1
|
Schepers JR, Heblack J, Willi Y. Negative interaction effect of heat and drought stress at the warm end of species distribution. Oecologia 2024; 204:173-185. [PMID: 38253704 PMCID: PMC10830594 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Geographic range limits of species are often a reflection of their ecological niche limits. In many organisms, important niche limits that coincide with distribution limits are warm and warm-dry conditions. We investigated the effects of heat and drought, as they can occur at the warm end of distribution. In a greenhouse experiment, we raised North American Arabidopsis lyrata from the centre of its distribution as well as from low- and high-latitude limits under average and extreme conditions. We assessed plant growth and development, as well as leaf and root functional traits, and tested for a decline in performance and selection acting on growth, leaf, and root traits. Drought and heat, when applied alone, lowered plant performance, while combined stress caused synergistically negative effects. Plants from high latitudes did not survive under combined stress, whereas plants originating from central and low latitudes had low to moderate survival, indicating divergent adaptation. Traits positively associated with survival under drought, with or without heat, were delayed and slowed growth, though plastic responses in these traits were generally antagonistic to the direction of selection. In line, higher tolerance of stress in southern populations did not involve aspects of growth but rather a higher root-to-shoot ratio and thinner leaves. In conclusion, combined heat and drought, as can occur at southern range edges and presumably more so under global change, seriously impede the long-term persistence of A. lyrata, even though they impose selection and populations may adapt, though under likely interference by considerable maladaptive plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Schepers
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Heblack
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Willi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cho YB, Boyd RA, Ren Y, Lee MS, Jones SI, Ruiz-Vera UM, McGrath JM, Masters MD, Ort DR. Reducing chlorophyll levels in seed-filling stages results in higher seed nitrogen without impacting canopy carbon assimilation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:278-293. [PMID: 37828764 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the major light-absorbing pigment for plant photosynthesis. While evolution has been selected for high chlorophyll content in leaves, previous work suggests that domesticated crops grown in modern high-density agricultural environments overinvest in chlorophyll production, thereby lowering light use and nitrogen use efficiency. To investigate the potential benefits of reducing chlorophyll levels, we created ethanol-inducible RNAi tobacco mutants that suppress Mg-chelatase subunit I (CHLI) with small RNA within 3 h of induction and reduce chlorophyll within 5 days in field conditions. We initiated chlorophyll reduction later in plant development to avoid the highly sensitive seedling stage and to allow young plants to have full green leaves to maximise light interception before canopy formation. This study demonstrated that leaf chlorophyll reduction >60% during seed-filling stages increased tobacco seed nitrogen concentration by as much as 17% while canopy photosynthesis, biomass and seed yields were maintained. These results indicate that time-specific reduction of chlorophyll could be a novel strategy that decouples the inverse relationship between yield and seed nitrogen by utilising saved nitrogen from the reduction of chlorophyll while maintaining full carbon assimilation capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young B Cho
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan A Boyd
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yudong Ren
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Moon-Sub Lee
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah I Jones
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ursula M Ruiz-Vera
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Justin M McGrath
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael D Masters
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cavanagh AP, Ort DR. Transgenic strategies to improve the thermotolerance of photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:109-120. [PMID: 37273092 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Warming driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is irreversible over at least the next century, unless practical technologies are rapidly developed and deployed at scale to remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Accepting this reality highlights the central importance for crop agriculture to develop adaptation strategies for a warmer future. While nearly all processes in plants are impacted by above optimum temperatures, the impact of heat stress on photosynthetic processes stand out for their centrality. Here, we review transgenic strategies that show promise in improving the high-temperature tolerance of specific subprocesses of photosynthesis and in some cases have already been shown in proof of concept in field experiments to protect yield from high temperature-induced losses. We also highlight other manipulations to photosynthetic processes for which full proof of concept is still lacking but we contend warrant further attention. Warming that has already occurred over the past several decades has had detrimental impacts on crop production in many parts of the world. Declining productivity presages a rapidly developing global crisis in food security particularly in low income countries. Transgenic manipulation of photosynthesis to engineer greater high-temperature resilience holds encouraging promise to help meet this challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Cavanagh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Graf A, Wohlfahrt G, Aranda-Barranco S, Arriga N, Brümmer C, Ceschia E, Ciais P, Desai AR, Di Lonardo S, Gharun M, Grünwald T, Hörtnagl L, Kasak K, Klosterhalfen A, Knohl A, Kowalska N, Leuchner M, Lindroth A, Mauder M, Migliavacca M, Morel AC, Pfennig A, Poorter H, Terán CP, Reitz O, Rebmann C, Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Schmidt M, Šigut L, Tomelleri E, Yu K, Varlagin A, Vereecken H. Joint optimization of land carbon uptake and albedo can help achieve moderate instantaneous and long-term cooling effects. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 4:298. [PMID: 38665193 PMCID: PMC11041785 DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Both carbon dioxide uptake and albedo of the land surface affect global climate. However, climate change mitigation by increasing carbon uptake can cause a warming trade-off by decreasing albedo, with most research focusing on afforestation and its interaction with snow. Here, we present carbon uptake and albedo observations from 176 globally distributed flux stations. We demonstrate a gradual decline in maximum achievable annual albedo as carbon uptake increases, even within subgroups of non-forest and snow-free ecosystems. Based on a paired-site permutation approach, we quantify the likely impact of land use on carbon uptake and albedo. Shifting to the maximum attainable carbon uptake at each site would likely cause moderate net global warming for the first approximately 20 years, followed by a strong cooling effect. A balanced policy co-optimizing carbon uptake and albedo is possible that avoids warming on any timescale, but results in a weaker long-term cooling effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Graf
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ökologie, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergio Aranda-Barranco
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18071 Granada, Spain
- Departament of Ecology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Christian Brümmer
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric Ceschia
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191 France
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sara Di Lonardo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems-National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mana Gharun
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Grünwald
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, 8092 Switzerland
| | - Kuno Kasak
- Department of Geography, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Natalia Kowalska
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Leuchner
- Physical Geography and Climatology, Institute of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anders Lindroth
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mauder
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra C. Morel
- Division of Energy, Environment and Society, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andreas Pfennig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Christian Poppe Terán
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Reitz
- Physical Geography and Climatology, Institute of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinna Rebmann
- Department Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa
- Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, Centre for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Enrico Tomelleri
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ke Yu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191 France
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Leninsky pr.33, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Colpo A, Demaria S, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S, Brestič M, Živčak M, Ferroni L. Long-Term Alleviation of the Functional Phenotype in Chlorophyll-Deficient Wheat and Impact on Productivity: A Semi-Field Phenotyping Experiment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:822. [PMID: 36840171 PMCID: PMC9964019 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wheat mutants with a reduced chlorophyll synthesis are affected by a defective control of the photosynthetic electron flow, but tend to recover a wild-type phenotype. The sensitivity of some mutants to light fluctuations suggested that cultivation outdoors could significantly impact productivity. Six mutant lines of Triticum durum or Triticum aestivum with their respective wild-type cultivars were cultivated with a regular seasonal cycle (October-May) in a semi-field experiment. Leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters were analysed at the early (November) and late (May) developmental stages, and checked for correlation with morphometric and grain-production parameters. The alleviation of the phenotype severity concerned primarily the recovery of the photosynthetic-membrane functionality, but not the leaf chlorophyll content. Photosystem II (PSII) was less photoprotected in the mutants, but a moderate PSII photoinhibition could help control the electron flow into the chain. The accumulation of interchain electron carriers was a primary acclimative response towards the naturally fluctuating environment, maximally exploited by the mature durum-wheat mutants. The mutation itself and/or the energy-consuming compensatory mechanisms markedly influenced the plant morphogenesis, leading especially to reduced tillering, which in turn resulted in lower grain production per plant. Consistently with the interrelation between early photosynthetic phenotype and grain-yield per plant, chlorophyll-fluorescence indexes related to the level of photoprotective thermal dissipation (pNPQ), photosystem II antenna size (ABS/RC), and pool of electron carriers (Sm) are proposed as good candidates for the in-field phenotyping of chlorophyll-deficient wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colpo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Sara Demaria
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Baldisserotto
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marian Brestič
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Živčak
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Trieda A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raman H, Shamaya N, Pirathiban R, McVittie B, Raman R, Cullis B, Easton A. Quantitative Trait Loci for Genotype and Genotype by Environment Interaction Effects for Seed Yield Plasticity to Terminal Water-Deficit Conditions in Canola ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040720. [PMID: 36840067 PMCID: PMC9964187 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Canola plants suffer severe crop yield and oil content reductions when exposed to water-deficit conditions, especially during the reproductive stages of plant development. There is a pressing need to develop canola cultivars that can perform better under increased water-deficit conditions with changing weather patterns. In this study, we analysed genetic determinants for the main effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL), (Q), and the interaction effects of QTL and Environment (QE) underlying seed yield and related traits utilising 223 doubled haploid (DH) lines of canola in well-watered and water-deficit conditions under a rainout shelter. Moderate water-deficit at the pre-flowering stage reduced the seed yield to 40.8%. Multi-environmental QTL analysis revealed 23 genomic regions associated with days to flower (DTF), plant height (PH) and seed yield (SY) under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Three seed yield QTL for main effects were identified on chromosomes A09, C03, and C09, while two were related to QE interactions on A02 and C09. Two QTL regions were co-localised to similar genomic regions for flowering time and seed yield (A09) and the second for plant height and chlorophyll content. The A09 QTL was co-located with a previously mapped QTL for carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) that showed a positive relationship with seed yield in the same population. Opposite allelic effects for plasticity in seed yield were identified due to QE interactions in response to water stress on chromosomes A02 and C09. Our results showed that QTL's allelic effects for DTF, PH, and SY and their correlation with Δ13C are stable across environments (field conditions, previous study) and contrasting water regimes (this study). The QTL and DH lines that showed high yield under well-watered and water-deficit conditions could be used to manipulate water-use efficiency for breeding improved canola cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Raman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Nawar Shamaya
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Ramethaa Pirathiban
- Centre for Biometrics and Data Science for Sustainable Primary Industries, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brett McVittie
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Rosy Raman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Brian Cullis
- Centre for Biometrics and Data Science for Sustainable Primary Industries, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Andrew Easton
- Advanta Seeds Pty Ltd., 268 Anzac Avenue, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caferri R, Bassi R. Plants and water in a changing world: a physiological and ecological perspective. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2022; 33:479-487. [PMID: 35991676 PMCID: PMC9374581 DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission by replacing fossil energy stocks with carbon–neutral fuels is a major topic of the political and scientific debate on environmental sustainability. Such shift in energy sources is expected to curtail the accumulation rate of atmospheric CO2, which is a strong infrared absorber and thus contributes to the global warming effect. Although such change would produce desirable outputs, the consequences of a drastic decrease in atmospheric CO2 (the substrate of photosynthesis) should be carefully considered in the light of its potential impact on ecosystems stability and agricultural productivity. Indeed, plants regulate CO2 uptake and water loss through the same anatomical structure: the leaf stomata. A reduced CO2 availability is thus expected to enhance transpiration rate in plants decreasing their water use efficiency and imposing an increased water demand for both agricultural and wild ecosystems. We suggest that this largely underestimated issue should be duly considered when implementing policies that aim at the mitigation of global environmental changes and, at the same time, promote sustainable agricultural practices, include the preservation of biodiversity. Also, we underlie the important role(s) that modern biotechnology could play to tackle these global challenges by introducing new traits aimed at creating crop varieties with enhanced CO2 capture and water- and light-use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Caferri
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Y, Li T, Zhang R, Wang J, Zhu J, Li Y, Chen X, Pan J, Shen Y, Wang F, Li J, Tian D. Plant Evolution History Overwhelms Current Environment Gradients in Affecting Leaf Chlorophyll Across the Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941983. [PMID: 35898216 PMCID: PMC9309890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) is a fundamental component and good proxy for plant photosynthesis. However, we know little about the large-scale patterns of leaf Chl and the relative roles of current environment changes vs. plant evolution in driving leaf Chl variations. LOCATIONS The east to west grassland transect of the Tibetan Plateau. METHODS We performed a grassland transect over 1,600 km across the Tibetan Plateau, measuring leaf Chl among 677 site-species. RESULTS Leaf Chl showed a significantly spatial pattern across the grasslands in the Tibetan Plateau, decreasing with latitude but increasing with longitude. Along with environmental gradient, leaf Chl decreased with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), but increased with water availability and soil nitrogen availability. Furthermore, leaf Chl also showed significant differences among functional groups (C4 > C3 species; legumes < non-legume species), but no difference between annual and perennial species. However, we surprisingly found that plant evolution played a dominant role in shaping leaf Chl variations when comparing the sum and individual effects of all the environmental factors above. Moreover, we revealed that leaf Chl non-linearly decreased with plant evolutionary divergence time. This well-matches the non-linearly increasing trend in PAR or decreasing trend in temperature during the geological time-scale uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. MAIN CONCLUSION This study highlights the dominant role of plant evolution in determining leaf Chl variations across the Tibetan Plateau. Given the fundamental role of Chl for photosynthesis, these results provide new insights into reconsidering photosynthesis capacity in alpine plants and the carbon cycle in an evolutionary view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Junxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, China Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|