, Tanzania
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23
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Marine protected areas do not prevent marine heatwave-induced fish community structure changes in a temperate transition zone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21081. [PMID: 33273514 PMCID: PMC7712829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute climate events like marine heatwaves have the potential to temporarily or permanently alter community structure with effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We aimed to quantify the magnitude and consistency of climate driven community shifts inside and outside Marine Protected Areas before and after a marine heatwave using a kelp forest fish community dataset in southern California, USA. Abundance, biomass, diversity and recruitment of warm-water affinity species during the marine heatwave were significantly greater compared with prior years yet cool-water affinity species did not show commensurate declines. Fish communities inside MPAs were not buffered from these community shifts. This result is likely because the particular species most responsible for the community response to environmental drivers, were not fisheries targets. Resource managers working to preserve biodiversity in a changing climate will need to consider additional management tools and strategies in combination with protected areas to mitigate the effect of warming on marine communities.
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Pinsky ML, Rogers LA, Morley JW, Frölicher TL. Ocean planning for species on the move provides substantial benefits and requires few trade-offs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabb8428. [PMID: 33310845 PMCID: PMC7732182 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Societies increasingly use multisector ocean planning as a tool to mitigate conflicts over space in the sea, but such plans can be highly sensitive to species redistribution driven by climate change or other factors. A key uncertainty is whether planning ahead for future species redistributions imposes high opportunity costs and sharp trade-offs against current ocean plans. Here, we use more than 10,000 projections for marine animals around North America to test the impact of climate-driven species redistributions on the ability of ocean plans to meet their goals. We show that planning for redistributions can substantially reduce exposure to risks from climate change with little additional area set aside and with few trade-offs against current ocean plan effectiveness. Networks of management areas are a key strategy. While climate change will severely disrupt many human activities, we find a strong benefit to proactively planning for long-term ocean change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - L A Rogers
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - J W Morley
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Coastal Studies Institute, 850 NC 345, Wanchese, NC 27981, USA
| | - T L Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Roberts SM, Boustany AM, Halpin PN. Substrate-dependent fish have shifted less in distribution under climate change. Commun Biol 2020; 3:586. [PMID: 33067547 PMCID: PMC7567839 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of the impacts of climate change on fish species have primarily considered dynamic oceanographic variables that are the output of predictive models, yet fish species distributions are determined by much more than just variables such as ocean temperature. Functionally diverse species are differentially influenced by oceanographic as well as physiographic variables such as bottom substrate, thereby influencing their ability to shift distributions. Here, we show that fish species distributions that are more associated with bottom substrate than other dynamic environmental variables have shifted significantly less over the last 30 years than species whose distributions are associated with bottom salinity. Correspondingly, species whose distributions are primarily determined by bottom temperature or ocean salinity have shifted their mean centroid and southern and northern range boundaries significantly more than species whose distributions are determined by substrate or depth. The influence of oceanographic versus static variables differs by species functional group, as benthic species distributions are more associated with substrate and they have shifted significantly less than pelagic species whose distributions are primarily associated with ocean temperatures. In conclusion, benthic fish, that are more influenced by substrate, may prove much less likely to shift distributions under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Roberts
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Andre M Boustany
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA
| | - Patrick N Halpin
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Davis GE, Baumgartner MF, Corkeron PJ, Bell J, Berchok C, Bonnell JM, Bort Thornton J, Brault S, Buchanan GA, Cholewiak DM, Clark CW, Delarue J, Hatch LT, Klinck H, Kraus SD, Martin B, Mellinger DK, Moors‐Murphy H, Nieukirk S, Nowacek DP, Parks SE, Parry D, Pegg N, Read AJ, Rice AN, Risch D, Scott A, Soldevilla MS, Stafford KM, Stanistreet JE, Summers E, Todd S, Van Parijs SM. Exploring movement patterns and changing distributions of baleen whales in the western North Atlantic using a decade of passive acoustic data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4812-4840. [PMID: 32450009 PMCID: PMC7496396 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Six baleen whale species are found in the temperate western North Atlantic Ocean, with limited information existing on the distribution and movement patterns for most. There is mounting evidence of distributional shifts in many species, including marine mammals, likely because of climate-driven changes in ocean temperature and circulation. Previous acoustic studies examined the occurrence of minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) and North Atlantic right whales (NARW; Eubalaena glacialis). This study assesses the acoustic presence of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), sei (B. borealis), fin (B. physalus), and blue whales (B. musculus) over a decade, based on daily detections of their vocalizations. Data collected from 2004 to 2014 on 281 bottom-mounted recorders, totaling 35,033 days, were processed using automated detection software and screened for each species' presence. A published study on NARW acoustics revealed significant changes in occurrence patterns between the periods of 2004-2010 and 2011-2014; therefore, these same time periods were examined here. All four species were present from the Southeast United States to Greenland; humpback whales were also present in the Caribbean. All species occurred throughout all regions in the winter, suggesting that baleen whales are widely distributed during these months. Each of the species showed significant changes in acoustic occurrence after 2010. Similar to NARWs, sei whales had higher acoustic occurrence in mid-Atlantic regions after 2010. Fin, blue, and sei whales were more frequently detected in the northern latitudes of the study area after 2010. Despite this general northward shift, all four species were detected less on the Scotian Shelf area after 2010, matching documented shifts in prey availability in this region. A decade of acoustic observations have shown important distributional changes over the range of baleen whales, mirroring known climatic shifts and identifying new habitats that will require further protection from anthropogenic threats like fixed fishing gear, shipping, and noise pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve E. Davis
- NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterWoods HoleMAUSA
- University of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| | | | | | - Joel Bell
- Naval Facilities Engineering Command AtlanticNorfolkVAUSA
| | | | - Julianne M. Bonnell
- Integrated Statistics, Under contract to the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterWoods HoleMAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher W. Clark
- Center for Conservation BioacousticsCornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | | | - Leila T. Hatch
- NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine SanctuaryScituateMAUSA
| | - Holger Klinck
- Center for Conservation BioacousticsCornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Scott D. Kraus
- Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean LifeNew England AquariumBostonMAUSA
| | | | - David K. Mellinger
- Oregon State University and NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratoryNewportORUSA
| | - Hilary Moors‐Murphy
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNSCanada
| | - Sharon Nieukirk
- Oregon State University and NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratoryNewportORUSA
| | - Douglas P. Nowacek
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke University Marine LaboratoryBeaufortNCUSA
- Pratt School of EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | - Dawn Parry
- Center for Conservation BioacousticsCornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Nicole Pegg
- Integrated Statistics, Under contract to the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterWoods HoleMAUSA
| | - Andrew J. Read
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke University Marine LaboratoryBeaufortNCUSA
| | - Aaron N. Rice
- Center for Conservation BioacousticsCornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Denise Risch
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS)ObanUK
| | - Alyssa Scott
- Integrated Statistics, Under contract to the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterWoods HoleMAUSA
| | | | | | - Joy E. Stanistreet
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaBedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNSCanada
| | - Erin Summers
- Maine Department of Marine ResourcesWest Boothbay HarborMEUSA
| | - Sean Todd
- Allied WhaleCollege of the AtlanticBar HarborMEUSA
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27
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Crear DP, Watkins BE, Saba VS, Graves JE, Jensen DR, Hobday AJ, Weng KC. Contemporary and future distributions of cobia,
Rachycentron canadum. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Crear
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point VA USA
| | | | - Vincent S. Saba
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - John E. Graves
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point VA USA
| | | | - Alistair J. Hobday
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Kevin C. Weng
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Gloucester Point VA USA
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28
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29
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Tanaka KR, Torre MP, Saba VS, Stock CA, Chen Y. An ensemble high‐resolution projection of changes in the future habitat of American lobster and sea scallop in the Northeast US continental shelf. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kisei R. Tanaka
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
- School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Orono ME USA
| | | | - Vincent S. Saba
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Northeast Fisheries Science Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Charles A. Stock
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton University Forrestal Campus Princeton NJ USA
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Marine Sciences University of Maine Orono ME USA
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Nieukirk SL, Mellinger DK, Dziak RP, Matsumoto H, Klinck H. Multi-year occurrence of sei whale calls in North Atlantic polar waters. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:1842. [PMID: 32237857 DOI: 10.1121/10.0000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2009-2014, autonomous hydrophones were deployed on established long-term moorings in the Fram Strait and Greenland Sea to record multi-year, seasonal occurrence of vocalizing cetaceans. Sei whales have rarely been observed north of ∼72°N, yet there was acoustic evidence of sei whale presence in the Fram Strait for several months during all five years of the study. More sei whale calls were recorded at the easternmost moorings in the Fram Strait, likely because of the presence of warm Atlantic water and a strong front concentrating prey in this area. Sei whale vocalizations were not recorded at the Greenland Sea 2009-2010 mooring, either because this area is not part of the northward migratory path of sei whales or because oceanographic conditions were not suitable for foraging. No clear relationship between whale presence and water temperature data collected coincident with acoustic data was observed, but decadal time series of water temperature data collected in the eastern Fram Strait by others exhibit a warming trend, which may make conditions suitable for sei whales. Continued monitoring of the region will be required to determine if the presence of sei whales in these polar waters is ephemeral or a common occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Nieukirk
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - David K Mellinger
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Robert P Dziak
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97365, USA
| | - Haru Matsumoto
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Holger Klinck
- Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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