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Blonder BW, Brodrick PG, Chadwick KD, Carroll E, Cruz-de Hoyos RM, Expósito-Alonso M, Hateley S, Moon M, Ray CA, Tran H, Walton JA. Climate lags and genetics determine phenology in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2313-2328. [PMID: 36856334 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal patterns of phenology may be affected by mosaics of environmental and genetic variation. Environmental drivers may have temporally lagged impacts, but patterns and mechanisms remain poorly known. We combine multiple genomic, remotely sensed, and physically modeled datasets to determine the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of canopy phenology in quaking aspen, a widespread clonal dioecious tree species with diploid and triploid cytotypes. We show that over 391 km2 of southwestern Colorado: greenup date, greendown date, and growing season length vary by weeks and differ across sexes, cytotypes, and genotypes; phenology has high phenotypic plasticity and heritabilities of 31-61% (interquartile range); and snowmelt date, soil moisture, and air temperature predict phenology, at temporal lags of up to 3 yr. Our study shows that lagged environmental effects are needed to explain phenological variation and that the effect of cytotype on phenology is obscured by its correlation with topography. Phenological patterns are consistent with responses to multiyear accumulation of carbon deficit or hydraulic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Blonder
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
| | - Philip G Brodrick
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - K Dana Chadwick
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Erin Carroll
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
| | - Roxanne M Cruz-de Hoyos
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
| | | | - Shannon Hateley
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Minkyu Moon
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Courtenay A Ray
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
| | - Hoang Tran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - James A Walton
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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Kerr KL, Fickle JC, Anderegg WRL. Decoupling of functional traits from intraspecific patterns of growth and drought stress resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37129078 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in functional traits may mediate tree species' drought resistance, yet whether trait variation is due to genotype (G), environment (E), or G×E interactions remains unknown. Understanding the drivers of intraspecific trait variation and whether variation mediates drought response can improve predictions of species' response to future drought. Using populations of quaking aspen spanning a climate gradient, we investigated intraspecific variation in functional traits in the field as well as the influence of G and E among propagules in a common garden. We also tested for trait-mediated trade-offs in growth and drought stress tolerance. We observed intraspecific trait variation among the populations, yet this variation did not necessarily translate to higher drought stress tolerance in hotter/drier populations. Additionally, plasticity in the common garden was low, especially in propagules derived from the hottest/driest population. We found no growth-drought stress tolerance trade-offs and few traits exhibited significant relationships with mortality in the natural populations, suggesting that intraspecific trait variation among the traits measured did not strongly mediate responses to drought stress. Our results highlight the limits of trait-mediated responses to drought stress and the complex G×E interactions that may underlie drought stress tolerance variation in forests in dry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jaycie C Fickle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Buono D, Albach DC. Infrared spectroscopy for ploidy estimation: An example in two species of Veronica using fresh and herbarium specimens. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2023; 11:e11516. [PMID: 37051581 PMCID: PMC10083463 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Polyploidy has become a central factor in plant evolutionary biological research in recent decades. Methods such as flow cytometry have revealed the widespread occurrence of polyploidy; however, its inference relies on expensive lab equipment and is largely restricted to fresh or recently dried material. METHODS Here, we assess the applicability of infrared spectroscopy to infer ploidy in two related species of Veronica (Plantaginaceae). Infrared spectroscopy relies on differences in the absorbance of tissues, which could be affected by primary and secondary metabolites related to polyploidy. We sampled 33 living plants from the greenhouse and 74 herbarium specimens with ploidy known through flow cytometrical measurements and analyzed the resulting spectra using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and neural network (NNET) classifiers. RESULTS Living material of both species combined was classified with 70% (DAPC) to 75% (NNET) accuracy, whereas herbarium material was classified with 84% (DAPC) to 85% (NNET) accuracy. Analyzing both species separately resulted in less clear results. DISCUSSION Infrared spectroscopy is quite reliable but is not a certain method for assessing intraspecific ploidy level differences in two species of Veronica. More accurate inferences rely on large training data sets and herbarium material. This study demonstrates an important way to expand the field of polyploid research to herbaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Buono
- AG Plant Biodiversity and EvolutionCarl von Ossietzky UniversityAmmerlaender Heerstrasse 114‐11826129OldenburgGermany
- Institute of BotanyTechnical University of DresdenObergraben 601097DresdenGermany
- Present address:
Systematik, Biodiversität und Evolution der PflanzenLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMenzinger Str. 6780638MunichGermany
| | - Dirk C. Albach
- AG Plant Biodiversity and EvolutionCarl von Ossietzky UniversityAmmerlaender Heerstrasse 114‐11826129OldenburgGermany
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Eisenring M, Lindroth RL, Flansburg A, Giezendanner N, Mock KE, Kruger EL. Genotypic variation rather than ploidy level determines functional trait expression in a foundation tree species in the presence and absence of environmental stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:229-242. [PMID: 35641114 PMCID: PMC9904343 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS At the population level, genetic diversity is a key determinant of a tree species' capacity to cope with stress. However, little is known about the relative importance of the different components of genetic diversity for tree stress responses. We compared how two sources of genetic diversity, genotype and cytotype (i.e. differences in ploidy levels), influence growth, phytochemical and physiological traits of Populus tremuloides in the presence and absence of environmental stress. METHODS In a series of field studies, we first assessed variation in traits across diploid and triploid aspen genotypes from Utah and Wisconsin under non-stressed conditions. In two follow-up experiments, we exposed diploid and triploid aspen genotypes from Wisconsin to individual and interactive drought stress and defoliation treatments and quantified trait variations under stress. KEY RESULTS We found that (1) tree growth and associated traits did not differ significantly between ploidy levels under non-stressed conditions. Instead, variation in tree growth and most other traits was driven by genotypic and population differences. (2) Genotypic differences were critical for explaining variation of most functional traits and their responses to stress. (3) Ploidy level played a subtle role in shaping traits and trait stress responses, as its influence was typically obscured by genotypic differences. (4) As an exception to the third conclusion, we showed that triploid trees expressed 17 % higher foliar defence (tremulacin) levels, 11 % higher photosynthesis levels and 23 % higher rubisco activity under well-watered conditions. Moreover, triploid trees displayed greater drought resilience than diploids as they produced 35 % more new tissue than diploids when recovering from drought stress. CONCLUSION Although ploidy level can strongly influence the ecology of tree species, those effects may be relatively small in contrast to the effects of genotypic variation in highly diverse species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy Flansburg
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WIUSA
| | - Noreen Giezendanner
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karen E Mock
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, 5230 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Eric L Kruger
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, WIUSA
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