1
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Fan LH, Qi ST, Wang ZB, Ouyang YC, Lei WL, Wang Y, Li A, Wang F, Li J, Li L, Li YY, Hou Y, Schatten H, Wang WH, Sun QY, Ou XH. MEIKIN expression and its C-terminal phosphorylation by PLK1 is closely related the metaphase-anaphase transition by affecting cyclin B1 and Securin stabilization in meiotic oocyte. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02316-7. [PMID: 39093409 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic maturation failure and chromosome abnormality is one of the main causes of infertility, abortion, and diseases. The mono-orientation of sister chromatids during the first meiosis is important for ensuring accurate chromosome segregation in oocytes. MEIKIN is a germ cell-specific protein that can regulate the mono-orientation of sister chromatids and the protection of the centromeric cohesin complex during meiosis I. Here we found that MEIKIN is a maternal protein that was highly expressed in mouse oocytes before the metaphase I (MI) stage, but became degraded by the MII stage and dramatically reduced after fertilization. Strikingly, MEIKIN underwent phosphorylation modification after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), indicating its possible function in subsequent cellular event regulation. We further showed that MEIKIN phosphorylation was mediated by PLK1 at its carboxyl terminal region and its C-terminus was its key functional domain. To clarify the biological significance of meikin degradation during later stages of oocyte maturation, exogenous expression of MEIKIN was employed, which showed that suppression of MEIKIN degradation resulted in chromosome misalignment, cyclin B1 and Securin degradation failure, and MI arrest through a spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)-independent mechanism. Exogenous expression of MEIKIN also inhibited metaphase II (MII) exit and early embryo development. These results indicate that proper MEIKIN expression level and its C-terminal phosphorylation by PLK1 are critical for regulating the metaphase-anaphase transition in meiotic oocyte. The findings of this study are important for understanding the regulation of chromosome segregation and the prevention meiotic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Fan
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shu-Tao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Obstetrics Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wen-Long Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ang Li
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Obstetrics Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China.
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2
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Joshi JN, Changela N, Mahal L, Jang J, Defosse T, Wang LI, Das A, Shapiro JG, McKim K. Meiosis-specific functions of kinetochore protein SPC105R required for chromosome segregation in Drosophila oocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar105. [PMID: 38865189 PMCID: PMC11321039 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The reductional division of meiosis I requires the separation of chromosome pairs towards opposite poles. We have previously implicated the outer kinetochore protein SPC105R/KNL1 in driving meiosis I chromosome segregation through lateral attachments to microtubules and coorientation of sister centromeres. To identify the domains of SPC105R that are critical for meiotic chromosome segregation, an RNAi-resistant gene expression system was developed. We found that the SPC105R C-terminal domain (aa 1284-1960) is necessary and sufficient for recruiting NDC80 to the kinetochore and building the outer kinetochore. Furthermore, the C-terminal domain recruits BUBR1, which in turn recruits the cohesion protection proteins MEI-S332 and PP2A. Of the remaining 1283 amino acids, we found the first 473 are most important for meiosis. The first 123 amino acids of the N-terminal half of SPC105R contain the conserved SLRK and RISF motifs that are targets of PP1 and Aurora B kinase and are most important for regulating the stability of microtubule attachments and maintaining metaphase I arrest. The region between amino acids 124 and 473 are required for lateral microtubule attachments and biorientation of homologues, which are critical for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay N. Joshi
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Neha Changela
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Lia Mahal
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Janet Jang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Tyler Defosse
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Lin-Ing Wang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Arunika Das
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Joanatta G. Shapiro
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Kim McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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3
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Li Z, Liu Y, Jones AW, Watanabe Y. Acetylation of Rec8 cohesin complexes regulates reductional chromosome segregation in meiosis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402606. [PMID: 38575358 PMCID: PMC10994779 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
For establishing sister chromatid cohesion and proper chromosome segregation in mitosis in fission yeast, the acetyltransferase Eso1 plays a key role. Eso1 acetylates cohesin complexes, at two conserved lysine residues K105 and K106 of the cohesin subunit Psm3. Although Eso1 also contributes to reductional chromosome segregation in meiosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we purified meiosis-specific Rec8 cohesin complexes localized at centromeres and identified a new acetylation at Psm3-K1013, which largely depends on the meiotic kinetochore factor meikin (Moa1). Our molecular genetic analyses indicate that Psm3-K1013 acetylation cooperates with canonical acetylation at Psm3-K105 and K106, and plays a crucial role in establishing reductional chromosome segregation in meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Li
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Liu
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Andrew W Jones
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Liu Y, Min Y, Liu Y, Watanabe Y. Phosphorylation of Rec8 cohesin complexes regulates mono-orientation of kinetochores in meiosis I. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302556. [PMID: 38448160 PMCID: PMC10917647 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In meiosis I, unlike in mitosis, sister kinetochores are captured by microtubules emanating from the same spindle pole (mono-orientation) and centromeric cohesion mediated by cohesin is protected in the following anaphase I. The conserved meiosis-specific kinetochore protein meikin (Moa1 in fission yeast) associates with polo-like kinase: Plo1 and regulates both mono-orientation and cohesion protection. Although the phosphorylation of Rec8-S450 by Plo1 associated with Moa1 plays a key role in cohesion protection, how Moa1-Plo1 regulates mono-orientation remains elusive. Here, we identify Plo1 phosphorylation sites in the cohesin subunits, Rec8 and Psm3. The non-phosphorylatable mutations at these sites showed specific defects in mono-orientation. These results enabled the genetic dissection of meikin functions at the centromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Min
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- https://ror.org/04mkzax54 Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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5
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Joshi JN, Changela N, Mahal L, Defosse T, Jang J, Wang LI, Das A, Shapiro JG, McKim K. Meiosis-specific functions of kinetochore protein SPC105R required for chromosome segregation in Drosophila oocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585003. [PMID: 38559067 PMCID: PMC10980020 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The reductional division of meiosis I requires the separation of chromosome pairs towards opposite poles. We have previously implicated the outer kinetochore protein SPC105R/KNL1 in driving meiosis I chromosome segregation through lateral attachments to microtubules and co-orientation of sister centromeres. To identify the domains of SPC105R that are critical for meiotic chromosome segregation, an RNAi-resistant gene expression system was developed. We found that SPC105R's C-terminal domain (aa 1284-1960) is necessary and sufficient for recruiting NDC80 to the kinetochore and building the outer kinetochore. Furthermore, the C-terminal domain recruits BUBR1, which in turn recruits the cohesion protection proteins MEI-S332 and PP2A. Of the remaining 1283 amino acids, we found the first 473 are most important for meiosis. The first 123 amino acids of the N-terminal half of SPC105R contain the conserved SLRK and RISF motifs that are targets of PP1 and Aurora B kinase and are most important for regulating the stability of microtubule attachments and maintaining metaphase I arrest. The region between amino acids 124 and 473 are required for two activities that are critical for accurate chromosome segregation in meiosis I, lateral microtubule attachments and bi-orientation of homologs.
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6
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Zhou KD, Zhang CX, Niu FR, Bai HC, Wu DD, Deng JC, Qian HY, Jiang YL, Ma W. Exploring Plant Meiosis: Insights from the Kinetochore Perspective. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7974-7995. [PMID: 37886947 PMCID: PMC10605258 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The central player for chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis is the macromolecular kinetochore structure, which is assembled by >100 structural and regulatory proteins on centromere DNA. Kinetochores play a crucial role in cell division by connecting chromosomal DNA and microtubule polymers. This connection helps in the proper segregation and alignment of chromosomes. Additionally, kinetochores can act as a signaling hub, regulating the start of anaphase through the spindle assembly checkpoint, and controlling the movement of chromosomes during anaphase. However, the role of various kinetochore proteins in plant meiosis has only been recently elucidated, and these proteins differ in their functionality from those found in animals. In this review, our current knowledge of the functioning of plant kinetochore proteins in meiosis will be summarized. In addition, the functional similarities and differences of core kinetochore proteins in meiosis between plants and other species are discussed, and the potential applications of manipulating certain kinetochore genes in meiosis for breeding purposes are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Di Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (K.-D.Z.); (C.-X.Z.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.-C.B.); (J.-C.D.); (H.-Y.Q.); (Y.-L.J.)
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (K.-D.Z.); (C.-X.Z.)
| | - Fu-Rong Niu
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Hao-Chen Bai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.-C.B.); (J.-C.D.); (H.-Y.Q.); (Y.-L.J.)
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Jia-Cheng Deng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.-C.B.); (J.-C.D.); (H.-Y.Q.); (Y.-L.J.)
| | - Hong-Yuan Qian
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.-C.B.); (J.-C.D.); (H.-Y.Q.); (Y.-L.J.)
| | - Yun-Lei Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.-C.B.); (J.-C.D.); (H.-Y.Q.); (Y.-L.J.)
| | - Wei Ma
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (K.-D.Z.); (C.-X.Z.)
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7
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Zhang Y, Song C, Wang L, Jiang H, Zhai Y, Wang Y, Fang J, Zhang G. Zombies Never Die: The Double Life Bub1 Lives in Mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:870745. [PMID: 35646932 PMCID: PMC9136299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.870745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When eukaryotic cells enter mitosis, dispersed chromosomes move to the cell center along microtubules to form a metaphase plate which facilitates the accurate chromosome segregation. Meanwhile, kinetochores not stably attached by microtubules activate the spindle assembly checkpoint and generate a wait signal to delay the initiation of anaphase. These events are highly coordinated. Disruption of the coordination will cause severe problems like chromosome gain or loss. Bub1, a conserved serine/threonine kinase, plays important roles in mitosis. After extensive studies in the last three decades, the role of Bub1 on checkpoint has achieved a comprehensive understanding; its role on chromosome alignment also starts to emerge. In this review, we summarize the latest development of Bub1 on supporting the two mitotic events. The essentiality of Bub1 in higher eukaryotic cells is also discussed. At the end, some undissolved questions are raised for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunlin Song
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujing Zhai
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang, ; Gang Zhang,
| | - Gang Zhang
- The Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang, ; Gang Zhang,
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8
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Sakuno T, Hiraoka Y. Rec8 Cohesin: A Structural Platform for Shaping the Meiotic Chromosomes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:200. [PMID: 35205245 PMCID: PMC8871791 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is critically different from mitosis in that during meiosis, pairing and segregation of homologous chromosomes occur. During meiosis, the morphology of sister chromatids changes drastically, forming a prominent axial structure in the synaptonemal complex. The meiosis-specific cohesin complex plays a central role in the regulation of the processes required for recombination. In particular, the Rec8 subunit of the meiotic cohesin complex, which is conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, has been analyzed for its function in modulating chromosomal architecture during the pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes in meiosis. Here, we review the current understanding of Rec8 cohesin as a structural platform for meiotic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
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9
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Maier NK, Ma J, Lampson MA, Cheeseman IM. Separase cleaves the kinetochore protein Meikin at the meiosis I/II transition. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2192-2206.e8. [PMID: 34331869 PMCID: PMC8355204 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To generate haploid gametes, germ cells undergo two consecutive meiotic divisions requiring key changes to the cell division machinery. Here, we demonstrate that the protease separase rewires key cell division processes at the meiosis I/II transition by cleaving the meiosis-specific protein Meikin. Separase proteolysis does not inactivate Meikin but instead alters its function to create a distinct activity state. Full-length Meikin and the C-terminal Meikin separase cleavage product both localize to kinetochores, bind to Plk1 kinase, and promote Rec8 cleavage, but our results reveal distinct roles for these proteins in controlling meiosis. Mutations that prevent Meikin cleavage or that conditionally inactivate Meikin at anaphase I result in defective meiosis II chromosome alignment in mouse oocytes. Finally, as oocytes exit meiosis, C-Meikin is eliminated by APC/C-mediated degradation prior to the first mitotic division. Thus, multiple regulatory events irreversibly modulate Meikin activity during successive meiotic divisions to rewire the cell division machinery at two distinct transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan K Maier
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A Lampson
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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10
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Abstract
A central player in meiotic chromosome dynamics is the conserved Polo-like kinase (PLK) family. PLKs are dynamically localized to distinct structures during meiotic prophase and phosphorylate a diverse group of substrates to control homolog pairing, synapsis, and meiotic recombination. In a recent study, we uncovered the mechanisms that control the targeting of a meiosis-specific PLK-2 in C. elegans. In early meiotic prophase, PLK-2 localizes to special chromosome regions known as pairing centers and drives homolog pairing and synapsis. PLK-2 then relocates to the synaptonemal complex (SC) after crossover designation and mediates chromosome remodeling required for homolog separation. What controls this intricate targeting of PLK-2 in space and time? We discuss recent findings and remaining questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yumi Kim
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Ma W, Zhou J, Chen J, Carr AM, Watanabe Y. Meikin synergizes with shugoshin to protect cohesin Rec8 during meiosis I. Genes Dev 2021; 35:692-697. [PMID: 33888556 PMCID: PMC8091969 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348052.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The conserved meiosis-specific kinetochore regulator, meikin (Moa1 in fission yeast) plays a central role in establishing meiosis-specific kinetochore function. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show how Moa1 regulates centromeric cohesion protection, a function that has been previously attributed to shugoshin (Sgo1). Moa1 is known to associate with Plo1 kinase. We explore Plo1-dependent Rec8 phosphorylation and identify a key phosphorylation site required for cohesion protection. The phosphorylation of Rec8 by Moa1-Plo1 potentiates the activity of PP2A associated with Sgo1. This leads to dephosphorylation of Rec8 at another site, which thereby prevents cleavage of Rec8 by separase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Antony M Carr
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
- Cell Cycle Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
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12
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Sato M, Kakui Y, Toya M. Tell the Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis: Interplay Between Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Cycle Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660322. [PMID: 33898463 PMCID: PMC8060462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized style of cell division conserved in eukaryotes, particularly designed for the production of gametes. A huge number of studies to date have demonstrated how chromosomes behave and how meiotic events are controlled. Yeast substantially contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in the past decades. Recently, evidence began to accumulate to draw a perspective landscape showing that chromosomes and microtubules are mutually influenced: microtubules regulate chromosomes, whereas chromosomes also regulate microtubule behaviors. Here we focus on lessons from recent advancement in genetical and cytological studies of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealing how chromosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle progression are organized and particularly how these are differentiated in mitosis and meiosis. These studies illuminate that meiosis is strategically designed to fulfill two missions: faithful segregation of genetic materials and production of genetic diversity in descendants through elaboration by meiosis-specific factors in collaboration with general factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sato
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Medical-Oriented Structural Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kakui
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Toya
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Major in Bioscience, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Escorcia W, Tripathi VP, Yuan JP, Forsburg SL. A visual atlas of meiotic protein dynamics in living fission yeast. Open Biol 2021; 11:200357. [PMID: 33622106 PMCID: PMC8061692 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a carefully choreographed dynamic process that re-purposes proteins from somatic/vegetative cell division, as well as meiosis-specific factors, to carry out the differentiation and recombination pathway common to sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Studies of individual proteins from a variety of different experimental protocols can make it difficult to compare details between them. Using a consistent protocol in otherwise wild-type fission yeast cells, this report provides an atlas of dynamic protein behaviour of representative proteins at different stages during normal zygotic meiosis in fission yeast. This establishes common landmarks to facilitate comparison of different proteins and shows that initiation of S phase likely occurs prior to nuclear fusion/karyogamy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilber Escorcia
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 45207, USA
| | - Vishnu P Tripathi
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ji-Ping Yuan
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Susan L Forsburg
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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14
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Pontremoli C, Forni D, Pozzoli U, Clerici M, Cagliani R, Sironi M. Kinetochore proteins and microtubule-destabilizing factors are fast evolving in eutherian mammals. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1505-1515. [PMID: 33476453 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centromeres have central functions in chromosome segregation, but centromeric DNA and centromere-binding proteins evolve rapidly in most eukaryotes. The selective pressure(s) underlying the fast evolution of centromere-binding proteins are presently unknown. An attractive possibility is that selfish centromeres promote their preferential inclusion in the oocyte and centromeric proteins evolve to suppress meiotic drive (centromere drive hypothesis). We analysed the selective patterns of mammalian genes that encode kinetochore proteins and microtubule (MT)-destabilizing factors. We show that several of these proteins evolve at the same rate or faster than proteins with a role in centromere specification. Elements of the kinetochore that bind MTs or that bridge the interaction between MTs and the centromere represented the major targets of positive selection. These data are in line with the possibility that the genetic conflict fuelled by meiotic drive extends beyond genes involved in centromere specification. However, we cannot exclude that different selective pressures underlie the rapid evolution of MT-destabilizing factors and kinetochore components. Whatever the nature of such pressures, they must have been constant during the evolution of eutherian mammals, as we found a surprisingly good correlation in dN/dS (ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions) across orders/clades. Finally, when phylogenetic relationships were accounted for, we found little evidence that the evolutionary rates of these genes change with testes size, a proxy for sperm competition. Our data indicate that, in analogy to centromeric proteins, kinetochore components are fast evolving in mammals. This observation may imply that centromere drive plays out at multiple levels or that these proteins adapt to lineage-specific centromeric features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Uberto Pozzoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
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15
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Fission Yeast Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Ensures Mitotic and Meiotic Chromosome Segregation Fidelity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020639. [PMID: 33440639 PMCID: PMC7827777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the folate metabolic pathway, and its loss of function through polymorphisms is often associated with human conditions, including cancer, congenital heart disease, and Down syndrome. MTHFR is also required in the maintenance of heterochromatin, a crucial determinant of genomic stability and precise chromosomal segregation. Here, we characterize the function of a fission yeast gene met11+, which encodes a protein that is highly homologous to the mammalian MTHFR. We show that, although met11+ is not essential for viability, its disruption increases chromosome missegregation and destabilizes constitutive heterochromatic regions at pericentromeric, sub-telomeric and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci. Transcriptional silencing at these sites were disrupted, which is accompanied by the reduction in enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) and binding of the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-like Swi6. The met11 null mutant also dominantly disrupts meiotic fidelity, as displayed by reduced sporulation efficiency and defects in proper partitioning of the genetic material during meiosis. Interestingly, the faithful execution of these meiotic processes is synergistically ensured by cooperation among Met11, Rec8, a meiosis-specific cohesin protein, and the shugoshin protein Sgo1, which protects Rec8 from untimely cleavage. Overall, our results suggest a key role for Met11 in maintaining pericentromeric heterochromatin for precise genetic inheritance during mitosis and meiosis.
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16
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Galander S, Marston AL. Meiosis I Kinase Regulators: Conserved Orchestrators of Reductional Chromosome Segregation. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000018. [PMID: 32761854 PMCID: PMC7116124 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research over the last two decades has identified a group of meiosis-specific proteins, consisting of budding yeast Spo13, fission yeast Moa1, mouse MEIKIN, and Drosophila Mtrm, with essential functions in meiotic chromosome segregation. These proteins, which we call meiosis I kinase regulators (MOKIRs), mediate two major adaptations to the meiotic cell cycle to allow the generation of haploid gametes from diploid mother cells. Firstly, they promote the segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I (reductional division) by ensuring that sister kinetochores face towards the same pole (mono-orientation). Secondly, they safeguard the timely separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II (equational division) by counteracting the premature removal of pericentromeric cohesin, and thus prevent the formation of aneuploid gametes. Although MOKIRs bear no obvious sequence similarity, they appear to play functionally conserved roles in regulating meiotic kinases. Here, the known functions of MOKIRs are reviewed and their possible mechanisms of action are discussed. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/tLE9KL89bwk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
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17
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Establishing correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis and meiosis. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:277-287. [PMID: 32406497 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis requires that chromosomes properly attach to spindle microtubules. Initial kinetochore-microtubule attachments are often incorrect and rely on error correction mechanisms to release improper attachments, allowing the formation of new attachments. Aurora B kinase and, in mammalian germ cells, Aurora C kinase function as the enzymatic component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), which localizes to the inner centromere/kinetochore and phosphorylates kinetochore proteins for microtubule release during error correction. In this review, we discuss recent findings of the molecular pathways that regulate the chromosomal localization of Aurora B and C kinases in human cell lines, mice, fission yeast, and budding yeast. We also discuss differences in the importance of localization pathways between mitosis and meiosis.
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18
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Bonner AM, Hughes SE, Hawley RS. Regulation of Polo Kinase by Matrimony Is Required for Cohesin Maintenance during Drosophila melanogaster Female Meiosis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:715-722.e3. [PMID: 32008903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have numerous roles in both mitosis and meiosis, including functions related to chromosome segregation, cohesin removal, and kinetochore orientation [1-7]. PLKs require specific regulation during meiosis to control those processes. Genetic studies demonstrate that the Drosophila PLK Polo kinase (Polo) is inhibited by the female meiosis-specific protein Matrimony (Mtrm) in a stoichiometric manner [8]. Drosophila Polo localizes strongly to kinetochores and to central spindle microtubules during prometaphase and metaphase I of female meiosis [9, 10]. Mtrm protein levels increase dramatically after nuclear envelope breakdown [11]. We show that Mtrm is enriched along the meiotic spindle and that loss of mtrm results in mislocalization of the catalytically active form of Polo. The mtrm gene is haploinsufficient, and heterozygosity for mtrm (mtrm/+) results in high levels of achiasmate chromosome missegregation [8, 12]. In mtrm/+ heterozygotes, there is a low level of sister centromere separation, as well as precocious loss of cohesion along the arms of achiasmate chromosomes. However, mtrm-null females are sterile [13], and sister chromatid cohesion is abolished on all chromosomes, leading to a failure to properly congress or orient chromosomes in metaphase I. These data demonstrate a requirement for the inhibition of Polo, perhaps by sequestering Polo to the microtubules during Drosophila melanogaster female meiosis and suggest that catalytically active Polo is a distinct subset of the total Polo population within the oocyte that requires its own regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Bonner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Stacie E Hughes
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - R Scott Hawley
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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19
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Galander S, Barton RE, Kelly DA, Marston AL. Spo13 prevents premature cohesin cleavage during meiosis. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:29. [PMID: 30906881 PMCID: PMC6426077 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15066.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Meiosis produces gametes through two successive nuclear divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In contrast to mitosis and meiosis II, where sister chromatids are segregated, during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are segregated. This requires the monopolar attachment of sister kinetochores and the loss of cohesion from chromosome arms, but not centromeres, during meiosis I. The establishment of both sister kinetochore mono-orientation and cohesion protection rely on the budding yeast meiosis I-specific Spo13 protein, the functional homolog of fission yeast Moa1 and mouse MEIKIN. Methods: Here we investigate the effects of loss of SPO13 on cohesion during meiosis I using a live-cell imaging approach. Results: Unlike wild type, cells lacking SPO13 fail to maintain the meiosis-specific cohesin subunit, Rec8, at centromeres and segregate sister chromatids to opposite poles during anaphase I. We show that the cohesin-destabilizing factor, Wpl1, is not primarily responsible for the loss of cohesion during meiosis I. Instead, premature loss of centromeric cohesin during anaphase I in spo13 Δ cells relies on separase-dependent cohesin cleavage. Further, cohesin loss in spo13 Δ anaphase I cells is blocked by forcibly tethering the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, Rts1, to Rec8. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that separase-dependent cleavage of phosphorylated Rec8 causes premature cohesin loss in spo13 Δ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rachael E. Barton
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David A. Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Adèle L. Marston
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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20
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Galander S, Barton RE, Kelly DA, Marston AL. Spo13 prevents premature cohesin cleavage during meiosis. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:29. [PMID: 30906881 PMCID: PMC6426077 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15066.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Meiosis produces gametes through two successive nuclear divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In contrast to mitosis and meiosis II, where sister chromatids are segregated, during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are segregated. This requires the monopolar attachment of sister kinetochores and the loss of cohesion from chromosome arms, but not centromeres, during meiosis I. The establishment of both sister kinetochore mono-orientation and cohesion protection rely on the budding yeast meiosis I-specific Spo13 protein, the functional homolog of fission yeast Moa1 and mouse MEIKIN. Methods: Here we investigate the effects of loss of
SPO13 on cohesion during meiosis I using a live-cell imaging approach. Results: Unlike wild type, cells lacking
SPO13 fail to maintain the meiosis-specific cohesin subunit, Rec8, at centromeres and segregate sister chromatids to opposite poles during anaphase I. We show that the cohesin-destabilizing factor, Wpl1, is not primarily responsible for the loss of cohesion during meiosis I. Instead, premature loss of centromeric cohesin during anaphase I in
spo13Δ cells relies on separase-dependent cohesin cleavage. Further, cohesin loss in
spo13Δ anaphase I cells is blocked by forcibly tethering the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, Rts1, to Rec8. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that separase-dependent cleavage of phosphorylated Rec8 causes premature cohesin loss in
spo13Δ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rachael E Barton
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Adèle L Marston
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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21
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Chik JK, Moiseeva V, Goel PK, Meinen BA, Koldewey P, An S, Mellone BG, Subramanian L, Cho US. Structures of CENP-C cupin domains at regional centromeres reveal unique patterns of dimerization and recruitment functions for the inner pocket. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14119-14134. [PMID: 31366733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful assembly and regulation of the kinetochore are critical for the equal and accurate segregation of genetic material during the cell cycle. CENP-C (centromere protein C), a conserved inner kinetochore component, has been broadly characterized as a scaffolding protein and is required for the recruitment of multiple kinetochore proteins to the centromere. At its C terminus, CENP-C harbors a conserved cupin domain that has an established role in protein dimerization. Although the crystal structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mif2CENP-C cupin domain has been determined, centromeric organization and kinetochore composition vary greatly between S. cerevisiae (point centromere) and other eukaryotes (regional centromere). Therefore, whether the structural and functional role of the cupin domain is conserved throughout evolution requires investigation. Here, we report the crystal structures of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Drosophila melanogaster CENP-C cupin domains at 2.52 and 1.81 Å resolutions, respectively. Although the central jelly roll architecture is conserved among the three determined CENP-C cupin domain structures, the cupin domains from organisms with regional centromeres contain additional structural features that aid in dimerization. Moreover, we found that the S. pombe Cnp3CENP-C jelly roll fold harbors an inner binding pocket that is used to recruit the meiosis-specific protein Moa1. In summary, our results unveil the evolutionarily conserved and unique features of the CENP-C cupin domain and uncover the mechanism by which it functions as a recruitment factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Chik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Vera Moiseeva
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Pavitra K Goel
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Ben A Meinen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Philipp Koldewey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sojin An
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Barbara G Mellone
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Lakxmi Subramanian
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Uhn-Soo Cho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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22
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Galander S, Barton RE, Borek WE, Spanos C, Kelly DA, Robertson D, Rappsilber J, Marston AL. Reductional Meiosis I Chromosome Segregation Is Established by Coordination of Key Meiotic Kinases. Dev Cell 2019; 49:526-541.e5. [PMID: 31031198 PMCID: PMC6547162 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis produces gametes through a specialized, two-step cell division, which is highly error prone in humans. Reductional meiosis I, where maternal and paternal chromosomes (homologs) segregate, is followed by equational meiosis II, where sister chromatids separate. Uniquely during meiosis I, sister kinetochores are monooriented and pericentromeric cohesin is protected. Here, we demonstrate that these key adaptations for reductional chromosome segregation are achieved through separable control of multiple kinases by the meiosis-I-specific budding yeast Spo13 protein. Recruitment of Polo kinase to kinetochores directs monoorientation, while independently, cohesin protection is achieved by containing the effects of cohesin kinases. Therefore, reductional chromosome segregation, the defining feature of meiosis, is established by multifaceted kinase control by a master regulator. The recent identification of Spo13 orthologs, fission yeast Moa1 and mouse MEIKIN, suggests that kinase coordination by a meiosis I regulator may be a general feature in the establishment of reductional chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rachael E Barton
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Weronika E Borek
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Daniel Robertson
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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23
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Wang LI, Das A, McKim KS. Sister centromere fusion during meiosis I depends on maintaining cohesins and destabilizing microtubule attachments. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008072. [PMID: 31150390 PMCID: PMC6581285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sister centromere fusion is a process unique to meiosis that promotes co-orientation of the sister kinetochores, ensuring they attach to microtubules from the same pole during metaphase I. We have found that the kinetochore protein SPC105R/KNL1 and Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1-87B) regulate sister centromere fusion in Drosophila oocytes. The analysis of these two proteins, however, has shown that two independent mechanisms maintain sister centromere fusion. Maintenance of sister centromere fusion by SPC105R depends on Separase, suggesting cohesin proteins must be maintained at the core centromeres. In contrast, maintenance of sister centromere fusion by PP1-87B does not depend on either Separase or WAPL. Instead, PP1-87B maintains sister centromeres fusion by regulating microtubule dynamics. We demonstrate that this regulation is through antagonizing Polo kinase and BubR1, two proteins known to promote stability of kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachments, suggesting that PP1-87B maintains sister centromere fusion by inhibiting stable KT-MT attachments. Surprisingly, C(3)G, the transverse element of the synaptonemal complex (SC), is also required for centromere separation in Pp1-87B RNAi oocytes. This is evidence for a functional role of centromeric SC in the meiotic divisions, that might involve regulating microtubule dynamics. Together, we propose two mechanisms maintain co-orientation in Drosophila oocytes: one involves SPC105R to protect cohesins at sister centromeres and another involves PP1-87B to regulate spindle forces at end-on attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ing Wang
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Arunika Das
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kim S. McKim
- Waksman Institute and Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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24
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Genes Important for Schizosaccharomyces pombe Meiosis Identified Through a Functional Genomics Screen. Genetics 2017; 208:589-603. [PMID: 29259000 PMCID: PMC5788524 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates gametes, such as eggs and sperm. Errors in meiosis result in miscarriages and are the leading cause of birth defects; however, the molecular origins of these defects remain unknown. Studies in model organisms are beginning to identify the genes and pathways important for meiosis, but the parts list is still poorly defined. Here we present a comprehensive catalog of genes important for meiosis in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our genome-wide functional screen surveyed all nonessential genes for roles in chromosome segregation and spore formation. Novel genes important at distinct stages of the meiotic chromosome segregation and differentiation program were identified. Preliminary characterization implicated three of these genes in centrosome/spindle pole body, centromere, and cohesion function. Our findings represent a near-complete parts list of genes important for meiosis in fission yeast, providing a valuable resource to advance our molecular understanding of meiosis.
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25
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Greaney J, Wei Z, Homer H. Regulation of chromosome segregation in oocytes and the cellular basis for female meiotic errors. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 24:135-161. [PMID: 29244163 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meiotic chromosome segregation in human oocytes is notoriously error-prone, especially with ageing. Such errors markedly reduce the reproductive chances of increasing numbers of women embarking on pregnancy later in life. However, understanding the basis for these errors is hampered by limited access to human oocytes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Important new discoveries have arisen from molecular analyses of human female recombination and aneuploidy along with high-resolution analyses of human oocyte maturation and mouse models. Here, we review these findings to provide a contemporary picture of the key players choreographing chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes and the cellular basis for errors. SEARCH METHODS A search of PubMed was conducted using keywords including meiosis, oocytes, recombination, cohesion, cohesin complex, chromosome segregation, kinetochores, spindle, aneuploidy, meiotic cell cycle, spindle assembly checkpoint, anaphase-promoting complex, DNA damage, telomeres, mitochondria, female ageing and female fertility. We extracted papers focusing on mouse and human oocytes that best aligned with the themes of this review and that reported transformative and novel discoveries. OUTCOMES Meiosis incorporates two sequential rounds of chromosome segregation executed by a spindle whose component microtubules bind chromosomes via kinetochores. Cohesion mediated by the cohesin complex holds chromosomes together and should be resolved at the appropriate time, in a specific step-wise manner and in conjunction with meiotically programmed kinetochore behaviour. In women, the stage is set for meiotic error even before birth when female-specific crossover maturation inefficiency leads to the formation of at-risk recombination patterns. In adult life, multiple co-conspiring factors interact with at-risk crossovers to increase the likelihood of mis-segregation. Available evidence support that these factors include, but are not limited to, cohesion deterioration, uncoordinated sister kinetochore behaviour, erroneous microtubule attachments, spindle instability and structural chromosomal defects that impact centromeres and telomeres. Data from mice indicate that cohesin and centromere-specific histones are long-lived proteins in oocytes. Since these proteins are pivotal for chromosome segregation, but lack any obvious renewal pathway, their deterioration with age provides an appealing explanation for at least some of the problems in older oocytes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Research in the mouse model has identified a number of candidate genes and pathways that are important for chromosome segregation in this species. However, many of these have not yet been investigated in human oocytes so it is uncertain at this stage to what extent they apply to women. The challenge for the future involves applying emerging knowledge of female meiotic molecular regulation towards improving clinical fertility management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Greaney
- Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Zhe Wei
- Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Hayden Homer
- Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
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Miyazaki S, Kim J, Sakuno T, Watanabe Y. Hierarchical Regulation of Centromeric Cohesion Protection by Meikin and Shugoshin during Meiosis I. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 82:259-266. [PMID: 29196561 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.033811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The kinetochore is the key apparatus regulating chromosome segregation. Particularly in meiosis, unlike in mitosis, sister kinetochores are captured by microtubules emanating from the same spindle pole (mono-orientation), and sister chromatid cohesion mediated by cohesin is protected at centromeres in the following anaphase. Shugoshin, which localizes to centromeres depending on the phosphorylation of histone H2A by Bub1 kinase, plays a central role in protecting meiotic cohesin Rec8 from separase cleavage. Another key meiotic kinetochore factor, Moa1 (meikin), which was initially characterized as a mono-orientation factor in fission yeast, also regulates cohesion protection. Moa1, which associates stably with CENP-C during meiosis I, recruits Plo1 (polo-like kinase) to the kinetochores and phosphorylates Spc7 (KNL1), inducing the persistent accumulation of Bub1 at kinetochores. The meiotic Bub1 pool ensures robust Sgo1 (shugoshin) localization and cohesion protection at centromeres by cooperating with heterochromatin protein Swi6, which binds and stabilizes Sgo1. Further, molecular genetic analyses reveal a hierarchical regulation of centromeric cohesion protection by meikin and shugoshin during meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seira Miyazaki
- Graduate Program in Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jihye Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Takeshi Sakuno
- Graduate Program in Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Graduate Program in Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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