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Pan B, Qian Z, Xu Z, Yang J, Tao B, Sun X, Xu X, Yu Y, Wang J, Tao X. Edaphic factors mediate the responses of forest soil respiration and its components to nitrogen deposition along an urban-rural gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174423. [PMID: 38969114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the influences of nitrogen deposition on soil carbon (C) flux is necessary for predicting C cycling processes; however, few studies have investigated the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration (Rs), autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) across urban-rural forests. In this study, a 4-year simulated nitrogen deposition experiment was conducted by treating the experimental plots with 0, 50, or 100 kg·ha-1·year-1 of nitrogen to check out the mechanisms of nitrogen deposition on Rs, Ra, and Rh in urban-rural forests. Our finding indicated a positive association between soil temperature and Rs. Soil temperature sensitivity was significantly suppressed in the experimental plots treated with 100 kg·ha-1·year-1 of nitrogen only in terms of the urban forest Rs and Ra and the rural forest Ra. Nitrogen treatment did not significantly increase Rs and had different influencing mechanisms. In urban forests, nitrogen addition contributed to Rh by increasing soil microbial biomass nitrogen and inhibited Ra by increasing soil ammonium‑nitrogen concentration. In suburban forests, the lack of response of Rh under nitrogen addition was due to the combined effects of soil ammonium‑nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen; the indirect effects from nitrate‑nitrogen also contributed to a divergent effect on Ra. In rural forests, the soil pH, dissolved organic C, fine root biomass, and microbial biomass C concentration were the main factors mediating Rs and its components. In summary, the current rate of nitrogen deposition is unlikely to result in significant increases in soil C release in urban-rural forests, high nitrogen deposition is beneficial for reducing the temperature sensitivity of Rs in urban forests. The findings grant a groundwork for predicting responses of forest soil C cycling to global change in the context of urban expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxu Pan
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Qian
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zaoshi Xu
- Anhui Provincial Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Station, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Boyu Tao
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaoniu Xu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuanchun Yu
- College of Ecology and the Environment, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao Tao
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, Hefei Urban Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, China.
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He T, Lin W, Yang S, Du J, Giri B, Feng C, Gilliam FS, Zhang F, Zhang X, Zhang X. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce soil N 2O emissions by altering root traits and soil denitrifier community composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173065. [PMID: 38723969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase the ability of plants to obtain nitrogen (N) from the soil, and thus can affect emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a long-lived potent greenhouse gas. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMF on N2O emissions are still poorly understood, particularly in agroecosystems with different forms of N fertilizer inputs. Utilizing a mesocosm experiment in field, we examined the effects of AMF on N2O emissions via their influence on maize root traits and denitrifying microorganisms under ammonia and nitrate fertilizer input using 15N isotope tracer. Here we show that the presence of AMF alone or both maize roots and AMF increased maize biomass and their 15N uptake, root length, root surface area, and root volume, but led to a reduction in N2O emissions under both N input forms. Random forest model showed that root length and surface area were the most important predictors of N2O emissions. Additionally, the presence of AMF reduced the (nirK + nirS)/nosZ ratio by increasing the relative abundance of nirS-Bradyrhizobium and Rubrivivax with ammonia input, but reducing nosZ-Azospirillum, Cupriavidus and Rhodopseudomonas under both fertilizer input. Further, N2O emissions were significantly and positively correlated with the nosZ-type Azospirillum, Cupriavidus and Rhodopseudomonas, but negatively correlated with the nirS-type Bradyrhizobium and Rubrivivax. These results indicate that AMF reduce N2O emissions by increasing root length to explore N nutrients and altering the community composition of denitrifiers, suggesting that effective management of N fertilizer forms interacting with the rhizosphere microbiome may help mitigate N2O emissions under future N input scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangqing He
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Co-construction State Key, Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Co-construction State Key, Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Du
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Co-construction State Key, Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Bhoopander Giri
- Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Cheng Feng
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Co-construction State Key, Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Frank S Gilliam
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of West Florida, Pensacola FL32514, USA
| | - Fuliang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Co-construction State Key, Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Co-construction State Key, Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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Lin Q, Zhu J, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Yu G. Patterns and drivers of atmospheric nitrogen deposition retention in global forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17410. [PMID: 38978457 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Forests are the largest carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems, and the impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on this carbon sink depends on the fate of external N inputs. However, the patterns and driving factors of N retention in different forest compartments remain elusive. In this study, we synthesized 408 observations from global forest 15N tracer experiments to reveal the variation and underlying mechanisms of 15N retention in plants and soils. The results showed that the average total ecosystem 15N retention in global forests was 63.04 ± 1.23%, with the soil pool being the main N sink (45.76 ± 1.29%). Plants absorbed 17.28 ± 0.83% of 15N, with more allocated to leaves (5.83 ± 0.63%) and roots (5.84 ± 0.44%). In subtropical and tropical forests, 15N was mainly absorbed by plants and mineral soils, while the organic soil layer in temperate forests retained more 15N. Additionally, forests retained moreN 15 H 4 + $$ {}^{15}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_4^{+} $$ thanN 15 O 3 - $$ {}^{15}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_3^{-} $$ , primarily due to the stronger capacity of the organic soil layer to retainN 15 H 4 + $$ {}^{15}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_4^{+} $$ . The mechanisms of 15N retention varied among ecosystem compartments, with total ecosystem 15N retention affected by N deposition. Plant 15N retention was influenced by vegetative and microbial nutrient demands, while soil 15N retention was regulated by climate factors and soil nutrient supply. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of climate and nutrient supply and demand in regulating forest N retention and provides data to further explore the impacts of N deposition on forest carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Tian Y, Zhou P, Zhou L, Zhang L, Lin Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Hui D, Ren H, Lu H. Multi-ecosystem services differently affected by over-canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a typical subtropical forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17192. [PMID: 38369693 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining a holistic understanding of the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on multiple ecosystem services of forest is essential for developing comprehensive and sustainable strategies, particularly in heavy N deposition regions such as subtropical China. However, such impacts remain incompletely understood, with most previous studies focus on individual ecosystem function or service via understory N addition experiments. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the effects of over-canopy and understory N additions on multiple ecosystem services based on a 7-year large-scale field experiment in a typical subtropical forest. Our results showed continued over-canopy N addition with 50 kg ha-1 year-1 over a period of 4-7 years significantly increased plant nutrient retention, but did not affect the services of soil nutrient accumulation, water yield, C sequestration (in plants and soil), or oxygen release. There were trade-offs between the soil and plant on providing the services of nutrient accumulation/retention and C sequestration under over-canopy N addition. However, without uptake and retention of tree canopy, the trade-off between soil and plant were more weaken under the understory N addition with 50 kg ha-1 year-1 , and their relationships were even synergetic under the understory N addition with 25 kg ha-1 year-1 . The results suggest that understory N addition cannot accurately simulate the effects of atmospheric N deposition on multiple services, along with mutual relationships. Interestingly, the services of plant N, P retention, and C sequestration exhibited a synergetic increase under the over-canopy N addition but a decrease under the understory N addition. Our results also found tree layer plays a primary role in providing plant nutrient retention service and is sensitive to atmospheric N deposition. Further studies are needed to investigate the generalized effects of forest canopy processes on alleviating the threaten of global change factors in different forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center on Science-Tech of Ecology and Landscape, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Urban Ecosystem, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Forestry Comprehensive Affairs Center of Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongbiao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjia Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Du C, Guo Q, Wu P, Yi Z, Wei R, Dong X, Zerizghi T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Estimating atmospheric nitrogen deposition within a large river basin using moss nitrogen and isotope signatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140617. [PMID: 37926163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessing flux and primary sources of the atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition with high spatial resolution remained challenging. The epilithic moss is considered a suitable biological monitor to explore N deposition. Our study presented a detailed analysis of flux and major source contributions of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) deposition using N and δ15N signatures of epilithic moss collected densely from the Yangtze River basin. The results showed a more negative δ15N and higher N concentration of the moss in cropland and urban area than in forest and grassland of the basin. A gradient of the estimated N deposition (9.6-34.0 kg ha-1 yr-1) occurred from the Tibetan Plateau to lower reaches, with amount of NH4+ was approximately three times higher than NO3- deposition. The contribution from volatilization to NH4+ deposition (33.28 ± 8.10%) was less than the contribution from combustion (66.72 ± 8.10%), inconsistent with the traditional findings that N fertilizer and livestock waste are the principal sources of NH3 emissions. Fossil fuel was the dominant sources of NO3- deposition, accounted for 70.22 ± 18.67%. From 2006 to 2019, the source contribution of N deposition in forest remained unchanged, while NH3 volatilization and fossil fuel emitted NOx in urban areas have increased. Our findings highlighted the importance of combustion sources to N deposition in the Yangtze River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Du
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Pengcheng Wu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhaoqin Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinyuan Dong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Teklit Zerizghi
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, PO Box 100281, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Choi WJ, Park HJ, Baek N, In Yang H, Kwak JH, Lee SI, Park SW, Shin ES, Lim SS. Patterns of δ 15N in forest soils and tree foliage and rings between climate zones in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165866. [PMID: 37516182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The stable nitrogen (N) isotope ratio (δ15N) of forest samples (soils, tree foliage, and tree rings) has been used as a powerful indicator to explore the responses of forest N cycling to atmospheric N deposition. This review investigated the patterns of δ15N in forest samples between climate zones in relation to N deposition. Forest samples exhibited distinctive δ15N patterns between climate zones due to differences in site conditions (i.e., N availability and retention capacity) and the atmospheric N deposition characteristics (i.e., N deposition rate, N species, and δ15N of deposited N). For example, the δ15N of soil and foliage was higher for tropical forests than for other forests by >1.2 ‰ and 4 ‰, respectively due to the site conditions favoring N losses coupled with relatively low N deposition for tropical forests. This was further supported by the unchanged or increased δ15N of tree rings in tropical forests, which contrasts with other climate zones that exhibited a decreased wood δ15N since the 1920s. Subtropical forests under a high deposition of reduced N (NHy) had a lower δ15N by 2-5 ‰ in the organic layer compared with the other forests, reflecting high retention of 15N-depleted NHy deposition. At severely polluted sites in East Asia, the decreased δ15N in wood also reflected the consistent deposition of 15N-depleted NHy. Though our data analysis represents only a subset of global forest sites where atmospheric N deposition is of interest, the results suggest that the direction and magnitude of the changes in the δ15N of forest samples are related to both atmospheric N and site conditions particularly for tropical vs. subtropical forests. Site-specific information on the atmospheric N deposition characteristics would allow more accurate assessment of the variations in the δ15N of forest samples in relation to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jung Choi
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Crop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabukdo 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Baek
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jin-Hyeob Kwak
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 57896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Lee
- Climate Change Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabukdo 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Woo Park
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Shin
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Lim
- Bio R&D Center, CJ Cheiljedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16495, Republic of Korea
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Yang J, Lu J, Yang Y, Tian K, Kong X, Tian X, Scheu S. Earthworms neutralize the influence of components of particulate pollutants on soil extracellular enzymatic functions in subtropical forests. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15720. [PMID: 37551350 PMCID: PMC10404396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities are increasing the input of atmospheric particulate pollutants to forests. The components of particulate pollutants include inorganic anions, base cations and hydrocarbons. Continuous input of particulate pollutants may affect soil functioning in forests, but their effects may be modified by soil fauna. However, studies investigating how soil fauna affects the effects of particulate pollutants on soil functioning are lacking. Here, we investigated how earthworms and the particulate components interact in affecting soil enzymatic functions in a deciduous (Quercus variabilis) and a coniferous (Pinus massoniana) forest in southeast China. We manipulated the addition of nitrogen (N, ammonium nitrate), sodium (Na, sodium chloride) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, five mixed PAHs) in field mesocosms with and without Eisenia fetida, an earthworm species colonizing forests in eastern China. After one year, N and Na addition increased, whereas PAHs decreased soil enzymatic functions, based on average Z scores of extracellular enzyme activities. Earthworms generally stabilized soil enzymatic functions via neutralizing the effects of N, Na and PAHs addition in the deciduous but not in the coniferous forest. Specifically, earthworms neutralized the effects of N and Na addition on soil pH and the effects of the addition of PAHs on soil microbial biomass. Further, both particulate components and earthworms changed the correlations among soil enzymatic and other ecosystem functions in the deciduous forest, but the effects depended on the type of particulate components. Generally, the effects of particulate components and earthworms on soil enzymatic functions were weaker in the coniferous than the deciduous forest. Overall, the results indicate that earthworms stabilize soil enzymatic functions in the deciduous but not the coniferous forest irrespective of the type of particulate components. This suggests that earthworms may neutralize the influence of atmospheric particulate pollutants on ecosystem functions, but the neutralization may be restricted to deciduous forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Jingzhong Lu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Yinghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Tian
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangshi Kong
- Key Laboratory for Ecotourism of Hunan Province, School of Tourism and Management Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Yang J, Tian K, Lu J, Kong X, Li Q, Ye R, Zeng X, Cao T, Hu H, Ji Y, Tian X, Scheu S. Earthworms increase forest litter mass loss irrespective of deposited compounds - A field manipulation experiment in subtropical forests. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10047. [PMID: 37139404 PMCID: PMC10150166 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Earthworms modulate carbon and nitrogen cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, but their effect may be compromised by the deposition of pollutants from industrial emissions. However, studies investigating how deposited compounds affect the role of earthworms in carbon cycling such as litter decomposition are lacking, although the interactions of earthworms and deposited compounds are important for understanding the impact of pollutants on ecosystems and the potential of earthworms in bioremediation. We performed a 365-day in situ litterbag decomposition experiment in a deciduous (Quercus variabilis) and coniferous (Pinus massoniana) forest in southeast China. We manipulated nitrogen (N), sodium (Na), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model compounds during litter decomposition with and without earthworms (Eisenia fetida). After one year, N, Na, and PAH all slowed down litter mass loss, with the effects of Na being the strongest. By contrast, E. fetida generally increased litter mass loss, and the positive effects were uniformly maintained irrespective of the type of compounds added. However, the pathways to how earthworms increased litter mass loss varied among the compounds added and the two forests studied. As indicated by structural equation modeling, earthworms mitigated the negative effects of deposited compounds by directly increasing litter mass loss and indirectly increasing soil pH and microbial biomass. Overall, the results indicate that the acceleration of litter mass loss by earthworms is little affected by deposited compounds, and that earthworms have the potential to mitigate negative impacts of pollutants on litter decomposition and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Johann‐Friedrich‐Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Kai Tian
- College of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangChina
| | - Jingzhong Lu
- Johann‐Friedrich‐Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Xiangshi Kong
- Key Laboratory for Ecotourism of Hunan Province, School of Tourism and Management EngineeringJishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Rumeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoyi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tingting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haijing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yanli Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xingjun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Eco‐Environmental EngineeringQinghai UniversityXiningChina
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Johann‐Friedrich‐Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Center of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land UseUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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Tian Y, Wang J, Zhou L, Tao L, Lin Y, Hui D, Ren H, Lu H. Nitrogen budgets of a lower subtropical forest as affected by 6 years of over-canopy and understory nitrogen additions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158546. [PMID: 36067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although tropical and subtropical regions have replaced temperate regions as the global-change hotspots for increased atmosphere nitrogen (N) deposition, whether the regional forests reach N saturation is still unclear. Understory or floor N addition has been commonly used in N-deposition studies, but the results of such studies have recently been challenged because they fail to account for canopy interception, assimilation, and leaching processes. Here, we conducted a field experiment to quantify the effects of over-canopy and understory N addition on N budgets in a lower subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaved (LSMEB) forest. We found that the LSMEB forest was not N saturated after receiving additional N at 25 and 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 for 6 years. Plants were able to absorb the added N by increasing the N concentrations in their organs, with 120-412 % increasing trend of plant N pools under N-addition treatments. Canopy absorption of N resulting from over-canopy N addition led to increases in N concentrations in tree organs but not to increases in tree biomass. Understory N addition could underestimate the effects of N deposition in forests due to neglecting canopy N interception and canopy effects on N redistribution. Additional experiments using over-canopy N addition are needed to assess the true effects of N deposition on different forest ecosystems in different climate zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Forestry Comprehensive Affairs Center of Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510540, China
| | - Libin Tao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yongbiao Lin
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Hai Ren
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Hongfang Lu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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Yuan XQ, Guo ZL, Duan CQ, Yang J, Tang H, Li LY, Li T, Liu CE. Alleviation of heavy metal stress and enhanced plant complex functional restoration in abandoned Pb–Zn mining areas by the nurse plant Coriaria nepalensis. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1006468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution caused by mining has been a topic of concern globally because it threatens ecological functions and human health. Nearly all current remediation strategies take into account only such short-term issues as how to reduce or stabilize the content of heavy metals in soil, how to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals, and how to preserve water, soil and nutrients. However, little attention is paid to such long-term issues as whether plants can survive, whether communities can be stabilized, and whether ecosystem functions can be restored. Therefore, improving plant diversity and community stability are key aspects of improved mine restoration. To explore the possibility of reconstructing plant complexes in mining areas, the local nurse plant Coriaria nepalensis was selected as the research object for a study in the Huize Pb–Zn mining area of southwest China. C. nepalensis could increase the contents of nutrient elements (C, N, and P), reduce the contents of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), and strengthen the plant complex functions (diversity, functional traits, and complex biomass) in its root zone. In general, C. nepalensis can form fertility islands (survival islands) in mining areas, which facilitate the colonization and success of additional less stress-resistant species. We propose C. nepalensis as a key species for use in restoration based on its ability to restore ecosystem functions under extremely stressful conditions. We encourage combination of C. nepalensis with other nurse plants to reinforce the rehabilitation of ecosystem functions.
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11
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Sun ZC, Ma TY, Xu SQ, Guo HR, Hu CC, Chen CJ, Song W, Liu XY. Levels and variations of soil bioavailable nitrogen among forests under high atmospheric nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156405. [PMID: 35660601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To examine the perturbation of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on soil N status and the biogeochemical cycle is meaningful for understanding forest function evolution with environmental changes. However, levels of soil bioavailable N and their environmental controls in forests receiving high atmospheric N deposition remain less investigated, which hinders evaluating the effects of enhanced anthropogenic N loading on forest N availability and N losses. This study analyzed concentrations of soil extractable N, microbial biomass N, net rates of N mineralization and nitrification, and their relationships with environmental factors among 26 temperate forests under the N deposition rates between 28.7 and 69.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of northern China. Compared with other forests globally, forests in the BTH region showed higher levels of soil bioavailable N (NH4+, 27.1 ± 0.8 mg N kg-1; NO3-, 7.0 ± 0.8 mg N kg-1) but lower net rates of N mineralization and nitrification (0.5 ± 0.1 mg N kg-1 d-1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 mg N kg-1 d-1, respectively). Increasing N deposition levels increased soil nitrification and NO3- concentrations but did not increase microbial biomass N and N mineralization among the study forests. Soil moisture and C availability were found as dominant factors influencing microbial N mineralization and bioavailable N. In addition, by budgeting the differences in soil total N densities between the 2000s and 2010s, atmospheric N inputs to the forests were more retained in soils than lost proportionally (84% vs. 16%). We concluded that the high N deposition enriched soil N without stimulating microbial N mineralization among the study forests. These results clarified soil N status and the major controlling factors under high anthropogenic N loading, which is helpful for evaluating the fates and ecological effects of atmospheric N pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Cong Sun
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tian-Yi Ma
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao-Ran Guo
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao-Chen Hu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chong-Juan Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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12
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Retention of deposited ammonium and nitrate and its impact on the global forest carbon sink. Nat Commun 2022; 13:880. [PMID: 35169118 PMCID: PMC8847626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition on the global forest carbon (C) sink and other ecosystem services may depend on whether N is deposited in reduced (mainly as ammonium) or oxidized forms (mainly as nitrate) and the subsequent fate of each. However, the fates of the two key reactive N forms and their contributions to forest C sinks are unclear. Here, we analyze results from 13 ecosystem-scale paired 15N-labelling experiments in temperate, subtropical, and tropical forests. Results show that total ecosystem N retention is similar for ammonium and nitrate, but plants take up more labelled nitrate ([Formula: see text]%) ([Formula: see text]) than ammonium ([Formula: see text]%) while soils retain more ammonium ([Formula: see text]%) than nitrate ([Formula: see text]%). We estimate that the N deposition-induced C sink in forests in the 2010s is [Formula: see text] Pg C yr-1, higher than previous estimates because of a larger role for oxidized N and greater rates of global N deposition.
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13
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Mao J, Mao Q, Gundersen P, Gurmesa GA, Zhang W, Huang J, Wang S, Li A, Wang Y, Guo Y, Liu R, Mo J, Zheng M. Unexpected high retention of 15 N-labeled nitrogen in a tropical legume forest under long-term nitrogen enrichment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1529-1543. [PMID: 34800306 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The responses of forests to nitrogen (N) deposition largely depend on the fates of deposited N within the ecosystem. Nitrogen-fixing legume trees widely occur in terrestrial forests, but the fates of deposited N in legume-dominated forests remain unclear, which limit a global evaluation of N deposition impacts and feedbacks on carbon sequestration. Here, we performed the first ecosystem-scale 15 N labeling experiment in a typical legume-dominated forest as well as in a nearby non-legume forest to determine the fates of N deposition between two different forest types and to explore their underlying mechanisms. The 15 N was sprayed bimonthly for 1 year to the forest floor in control and N addition (50 kg N ha-1 year-1 for 10 years) plots in both forests. We unexpectedly found a strong capacity of the legume forest to retain deposited N, with 75 ± 5% labeled N recovered in plants and soils, which was higher than that in the non-legume forest (56 ± 4%). The higher 15 N recovery in legume forest was mainly driven by uptake by the legume trees, in which 15 N recovery was approximately 15% more than that in the nearby non-legume trees. This indicates higher N-demand by the legume than non-legume trees. Mineral soil was the major sink for deposited N, with 39 ± 4% and 34 ± 3% labeled N retained in the legume and non-legume forests, respectively. Moreover, N addition did not significantly change the 15 N recovery patterns of both forests. Overall, these findings indicate that legume-dominated forests act as a strong sink for deposited N regardless of high soil N availability under long-term atmospheric N deposition, which suggest a necessity to incorporate legume-dominated forests into N-cycling models of Earth systems to improve the understanding and prediction of terrestrial N budgets and the global N deposition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Qinggong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Geshere A Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Andi Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yabing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mianhai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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14
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The retention dynamics of early-spring N input in a temperate forest ecosystem: Implications for winter N deposition. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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