1
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Barton RE, Massari LF, Robertson D, Marston AL. Eco1-dependent cohesin acetylation anchors chromatin loops and cohesion to define functional meiotic chromosome domains. eLife 2022; 11:e74447. [PMID: 35103590 PMCID: PMC8856730 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin organizes the genome by forming intra-chromosomal loops and inter-sister chromatid linkages. During gamete formation by meiosis, chromosomes are reshaped to support crossover recombination and two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation. Here we show that meiotic chromosomes are organised into functional domains by Eco1 acetyltransferase-dependent positioning of both chromatin loops and sister chromatid cohesion in budding yeast. Eco1 acetylates the Smc3 cohesin subunit in meiotic S phase to establish chromatin boundaries, independently of DNA replication. Boundary formation by Eco1 is critical for prophase exit and for the maintenance of cohesion until meiosis II, but is independent of the ability of Eco1 to antagonize the cohesin-release factor, Wpl1. Conversely, prevention of cohesin release by Wpl1 is essential for centromeric cohesion, kinetochore monoorientation and co-segregation of sister chromatids in meiosis I. Our findings establish Eco1 as a key determinant of chromatin boundaries and cohesion positioning, revealing how local chromosome structuring directs genome transmission into gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Barton
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born CrescentEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucia F Massari
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born CrescentEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel Robertson
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born CrescentEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born CrescentEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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2
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Su XB, Wang M, Schaffner C, Nerusheva OO, Clift D, Spanos C, Kelly DA, Tatham M, Wallek A, Wu Y, Rappsilber J, Jeyaprakash AA, Storchova Z, Hay RT, Marston AL. SUMOylation stabilizes sister kinetochore biorientation to allow timely anaphase. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202005130. [PMID: 33929514 PMCID: PMC8094117 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, sister chromatids attach to microtubules from opposite poles, called biorientation. Sister chromatid cohesion resists microtubule forces, generating tension, which provides the signal that biorientation has occurred. How tension silences the surveillance pathways that prevent cell cycle progression and correct erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments remains unclear. Here we show that SUMOylation dampens error correction to allow stable sister kinetochore biorientation and timely anaphase onset. The Siz1/Siz2 SUMO ligases modify the pericentromere-localized shugoshin (Sgo1) protein before its tension-dependent release from chromatin. Sgo1 SUMOylation reduces its binding to protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and weakening of this interaction is important for stable biorientation. Unstable biorientation in SUMO-deficient cells is associated with persistence of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) at centromeres, and SUMOylation of CPC subunit Bir1 also contributes to timely anaphase onset. We propose that SUMOylation acts in a combinatorial manner to facilitate dismantling of the error correction machinery within pericentromeres and thereby sharpen the metaphase-anaphase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bessie Su
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Menglu Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claudia Schaffner
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olga O. Nerusheva
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dean Clift
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A. Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Tatham
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andreas Wallek
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yehui Wu
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ronald T. Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Adèle L. Marston
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Galander S, Marston AL. Meiosis I Kinase Regulators: Conserved Orchestrators of Reductional Chromosome Segregation. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000018. [PMID: 32761854 PMCID: PMC7116124 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research over the last two decades has identified a group of meiosis-specific proteins, consisting of budding yeast Spo13, fission yeast Moa1, mouse MEIKIN, and Drosophila Mtrm, with essential functions in meiotic chromosome segregation. These proteins, which we call meiosis I kinase regulators (MOKIRs), mediate two major adaptations to the meiotic cell cycle to allow the generation of haploid gametes from diploid mother cells. Firstly, they promote the segregation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I (reductional division) by ensuring that sister kinetochores face towards the same pole (mono-orientation). Secondly, they safeguard the timely separation of sister chromatids in meiosis II (equational division) by counteracting the premature removal of pericentromeric cohesin, and thus prevent the formation of aneuploid gametes. Although MOKIRs bear no obvious sequence similarity, they appear to play functionally conserved roles in regulating meiotic kinases. Here, the known functions of MOKIRs are reviewed and their possible mechanisms of action are discussed. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/tLE9KL89bwk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF UK
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4
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Hsieh YYP, Makrantoni V, Robertson D, Marston AL, Murray AW. Evolutionary repair: Changes in multiple functional modules allow meiotic cohesin to support mitosis. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000635. [PMID: 32155147 PMCID: PMC7138332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of proteins often changes during evolution, but we do not know how cells adapt when a protein is asked to participate in a different biological function. We forced the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to use the meiosis-specific kleisin, recombination 8 (Rec8), during the mitotic cell cycle, instead of its paralog, Scc1. This perturbation impairs sister chromosome linkage, advances the timing of genome replication, and reduces reproductive fitness by 45%. We evolved 15 parallel populations for 1,750 generations, substantially increasing their fitness, and analyzed the genotypes and phenotypes of the evolved cells. Only one population contained a mutation in Rec8, but many populations had mutations in the transcriptional mediator complex, cohesin-related genes, and cell cycle regulators that induce S phase. These mutations improve sister chromosome cohesion and delay genome replication in Rec8-expressing cells. We conclude that changes in known and novel partners allow cells to use an existing protein to participate in new biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Phoebe Hsieh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vasso Makrantoni
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Robertson
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adèle L. Marston
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Murray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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5
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Abstract
Background: Meiosis produces gametes through two successive nuclear divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In contrast to mitosis and meiosis II, where sister chromatids are segregated, during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are segregated. This requires the monopolar attachment of sister kinetochores and the loss of cohesion from chromosome arms, but not centromeres, during meiosis I. The establishment of both sister kinetochore mono-orientation and cohesion protection rely on the budding yeast meiosis I-specific Spo13 protein, the functional homolog of fission yeast Moa1 and mouse MEIKIN. Methods: Here we investigate the effects of loss of SPO13 on cohesion during meiosis I using a live-cell imaging approach. Results: Unlike wild type, cells lacking SPO13 fail to maintain the meiosis-specific cohesin subunit, Rec8, at centromeres and segregate sister chromatids to opposite poles during anaphase I. We show that the cohesin-destabilizing factor, Wpl1, is not primarily responsible for the loss of cohesion during meiosis I. Instead, premature loss of centromeric cohesin during anaphase I in spo13 Δ cells relies on separase-dependent cohesin cleavage. Further, cohesin loss in spo13 Δ anaphase I cells is blocked by forcibly tethering the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, Rts1, to Rec8. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that separase-dependent cleavage of phosphorylated Rec8 causes premature cohesin loss in spo13 Δ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rachael E. Barton
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David A. Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Adèle L. Marston
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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6
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Abstract
Background: Meiosis produces gametes through two successive nuclear divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In contrast to mitosis and meiosis II, where sister chromatids are segregated, during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are segregated. This requires the monopolar attachment of sister kinetochores and the loss of cohesion from chromosome arms, but not centromeres, during meiosis I. The establishment of both sister kinetochore mono-orientation and cohesion protection rely on the budding yeast meiosis I-specific Spo13 protein, the functional homolog of fission yeast Moa1 and mouse MEIKIN. Methods: Here we investigate the effects of loss of
SPO13 on cohesion during meiosis I using a live-cell imaging approach. Results: Unlike wild type, cells lacking
SPO13 fail to maintain the meiosis-specific cohesin subunit, Rec8, at centromeres and segregate sister chromatids to opposite poles during anaphase I. We show that the cohesin-destabilizing factor, Wpl1, is not primarily responsible for the loss of cohesion during meiosis I. Instead, premature loss of centromeric cohesin during anaphase I in
spo13Δ cells relies on separase-dependent cohesin cleavage. Further, cohesin loss in
spo13Δ anaphase I cells is blocked by forcibly tethering the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, Rts1, to Rec8. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that separase-dependent cleavage of phosphorylated Rec8 causes premature cohesin loss in
spo13Δ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rachael E Barton
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Adèle L Marston
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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7
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Galander S, Barton RE, Borek WE, Spanos C, Kelly DA, Robertson D, Rappsilber J, Marston AL. Reductional Meiosis I Chromosome Segregation Is Established by Coordination of Key Meiotic Kinases. Dev Cell 2019; 49:526-541.e5. [PMID: 31031198 PMCID: PMC6547162 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis produces gametes through a specialized, two-step cell division, which is highly error prone in humans. Reductional meiosis I, where maternal and paternal chromosomes (homologs) segregate, is followed by equational meiosis II, where sister chromatids separate. Uniquely during meiosis I, sister kinetochores are monooriented and pericentromeric cohesin is protected. Here, we demonstrate that these key adaptations for reductional chromosome segregation are achieved through separable control of multiple kinases by the meiosis-I-specific budding yeast Spo13 protein. Recruitment of Polo kinase to kinetochores directs monoorientation, while independently, cohesin protection is achieved by containing the effects of cohesin kinases. Therefore, reductional chromosome segregation, the defining feature of meiosis, is established by multifaceted kinase control by a master regulator. The recent identification of Spo13 orthologs, fission yeast Moa1 and mouse MEIKIN, suggests that kinase coordination by a meiosis I regulator may be a general feature in the establishment of reductional chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Galander
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Rachael E Barton
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Weronika E Borek
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - David A Kelly
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Daniel Robertson
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Michael Swann Building, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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8
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Abstract
The ring-shaped cohesin complex brings together distant DNA domains to maintain, express, and segregate the genome. Establishing specific chromosomal linkages depends on cohesin recruitment to defined loci. One such locus is the budding yeast centromere, which is a paradigm for targeted cohesin loading. The kinetochore, a multiprotein complex that connects centromeres to microtubules, drives the recruitment of high levels of cohesin to link sister chromatids together. We have exploited this system to determine the mechanism of specific cohesin recruitment. We show that phosphorylation of the Ctf19 kinetochore protein by a conserved kinase, DDK, provides a binding site for the Scc2/4 cohesin loading complex, thereby directing cohesin loading to centromeres. A similar mechanism targets cohesin to chromosomes in vertebrates. These findings represent a complete molecular description of targeted cohesin loading, a phenomenon with wide-ranging importance in chromosome segregation and, in multicellular organisms, transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Hinshaw
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vasso Makrantoni
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Stephen C Harrison
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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9
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Vincenten N, Kuhl LM, Lam I, Oke A, Kerr AR, Hochwagen A, Fung J, Keeney S, Vader G, Marston AL. The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis. eLife 2015. [PMID: 26653857 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10850.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover recombination is non-random across the genome, and centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify the conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub-complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious centromere-proximal crossovers in budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression of pericentromeric recombination by the Ctf19 complex, operating across distinct chromosomal distances. The Ctf19 complex prevents meiotic DNA break formation, the initiating event of recombination, proximal to the centromere. The Ctf19 complex independently drives the enrichment of cohesin throughout the broader pericentromere to suppress crossovers, but not DNA breaks. This non-canonical role of the kinetochore in defining a chromosome domain that is refractory to crossovers adds a new layer of functionality by which the kinetochore prevents the incidence of chromosome segregation errors that generate aneuploid gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Vincenten
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa-Marie Kuhl
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabel Lam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Ashwini Oke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center of Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alastair Rw Kerr
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer Fung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center of Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Scott Keeney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Gerben Vader
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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10
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Vincenten N, Kuhl LM, Lam I, Oke A, Kerr AR, Hochwagen A, Fung J, Keeney S, Vader G, Marston AL. The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26653857 PMCID: PMC4749563 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover recombination is non-random across the genome, and centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify the conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub-complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious centromere-proximal crossovers in budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression of pericentromeric recombination by the Ctf19 complex, operating across distinct chromosomal distances. The Ctf19 complex prevents meiotic DNA break formation, the initiating event of recombination, proximal to the centromere. The Ctf19 complex independently drives the enrichment of cohesin throughout the broader pericentromere to suppress crossovers, but not DNA breaks. This non-canonical role of the kinetochore in defining a chromosome domain that is refractory to crossovers adds a new layer of functionality by which the kinetochore prevents the incidence of chromosome segregation errors that generate aneuploid gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Vincenten
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa-Marie Kuhl
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Isabel Lam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Ashwini Oke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center of Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alastair Rw Kerr
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer Fung
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center of Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Scott Keeney
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Gerben Vader
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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11
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Hinshaw SM, Makrantoni V, Kerr A, Marston AL, Harrison SC. Structural evidence for Scc4-dependent localization of cohesin loading. eLife 2015; 4:e06057. [PMID: 26038942 PMCID: PMC4471937 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The cohesin ring holds newly replicated sister chromatids together until their separation at anaphase. Initiation of sister chromatid cohesion depends on a separate complex, Scc2(NIPBL)/Scc4(Mau2) (Scc2/4), which loads cohesin onto DNA and determines its localization across the genome. Proper cohesin loading is essential for cell division, and partial defects cause chromosome missegregation and aberrant transcriptional regulation, leading to severe developmental defects in multicellular organisms. We present here a crystal structure showing the interaction between Scc2 and Scc4. Scc4 is a TPR array that envelops an extended Scc2 peptide. Using budding yeast, we demonstrate that a conserved patch on the surface of Scc4 is required to recruit Scc2/4 to centromeres and to build pericentromeric cohesion. These findings reveal the role of Scc4 in determining the localization of cohesin loading and establish a molecular basis for Scc2/4 recruitment to centromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Hinshaw
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Vasso Makrantoni
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adèle L Marston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C Harrison
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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12
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Abstract
During eukaryotic cell division, chromosomes must be precisely partitioned to daughter cells. This relies on a mechanism to move chromosomes in defined directions within the parental cell. While sister chromatids are segregated from one another in mitosis and meiosis II, specific adaptations enable the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I to reduce ploidy for gamete production. Many of the factors that drive these directed chromosome movements are known, and their molecular mechanism has started to be uncovered. Here we review the mechanisms of eukaryotic chromosome segregation, with a particular emphasis on the modifications that ensure the segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eris Duro
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Adèle L Marston
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
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13
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Sarangapani KK, Duro E, Deng Y, Alves FDL, Ye Q, Opoku KN, Ceto S, Rappsilber J, Corbett KD, Biggins S, Marston AL, Asbury CL. Sister kinetochores are mechanically fused during meiosis I in yeast. Science 2014; 346:248-51. [PMID: 25213378 DOI: 10.1126/science.1256729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Production of healthy gametes requires a reductional meiosis I division in which replicated sister chromatids comigrate, rather than separate as in mitosis or meiosis II. Fusion of sister kinetochores during meiosis I may underlie sister chromatid comigration in diverse organisms, but direct evidence for such fusion has been lacking. We used laser trapping and quantitative fluorescence microscopy to study native kinetochore particles isolated from yeast. Meiosis I kinetochores formed stronger attachments and carried more microtubule-binding elements than kinetochores isolated from cells in mitosis or meiosis II. The meiosis I-specific monopolin complex was both necessary and sufficient to drive these modifications. Thus, kinetochore fusion directs sister chromatid comigration, a conserved feature of meiosis that is fundamental to Mendelian inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Sarangapani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eris Duro
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Qiaozhen Ye
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kwaku N Opoku
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven Ceto
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Institute of Bioanalytics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sue Biggins
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adèle L Marston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Charles L Asbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Meiosis is the type of cell division that gives rise to eggs and sperm. Errors in the execution of this process can result in the generation of aneuploid gametes, which are associated with birth defects and infertility in humans. Here, we review recent findings on how cell-cycle controls ensure the coordination of meiotic events, with a particular focus on the segregation of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle L Marston
- Center for Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E17-233, 40 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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15
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Abstract
GTPases are widespread in directing cytoskeletal rearrangements and affecting cellular organization. How they do so is not well understood. Yeast cells divide by budding, which occurs in two spatially programmed patterns, axial or bipolar [1-3]. Cytoskeletal polarization to form a bud is governed by the Ras-like GTPase, Bud1/Rsr1, in response to cortical landmarks. Bud1 is uniformly distributed on the plasma membrane, so presumably its regulators, Bud5 GTPase exchange factor and Bud2 GTPase activating protein, impart spatial specificity to Bud1 action [4]. We examined the localizations of Bud5 and Bud2. Both Bud1 regulators associate with cortical landmarks designating former division sites. In haploids, Bud5 forms double rings that encircle the mother-bud neck and split upon cytokinesis so that each progeny cell inherits Bud5 at the axial division remnant. Recruitment of Bud5 into these structures depends on known axial landmark components. In cells undergoing bipolar budding, Bud5 associates with multiple sites, in response to the bipolar landmarks. Like Bud5, Bud2 associates with the axial division remnant, but rather than being inherited, Bud2 transiently associates with the remnant in late G1, before condensing into a patch at the incipient bud site. The relative timing of Bud5 and Bud2 localizations suggests that both regulators contribute to the spatially specific control of Bud1 GTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Marston
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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16
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Abstract
The Spo0J and Soj proteins of B. subtilis belong to a widespread family of bacterial proteins required for accurate segregation of plasmids and chromosomes. Spo0J binds to several sites around the oriC region of the chromosome, which are organized into compact foci that may play a centromere-like role in active chromosome segregation. We now show that Soj has a role in organization or compaction of Spo0J-oriC complexes and possibly other regions of the nucleoid. This activity is accompanied by a dynamic localization pattern in which Soj protein undergoes assembly and disassembly into large nucleoid-associated patches on a timescale of minutes. The dynamic behavior of Soj, like its previously described transcriptional repression activity, is controlled by Spo0J. These interactions may constitute a checkpoint coupling developmental transcription to cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Marston
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Abstract
Bacterial cell division commences with the assembly of the tubulin-like protein, FtsZ, at midcell to form a ring. Division site selection in rod-shaped bacteria is mediated by MinC and MinD, which form a division inhibitor. Bacillus subtilis DivIVA protein ensures that MinCD specifically inhibits division close to the cell poles, while allowing division at midcell. We have examined the localization of MinC protein and show that it is targeted to midcell and retained at the mature cell poles. This localization is reminiscent of the pattern previously described for MinD. Localization of MinC requires both early (FtsZ) and late (PbpB) division proteins, and it is completely dependent on MinD. The effects of a divIVA mutation on localization of MinC now suggest that the main role of DivIVA is to retain MinCD at the cell poles after division, rather than recruitment to nascent division sites. By overexpressing minC or minD, we show that both proteins are required to block division, but that only MinD needs to be in excess of wild-type levels. The results suggest a mechanism whereby MinD is required both to pilot MinC to the cell poles and to constitute a functional division inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Marston
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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18
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Abstract
We report the development of a series of plasmid vectors for the construction of fusions to mutants of the intrinsically fluorescent green fluorescent protein, GFPmut1 (Cormack et al., 1996. Gene 173, 33-38) and GFPuv (Crameri et al., 1996. Nature Biotechnology 14, 315-319). Both N- and C-terminal fusions can be produced, and their expression can be finely controlled from the inducible Pxyl promoter following double crossover integration into the amyE locus of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Other vectors designed for single crossover insertion into the chromosome allow downstream genes to be placed under inducible control. We also show that fusions to GFPmut1 and GFPuv can be co-localized within the cell by virtue of their different excitation spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Lewis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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19
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Marston AL, Thomaides HB, Edwards DH, Sharpe ME, Errington J. Polar localization of the MinD protein of Bacillus subtilis and its role in selection of the mid-cell division site. Genes Dev 1998; 12:3419-30. [PMID: 9808628 PMCID: PMC317235 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.21.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell division in rod-shaped bacteria is initiated by formation of a ring of the tubulin-like protein FtsZ at mid-cell. Division site selection is controlled by a conserved division inhibitor MinCD, which prevents aberrant division at the cell poles. The Bacillus subtilis DivIVA protein controls the topological specificity of MinCD action. Here we show that DivIVA is targeted to division sites late in their assembly, after some MinCD-sensitive step requiring FtsZ and other division proteins has been passed. DivIVA then recruits MinD to the division sites preventing another division from taking place near the newly formed cell poles. Sequestration of MinD to the poles also releases the next mid-cell sites for division. Remarkably, this mechanism of DivIVA action is completely different from that of the equivalent protein MinE of Escherichia coli, even though both systems operate via the same division inhibitor MinCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Marston
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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