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Liu J, Dai L, Chen Q, Guo X. Nitrogen addition favors terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174826. [PMID: 39025151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Long-term atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been known to enhance plant productivity by increasing available N in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the response of carbon process to N deposition in terrestrial ecosystems remains unclear, particularly about different climate regions and biomes. In this study, we synthesized 1281 pairwise observations from 218 published articles on experimental N addition globally, aiming to quantify the responses of the carbon process and its mechanisms to N addition. Our results revealed a significant overall increase in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) by 31.42 % following N addition treatment, owing to increased aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP, 16.46 %), belowground net primary productivity (BNPP, 27.74 %), and reduced soil respiration (Rs, -2.56 %), soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh, -6.24 %). Furthermore, the effects of N addition on NEP varied with biomes and climate regions. The positive effect of N addition on NEP was more pronounced in arid regions (28.67 %) compared to humid regions (21.92 %), primarily driven by a higher increase in vegetation productivity. Additionally, N addition exhibited a higher increase in NEP (33.95 %) in forest compared to grassland (31.80 %), resulting from a more reduction in respiratory processes. However, the positive effects of N addition on NEP diminished with increasing experimental duration. Furthermore, ANPP and BNPP displayed a convex relationship with N addition rates, with the optimum BNPP addition rate exceeding that of ANPP. In contrast, Rs exhibited a concave response to addition rates. These findings suggest that carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems could be enhanced under future atmospheric N deposition, especially in arid regions and forest ecosystems. Our study provided insight for predicting how N deposition influences terrestrial ecosystem carbon process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Licong Dai
- Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Qiaoyan Chen
- Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China.
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Denney DA, Patel P, Anderson JT. Elevated [CO 2] and temperature augment gas exchange and shift the fitness landscape in a montane forb. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:58-71. [PMID: 38655662 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is simultaneously increasing carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and temperature. These factors could interact to influence plant physiology and performance. Alternatively, increased [CO2] may offset costs associated with elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the interaction between elevated temperature and [CO2] may differentially affect populations from along an elevational gradient and disrupt local adaptation. We conducted a multifactorial growth chamber experiment to examine the interactive effects of temperature and [CO2] on fitness and ecophysiology of diverse accessions of Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae) sourced from a broad elevational gradient in Colorado. We tested whether increased [CO2] would enhance photosynthesis across accessions, and whether warmer conditions would depress the fitness of high-elevation accessions owing to steep reductions in temperature with increasing elevation in this system. Elevational clines in [CO2] are not as evident, making it challenging to predict how locally adapted ecotypes will respond to elevated [CO2]. This experiment revealed that elevated [CO2] increased photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency across all accessions. However, these instantaneous responses to treatments did not translate to changes in fitness. Instead, increased temperatures reduced the probability of reproduction for all accessions. Elevated [CO2] and increased temperatures interacted to shift the adaptive landscape, favoring lower elevation accessions for the probability of survival and fecundity. Our results suggest that elevated temperatures and [CO2] associated with climate change could have severe negative consequences, especially for high-elevation populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Denney
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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3
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Sui L, Zhu H, Wang D, Zhang Z, Bidochka MJ, Barelli L, Lu Y, Li Q. Tripartite interactions of an endophytic entomopathogenic fungus, Asian corn borer, and host maize under elevated carbon dioxide. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38738508 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological control of insect pests is encountering an unprecedented challenge in agricultural systems due to the ongoing rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) level. The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) in these systems is gaining increased attention, and EPF as crop endophytes hold the potential for combining insect pest control and yield enhancement of crops, but the effects of increased CO2 concentration on this interaction are poorly understood. Here, the introduction of endophytic EPF was explored as an alternative sustainable management strategy benefiting crops under elevated CO2, using maize (Zea mays), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), and EPF (Beauveria bassiana) to test changes in damage to maize plants from O. furnacalis, and the nutritional status (content of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), biomass, and yield of maize. RESULTS The results showed that endophytic B. bassiana could alleviate the damage caused by O. furnacalis larvae for maize plants under ambient CO2 concentration, and this effect was enhanced under higher CO2 concentration. Inoculation with B. bassiana effectively counteracted the adverse impact of elevated CO2 on maize plants by preserving the nitrogen content at its baseline level (comparable with ambient CO2 conditions without B. bassiana). Both simultaneous effects could explain the improvement of biomass and yield of maize under B. bassiana inoculation and elevated CO2. CONCLUSION This finding provides key information about the multifaceted benefits of B. bassiana as a maize endophyte. Our results highlight the promising potential of incorporating EPF as endophytes into integrated pest management strategies, particularly under elevated CO2 concentrations. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Deli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin, China
| | - Michael J Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa Barelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin, China
| | - Qiyun Li
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
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Zhang Z, Luo X, Friess DA, Wang S, Li Y, Li Y. Stronger increases but greater variability in global mangrove productivity compared to that of adjacent terrestrial forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:239-250. [PMID: 38172286 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove forests are a highly productive ecosystem with important potential to offset anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Mangroves are expected to respond differently to climate change compared to terrestrial forests owing to their location in the tidal environment and unique ecophysiological characteristics, but the magnitude of difference remains uncertain at the global scale. Here we use satellite observations to examine mean trends and interannual variability in the productivity of global mangrove forests and nearby terrestrial evergreen broadleaf forests from 2001 to 2020. Although both types of ecosystem experienced significant recent increases in productivity, mangroves exhibited a stronger increasing trend and greater interannual variability in productivity than evergreen broadleaf forests on three-quarters of their co-occurring coasts. The difference in productivity trends is attributed to the stronger CO2 fertilization effect on mangrove photosynthesis, while the discrepancy in interannual variability is attributed to the higher sensitivities to variations in precipitation and sea level. Our results indicate that mangroves will have a faster increase in productivity than terrestrial forests in a CO2-rich future but may suffer more from deficits in water availability, highlighting a key difference between terrestrial and tidal ecosystems in their responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Songhan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Muñoz E, Chanca I, Sierra CA. Increased atmospheric CO 2 and the transit time of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6441-6452. [PMID: 37795922 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The response of terrestrial ecosystems to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations is controversial and not yet fully understood, with previous large-scale forest manipulation experiments exhibiting contrasting responses. Although there is consensus that increased CO2 has a relevant effect on instantaneous processes such as photosynthesis and transpiration, there are large uncertainties regarding the fate of extra assimilated carbon in ecosystems. Filling this research gap is challenging because tracing the movement of new carbon across ecosystem compartments involves the study of multiple processes occurring over a wide range of timescales, from hours to millennia. We posit that a comprehensive quantification of the effect of increased CO2 must answer two interconnected questions: How much and for how long is newly assimilated carbon stored in ecosystems? Therefore, we propose that the transit time distribution of carbon is the key concept needed to effectively address these questions. Here, we show how the transit time distribution of carbon can be used to assess the fate of newly assimilated carbon and the timescales at which it is cycled in ecosystems. We use as an example a transit time distribution obtained from a tropical forest and show that most of the 60% of fixed carbon is respired in less than 1 year; therefore, we infer that under increased CO2 , most of the new carbon would follow a similar fate unless increased CO2 would cause changes in the rates at which carbon is cycled and transferred among ecosystem compartments. We call for a more frequent adoption of the transit time concept in studies seeking to quantify the ecosystem response to increased CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Muñoz
- Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Chanca
- Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Laboratório de Radiocarbono, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sierra
- Theoretical Ecosystem Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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Férriz M, Martin-Benito D, Fernández-de-Simón MB, Conde M, García-Cervigón AI, Aranda I, Gea-Izquierdo G. Functional phenotypic plasticity mediated by water stress and [CO2] explains differences in drought tolerance of two phylogenetically close conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:909-924. [PMID: 36809504 PMCID: PMC10255776 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forests are threatened globally by increased recurrence and intensity of hot droughts. Functionally close coexisting species may exhibit differences in drought vulnerability large enough to cause niche differentiation and affect forest dynamics. The effect of rising atmospheric [CO2], which could partly alleviate the negative effects of drought, may also differ between species. We analysed functional plasticity in seedlings of two taxonomically close pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus pinea L.) under different [CO2] and water stress levels. The multidimensional functional trait variability was more influenced by water stress (preferentially xylem traits) and [CO2] (mostly leaf traits) than by differences between species. However, we observed differences between species in the strategies followed to coordinate their hydraulic and structural traits under stress. Leaf 13C discrimination decreased with water stress and increased under elevated [CO2]. Under water stress both species increased their sapwood area to leaf area ratios, tracheid density and xylem cavitation, whereas they reduced tracheid lumen area and xylem conductivity. Pinus pinea was more anisohydric than P. pinaster. Pinus pinaster produced larger conduits under well-watered conditions than P. pinea. Pinus pinea was more tolerant to water stress and more resistant to xylem cavitation under low water potentials. The higher xylem plasticity in P. pinea, particularly in tracheid lumen area, expressed a higher capacity of acclimation to water stress than P. pinaster. In contrast, P. pinaster coped with water stress comparatively more by increasing plasticity of leaf hydraulic traits. Despite the small differences observed in the functional response to water stress and drought tolerance between species, these interspecific differences agreed with ongoing substitution of P. pinaster by P. pinea in forests where both species co-occur. Increased [CO2] had little effect on the species-specific relative performance. Thus, a competitive advantage under moderate water stress of P. pinea compared with P. pinaster is expected to continue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Férriz
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martin-Benito
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Conde
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A I García-Cervigón
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - I Aranda
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Gea-Izquierdo
- ICIFOR-INIA, CSIC. Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hong S, Ding J, Kan F, Xu H, Chen S, Yao Y, Piao S. Asymmetry of carbon sequestrations by plant and soil after forestation regulated by soil nitrogen. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3196. [PMID: 37268621 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Forestation is regarded as an effective strategy for increasing terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, its carbon sink potential remains uncertain due to the scarcity of large-scale sampling data and limited knowledge of the linkage between plant and soil C dynamics. Here, we conduct a large-scale survey of 163 control plots and 614 forested plots involving 25304 trees and 11700 soil samples in northern China to fill this knowledge gap. We find that forestation in northern China contributes a significant carbon sink (913.19 ± 47.58 Tg C), 74% of which is stored in biomass and 26% in soil organic carbon. Further analysis reveals that the biomass carbon sink increases initially but then decreases as soil nitrogen increases, while soil organic carbon significantly decreases in nitrogen-rich soils. These results highlight the importance of incorporating plant and soil interactions, modulated by nitrogen supply in the calculation and modelling of current and future carbon sink potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Hong
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Kan
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyuan Chen
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Yao
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
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Wang J, Li Y, Gao J. Time Effects of Global Change on Forest Productivity in China from 2001 to 2017. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1404. [PMID: 36987091 PMCID: PMC10051691 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With global warming, the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and greenhouse gases, such as CO2, are increasing. However, it is still unknown whether these increases will affect vegetation productivity. Exploring the impacts of global warming on net primary productivity (NPP) will help us understand how ecosystem function responds to climate change in China. Using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) ecosystem model based on remote sensing, we investigated the spatiotemporal changes in NPP across 1137 sites in China from 2001 to 2017. Our results revealed that: (1) Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) and Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) were significantly positively correlated with NPP (p < 0.01), while PM2.5 concentration and CO2 emissions were significantly negatively correlated with NPP (p < 0.01). (2) The positive correlation between temperature, rainfall and NPP gradually weakened over time, while the negative correlation between PM2.5 concentration, CO2 emissions and NPP gradually strengthened over time. (3) High levels of PM2.5 concentration and CO2 emissions had negative effects on NPP, while high levels of MAT and MAP had positive effects on NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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