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Zhang Y, Gao W, Li X. Vitamin E‑coated dialyzer alleviates erythrocyte deformability dysfunction in patients with end‑stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:480. [PMID: 35761813 PMCID: PMC9214592 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are characterized by augmented oxidative stress (OS) due to the imbalance between the generation of increased concentrations of oxidative molecules and decreased antioxidant capacity. Vitamin E-coated dialyzer membranes (VEMs) have previously been reported to alleviate the imbalance of redox metabolism in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (HD); however, their effect on the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) remains unknown. In the present study, 48 patients with ESRD undergoing HD were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups: HD with VEMs (VEM group; n=24) and HD with polysulfone dialyzer membranes (PM group; n=24), and another 24 healthy volunteers served as the control group. The present study investigated the morphological changes and deformability of RBCs in patients with ESRD and healthy volunteers. The concentration of serum vitamin E, the parameters of antioxidant stress and OS, and the degree of oxidative phosphorylation and clustering of anion exchanger 1 (Band 3) in RBCs were measured. The results obtained suggested that VEM treatment markedly ameliorated the abnormalities of RBC morphology and deformability in patients with ESRD undergoing HD. Mechanistic studies showed that VEM treatment led to a marked improvement in the concentration of serum vitamin E, which was positively associated with the restored antioxidant capacity, and decreased oxidative phosphorylation and clustering of Band 3 in RBCs of patients with ESRD undergoing HD. Taken together, the results of the present study have demonstrated that VEM treatment effectively restored the imbalance of redox metabolism, and improved the oxidative phosphorylation and clustering of Band 3 in RBCs of patients with ESRD undergoing HD via delivering vitamin E, which may alleviate the abnormal morphological and mechanical properties of RBCs. These findings are anticipated to be useful with respect to improving the nursing care and cure rate of patients with ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Blood Dialysis Room, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Blood Dialysis Room, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Blood Dialysis Room, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
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2
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Faria B, Gaya da Costa M, Poppelaars F, Franssen CFM, Pestana M, Berger SP, Daha MR, Gaillard CAJM, Seelen MA. Administration of Intravenous Iron Formulations Induces Complement Activation in-vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1885. [PMID: 31497011 PMCID: PMC6712170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intravenous (IV) iron is widely used to treat anemia in chronic kidney disease patients. Previously, iron formulations were shown to induce immune activation in-vitro. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of IV iron on complement activation in-vivo, and whether this subsequently induces inflammation and/or oxidative stress. Methods: Two distinct patient groups were included: 51 non-dialysis and 32 dialysis patients. The non-dialysis group received iron sucrose or ferric carboxymaltose, based on physicians' choice. Plasma samples were collected prior to and 1 h after completion of IV iron infusion. The dialysis group received iron sucrose exclusively. Plasma samples were collected at the start and end of two consecutive hemodialysis sessions, one with and one without IV iron. Finally, plasma levels of MBL, C1q, properdin, factor D, sC5b-9, MPO, PTX3 were assessed by ELISA. Results: In the non-dialysis group, sC5b-9 levels significantly increased after IV iron by 32%, while levels of factor D and MBL significantly dropped. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that iron sucrose induced complement activation whereas ferric carboxymaltose did not. In the dialysis group, levels of sC5b-9 significantly increased by 46% during the dialysis session with IV iron, while factor D levels significantly fell. Furthermore, the relative decrease in factor D by IV iron correlated significantly with the relative increase in sC5b-9 by IV iron. MPO levels rose significantly during the dialysis session with IV iron, but not in the session without iron. Moreover, the relative increase in MPO and sC5b-9 by IV iron correlated significantly. PTX3 levels were not affected by IV iron. Conclusions: Iron sucrose but not ferric carboxymaltose, results in complement activation possibly via the lectin and alternative pathway partially mediating oxidative stress but not inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Faria
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
- Nephrology and Infectious Disease R&D Group, INEB, I3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gaya da Costa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Felix Poppelaars
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manuel Pestana
- Nephrology and Infectious Disease R&D Group, INEB, I3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan P. Berger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mohamed R. Daha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carlo A. J. M. Gaillard
- Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A. Seelen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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4
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Duni A, Liakopoulos V, Rapsomanikis KP, Dounousi E. Chronic Kidney Disease and Disproportionally Increased Cardiovascular Damage: Does Oxidative Stress Explain the Burden? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9036450. [PMID: 29333213 PMCID: PMC5733207 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9036450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are among the groups at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease and significantly shortened remaining lifespan. CKD enhances oxidative stress in the organism with ensuing cardiovascular damage. Oxidative stress in uremia is the consequence of higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas attenuated clearance of pro-oxidant substances and impaired antioxidant defenses play a complementary role. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the increased ROS production in CKD is at least partly mediated by upregulation of the intrarenal angiotensin system. Enhanced oxidative stress in the setting of the uremic milieu promotes enzymatic modification of circulating lipids and lipoproteins, protein carbamylation, endothelial dysfunction via disruption of nitric oxide (NO) pathways, and activation of inflammation, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure are hallmarks of CKD. NADPH oxidase activation, xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and NO-ROS are the main oxidative pathways leading to LVH and the cardiorenal syndrome. Finally, a subset of antioxidant enzymes, the paraoxonases (PON), deserves special attention due to abundant clinical evidence accumulated regarding reduced serum PON1 activity in CKD as a contributor to the increased burden of cardiovascular disease. Future, meticulously designed studies are needed to assess the effects of antioxidant therapy on patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Duni
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School of the University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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5
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Florens N, Calzada C, Lyasko E, Juillard L, Soulage CO. Modified Lipids and Lipoproteins in Chronic Kidney Disease: A New Class of Uremic Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E376. [PMID: 27999257 PMCID: PMC5198570 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8120376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an enhanced oxidative stress and deep modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. First, many oxidized lipids accumulate in CKD and were shown to exert toxic effects on cells and tissues. These lipids are known to interfere with many cell functions and to be pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory, especially in the cardiovascular system. Some, like F2-isoprostanes, are directly correlated with CKD progression. Their accumulation, added to their noxious effects, rendered their nomination as uremic toxins credible. Similarly, lipoproteins are deeply altered by CKD modifications, either in their metabolism or composition. These impairments lead to impaired effects of HDL on their normal effectors and may strongly participate in accelerated atherosclerosis and failure of statins in end-stage renal disease patients. This review describes the impact of oxidized lipids and other modifications in the natural history of CKD and its complications. Moreover, this review focuses on the modifications of lipoproteins and their impact on the emergence of cardiovascular diseases in CKD as well as the appropriateness of considering them as actual mediators of uremic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nans Florens
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Catherine Calzada
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Egor Lyasko
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Juillard
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France.
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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6
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Bochkov V, Schoenenberger AW, Oskolkova O, Toth U, Stöckl J, Majdic O, Daci A, Resink TJ, Erne P, Philippova M. Novel immune assay for quantification of plasma protective capacity against oxidized phospholipids. Biomark Med 2016; 10:797-810. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) are the major pathogenic component of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL). Endogenous anti-OxPL activity, defined as the ability to neutralize adverse effects of oxidized lipids, may have biomarker potential. Methods & results: Using two anti-OxPL monoclonal antibodies (commercial mAB-E06 and custom mAB-509) we developed a novel ELISA that measures the global capacity of plasma to inactivate OxPL. Preincubation of OxLDL with plasma inhibits its binding of anti-OxPL mABs. This phenomenon (‘masking’) reflects anti-OxPL plasma activity. A pilot clinical application of the assay revealed reduced anti-OxPL activity in hypertension, coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome and diabetes. Conclusion: Inadequate anti-OxPL protection may contribute to cardiovascular disease and have biomarker potential in conditions associated with abnormal lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas W Schoenenberger
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital & University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Oskolkova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Toth
- Department of Vascular Biology & Thombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Vascular Biology & Thombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Thérèse J Resink
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Erne
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Philippova
- Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Correia-Costa L, Sousa T, Morato M, Cosme D, Afonso J, Moura C, Mota C, Areias JC, Guerra A, Schaefer F, Caldas Afonso A, Barros H, Albino-Teixeira A, Azevedo A. Association of myeloperoxidase levels with cardiometabolic factors and renal function in prepubertal children. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:50-9. [PMID: 26541603 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme linking obesity and cardiovascular (CV) risk in adults, has rarely been studied in young children and no studies assessed its association with renal function. We sought to explore a possible association between serum MPO levels, obesity, CV risk factors and renal function in prepubertal children. MATERIALS/METHODS Cross-sectional evaluation of 309 children aged 8-9 years (161 normal weight, 148 overweight/obese), members of the birth cohort Generation I (Portugal). Anthropometrics (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and % body fat mass (%BFM) by bioelectrical impedance analysis), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured. Insulin resistance was estimated by the HOMA index (considering serum fasting glucose and insulin determinations). Serum MPO levels were assessed by immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS MPO levels were positively associated with obesity indices (BMI z-score, WHtR and %BFM). Higher MPO levels were associated with higher 24-h and night-time mean arterial pressure, with nondipping and with higher values of insulin resistance. In normal weight children, the endothelial function, as evaluated indirectly by PWV, was an independent predictor of MPO levels. In overweight/obese children, estimated glomerular filtration rate increased significantly across tertiles of MPO (Ptrend = 0·031) and this association held after adjustment for age, sex, neutrophil and monocyte counts and CV risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results reinforce the role of MPO as a risk marker in obesity and related CV morbidities in young children. MPO levels associate with the dipping pattern and PWV and, among overweight/obese children, an association exists between MPO and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Correia-Costa
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of Porto, REQUIMTE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Cosme
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Moura
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Mota
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Areias
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Guerra
- Division of Pediatric Nutrition, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP - Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Dejanov P, Dejanova B. Appropriate Biomarkers For Oxidative Stress In Patients With End Stage Renal Disease. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2015-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe appropriate biomarkers for oxidative stress (OS) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are important in renal pathology. Patients (56) with ESRD were investigated (35 men and 21 women). Patients, with mean age of 45±17 years, defined education, specific HD duration and calculated body mass index (BMI), were exposed to a polysulphone type HD membrane for approximately 4 hours per HD session, 3 times per week. The control group was composed of 31 healthy volunteers. The total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and the antioxidative (AO) enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were assessed. Analyses included Randox Crumlin GB; lipid peroxidation (LP) using its end product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) (fluorimetric); and a LDL-ox immunoassay (Biomedica gruppe, Vienna, Austria). The TAS was higher in ESRD patients before HD (1.63±0.1 mmol/L) compared to the control group (1.23±0.03 mmol/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Dejanov
- 1Medical Faculty in Skopje, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Beti Dejanova
- 1Medical Faculty in Skopje, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
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9
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Assis RP, Castro JFA, Gutierres VO, Arcaro CA, Brotto RS, Oliveira OMMF, Baviera AM, Brunetti IL. Effects of uremic solutes on reactive oxygen species in vitro model systems as a possibility of support the renal function management. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:50. [PMID: 25886160 PMCID: PMC4399422 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the prevalence of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the loss of low-molecular-weight biomolecules by hemodialysis and the antioxidant potential of some uremic solutes that accumulate in CKD, we used in vitro model systems to test the antioxidant potential of the following uremic solutes: uric acid, hippuric acid, p-cresol, phenol, methylguanidine, L-arginine, L-tyrosine, creatinine and urea. METHODS The in vitro antioxidant efficiencies of the uremic solutes, isolated or in mixtures, were tested with the following assays: i) ABTS radical cation decolorization assay; ii) hypochlorous acid (HOCl/OCl(-)) scavenging activity; iii) superoxide anion radical (O2(•-)) scavenging activity; iv) crocin bleaching assay (capture of peroxyl radical, ROO(•)); v) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity. RESULTS Four of the tested uremic solutes (p-cresol, phenol, L-tyrosine, uric acid) were effective antioxidants and their IC50 were found in three model systems: ABTS(•+), HOCl/OCl(-) and crocin bleaching assay. In the 4-solutes mixtures, each one of the solute captured 12.5% for the IC50 of the mixture to ABTS(•+) or HOCl/OCl(-), exhibiting a virtually exact additive effect. In the 2-solutes mixtures, for ROO(•) capture, it was observed the need of more mass of uremic solutes to reach an IC50 value that was higher than the projected IC50, obtained from the IC50 of single solutes (25% of each, in the binary mixtures) in the same assay. In model systems for O2(•-) and H2O2, none of the uremic solutes showed scavenging activity. CONCLUSIONS The use of the IC50 as an analytical tool to prepare and analyze mixtures allows the determination of their scavenging capacities and may be useful for the assessment of the antioxidant status of biological samples under conditions of altered levels of the endogenous antioxidant network and/or in the employment and monitoring of exogenous antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata P Assis
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil 1621, Araraquara, CEP 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana F A Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Araraquara, CEP 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vânia O Gutierres
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil 1621, Araraquara, CEP 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Arcaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil 1621, Araraquara, CEP 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata S Brotto
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil 1621, Araraquara, CEP 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Olga M M F Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Araraquara, CEP 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda M Baviera
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil 1621, Araraquara, CEP 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Iguatemy L Brunetti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil 1621, Araraquara, CEP 14801-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Inaba M, Sugioka K, Naruko T, Yunoki K, Kato Y, Shibata T, Inoue T, Ohsawa M, Yoshiyama M, Ueda M. Enhanced expression of hemoglobin scavenger receptor and heme oxygenase-1 is associated with aortic valve stenosis in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Hemodial Int 2014; 18:632-40. [PMID: 24612419 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A high prevalence and a rapid progression of aortic valve stenosis (AS) in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) has been reported. In these circumstances, intraleaflet hemorrhage of aortic valve may be related to the development of AS in HD patients. We immunohistochemically examined the relationship among intraleaflet hemorrhage, neovascularization, hemoglobin scavenger receptor (CD163), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) using surgically resected aortic valve specimens from AS patients undergoing HD. The study population consisted of 26 HD patients and 25 non-HD patients with severe AS who had undergone aortic valve replacement. Frozen aortic valve samples surgically obtained from AS patients were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against smooth muscle cells, macrophages, glycophorin-A (a protein specific to erythrocyte membranes), CD31, CD163, and HO-1. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the CD163-positive macrophage score, the number of CD31-positive microvessels, and the percentage of glycophorin-A and HO-1-positive area were significantly higher in HD patients than in non-HD patients (CD163-positive macrophage score, P < 0.0001; CD31-positive microvessels, P < 0.0001; glycophorin-A, P < 0.0001; HO-1, P < 0.0001). Double immunostaining for CD163 or HO-1 and macrophages revealed that the majority of CD163- or HO-1-positive cells were macrophages. Furthermore, CD163-positive macrophage score was positively correlated with glycophorin-A, HO-1-positive area, and the number of CD31-positive microvessels (glycophorin-A, R = 0.66, P < 0.0001; HO-1, R = 0.50, P < 0.0005; microvessels, R = 0.38, P < 0.01). These findings suggest a positive association among intraleaflet hemorrhage, neovascularization, and enhanced expression of CD163 and HO-1 as a response to intraleaflet hemorrhage in stenotic aortic valves in AS patients undergoing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Inaba
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Yang SK, Xiao L, Xu B, Xu XX, Liu FY, Sun L. Effects of vitamin E-coated dialyzer on oxidative stress and inflammation status in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail 2014; 36:722-31. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.890858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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