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Dole HE, Villamarin-Cortez S, Richards LA. Facing the flames: insect responses to megafires and changing fire regimes. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 60:101129. [PMID: 37802150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The rise of megafires and extreme fire behaviors poses a significant threat to insect populations, affecting their survival and postfire recolonization. Megafires threaten the entire insect communities by changing fire regimes and habitats. These fires are now burning non-fire-prone ecosystems, endangering non-fire-adapted insects and habitats. While implementing prescribed burn programs can reduce the chances of megafires from developing, some megafires will be unpreventable. Land managers can mitigate the fire impacts by creating refugia and promoting heterogeneity in burn severity through fire control measures. Last, these post-megafire landscapes can provide an opportunity to restore historical fire regimes through subsequent prescribed burn management. This will revitalize ecosystems, benefit insects, and reduce the likelihood of future megafires and subsequent insect loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Dole
- University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Santiago Villamarin-Cortez
- University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA; Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Dirección de Posgrado, Numa Pompilio Llona y Yaguachi, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lora A Richards
- University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Dorey JB, Fischer EE, Chesshire PR, Nava-Bolaños A, O'Reilly RL, Bossert S, Collins SM, Lichtenberg EM, Tucker EM, Smith-Pardo A, Falcon-Brindis A, Guevara DA, Ribeiro B, de Pedro D, Pickering J, Hung KLJ, Parys KA, McCabe LM, Rogan MS, Minckley RL, Velazco SJE, Griswold T, Zarrillo TA, Jetz W, Sica YV, Orr MC, Guzman LM, Ascher JS, Hughes AC, Cobb NS. A globally synthesised and flagged bee occurrence dataset and cleaning workflow. Sci Data 2023; 10:747. [PMID: 37919303 PMCID: PMC10622554 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Species occurrence data are foundational for research, conservation, and science communication, but the limited availability and accessibility of reliable data represents a major obstacle, particularly for insects, which face mounting pressures. We present BeeBDC, a new R package, and a global bee occurrence dataset to address this issue. We combined >18.3 million bee occurrence records from multiple public repositories (GBIF, SCAN, iDigBio, USGS, ALA) and smaller datasets, then standardised, flagged, deduplicated, and cleaned the data using the reproducible BeeBDC R-workflow. Specifically, we harmonised species names (following established global taxonomy), country names, and collection dates and, we added record-level flags for a series of potential quality issues. These data are provided in two formats, "cleaned" and "flagged-but-uncleaned". The BeeBDC package with online documentation provides end users the ability to modify filtering parameters to address their research questions. By publishing reproducible R workflows and globally cleaned datasets, we can increase the accessibility and reliability of downstream analyses. This workflow can be implemented for other taxa to support research and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Dorey
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, 5042, SA, Australia.
| | - Erica E Fischer
- Centre for the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, Department of History, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paige R Chesshire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, S Beaver St, Flagstaff, 86011, AZ, USA
| | - Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla, Jurica La Mesa, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Robert L O'Reilly
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, 5042, SA, Australia
| | - Silas Bossert
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Dairy Rd, Pullman, 99164-6382, WA, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue, Washington, 20560, DC, USA
| | - Shannon M Collins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, W Mulberry St, Denton, 76201, TX, USA
| | - Elinor M Lichtenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, W Mulberry St, Denton, 76201, TX, USA
| | - Erika M Tucker
- Biodiversity Outreach Network, W Silver Spruce Ave, Flagstaff, 86001, AZ, USA
| | - Allan Smith-Pardo
- Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS); Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ); Science and Technology (S&T); Pest Identification Technology laboratory (PITL) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), St. Suite, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Armando Falcon-Brindis
- Department of Entomology, Research and Education Center, University of Kentucky, University Dr, Lexington, KY, 42445, USA
| | - Diego A Guevara
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacionalde Colombia, Bogotá, Cra 45 #268-5, D.C., Colombia
| | - Bruno Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Av, Esperança, 74690-900, GO, Brazil
| | - Diego de Pedro
- Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Keng-Lou James Hung
- Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Chesapeake St, Norman, 73019, OK, USA
| | - Katherine A Parys
- USDA ARS Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystems Research Unit, Experiment Station Rd, Stoneville, 38776, MS, USA
| | - Lindsie M McCabe
- USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects-Research Unit, Old Main Hill, Logan, 84322, UT, USA
| | - Matthew S Rogan
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, Prospect St, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Prospect St, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Robert L Minckley
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14620, NY, USA
| | - Santiago J E Velazco
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Terry Griswold
- USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects-Research Unit, Old Main Hill, Logan, 84322, UT, USA
| | - Tracy A Zarrillo
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Huntington St, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, Prospect St, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Prospect St, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Yanina V Sica
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, Prospect St, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, Prospect St, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Michael C Orr
- Entomologie, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein, Stuttgart, 70191, Baden, Württemberg, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Laura Melissa Guzman
- Marine and Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, 90089-0371, CA, USA
| | - John S Ascher
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Dr, 117558, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Lung Fu Shan, Hong Kong
| | - Neil S Cobb
- Biodiversity Outreach Network, W Silver Spruce Ave, Flagstaff, 86001, AZ, USA
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Chowdhury S, Jennions MD, Zalucki MP, Maron M, Watson JEM, Fuller RA. Protected areas and the future of insect conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:85-95. [PMID: 36208964 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures are driving insect declines across the world. Although protected areas (PAs) play a prominent role in safeguarding many vertebrate species from human-induced threats, insects are not widely considered when designing PA systems or building strategies for PA management. We review the effectiveness of PAs for insect conservation and find substantial taxonomic and geographic gaps in knowledge. Most research focuses on the representation of species, and few studies assess threats to insects or the role that effective PA management can play in insect conservation. We propose a four-step research agenda to help ensure that insects are central in efforts to expand the global PA network under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawan Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Ecosystem Services, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Myron P Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martine Maron
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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