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Abdelmonem H, Abdelhay HM, Abdelwadoud GT, Alhosini ANM, Ahmed AE, Mohamed SW, Al-Dardery NM, Abd-ElGawad M, Kamel MA. The efficacy and safety of metoclopramide in relieving acute migraine attacks compared with other anti-migraine drugs: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:221. [PMID: 37291500 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many drugs are prescribed in relieving acute migraine attacks, we aim to compare metoclopramide with other antimigraine drugs. METHODS We searched online databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science till June 2022 for RCTs that compared metoclopramide alone with placebo or active drugs. The main outcomes were the mean change in headache score and complete headache relief. The secondary outcomes were the rescue medications need, side effects, nausea and recurrence rate. We qualitatively reviewed the outcomes. Then, we performed the network meta-analyses (NMAs) when it was possible. which were done by the Frequentist method using the MetaInsight online software. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included with a total of 1934 patients: 826 received metoclopramide, 302 received placebo, and 806 received other active drugs. Metoclopramide was effective in reducing headache outcomes even for 24 h. The intravenous route was the most chosen route in the included studies and showed significant positive results regarding headache outcomes; however, the best route whether intramuscular, intravenous, or suppository was not compared in the previous studies. Also, both 10 and 20 mg doses of metoclopramide were effective in improving headache outcomes; however, there was no direct comparison between both doses and the 10 mg dose was the most frequently used dosage. In NMA of headache change after 30 min or 1 h, metoclopramide effect came after granisetron, ketorolac, chlorpromazine, and Dexketoprofen trometamol. Only granisetron's effect was significantly higher than metoclopramide's effect which was only significantly higher than placebo and sumatriptan. In headache-free symptoms, only prochlorperazine was non-significantly higher than metoclopramide which was higher than other medications and showed significantly higher effects only with placebo. In rescue medication, metoclopramide's effect was only non-significantly lower than prochlorperazine and chlorpromazine while its effect was higher than other drugs and showed higher significant effects only than placebo and valproate. In the recurrence rate, studies showed no significant difference between metoclopramide and other drugs. Metoclopramide significantly decreased nausea more than the placebo. Regarding side effects, metoclopramide showed a lower incidence of mild side effects than pethidine and chlorpromazine and showed a higher incidence of mild side effects than placebo, dexamethasone, and ketorolac. The reported extrapyramidal symptoms with metoclopramide were dystonia or akathisia. CONCLUSION A dose of 10 mg IV Metoclopramide was effective in relieving migraine attacks with minimal side effects. Compared to other active drugs, it only showed a lower significant effect compared with granisetron regarding headache change while it showed significantly higher effects only with placebo in both rescue medication needs and headache-free symptoms and valproate in only rescue medication need. Also, it significantly decreased headache scores more than placebo and sumatriptan. However, more studies are needed to support our results.
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Zarei M, Hajipoor Kashgsaray N, Asheghi M, Shahabifard H, Soleimanpour H. Non-opioid Intravenous Drugs for Pain Management in Patients Presenting with Acute Migraine Pain in the Emergency Department: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Anesth Pain Med 2022; 12:e132904. [PMID: 36937180 PMCID: PMC10016134 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-132904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Migraine is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide and the sixth cause of loss of life years due to disability. Migraine is reported mainly in young and middle-aged people, so it can cause a person to face many problems in doing daily tasks. The emergency department annually accepts 1.2 million patients with migraine. Therefore, timely diagnosis of the disease, knowledge of valuable drugs in an emergency, knowing how to use them, and finally, early treatment can play an essential and decisive role in improving patients' symptoms and reducing the disability caused by the disease. An essential and valuable drug category in the emergency department to manage pain is non-opioid intravenous (IV) drugs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate non-opioid IV drugs to manage pain in patients with acute migraines in the emergency department. Method This study conducted a comprehensive literature review to access the latest scientific studies and documents using keywords (acute migraine, non-opioid IV drugs, pain management) in reliable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. We reviewed 87 articles, 53 of which were evaluated and compared. Results A review study considers intravenous acetaminophen as a suitable option for the first-line treatment of acute migraine in the emergency department if the patient does not tolerate aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Various studies have obtained positive effects of NSAIDs and dihydroergotamine (DHE) in treating acute migraine. Prescribing anti-dopaminergic drugs can effectively reduce associated symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone and magnesium sulfate are effective in preventing migraine and severe attacks. Intravenous sodium valproate is effective in moderate to severe migraine attacks or treatment-resistant migraines. In the emergency department, prescribing intravenous haloperidol, lidocaine, and propofol can help manage migraine and improve other associated symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting. Conclusions Non-opioid IV drugs are essential to manage pain and improve other migraine symptoms in the emergency setting. Knowing the above drugs and their optimal use has a decisive role in managing patients with acute migraine in the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Zarei
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Milad Asheghi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hesam Shahabifard
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Soleimanpour
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ,
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Nurathirah MN, Yazid MB, Norhayati MN, Baharuddin KA, Abu Bakar MA. Efficacy of ketorolac in the treatment of acute migraine attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med 2022; 29:1118-1131. [PMID: 35138658 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review was designated to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral ketorolac in treating acute migraine headache. METHODS We searched databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, and Google Scholar up to January 2021 and identified randomized controlled trials comparing ketorolac to any other medications in treating patients presenting with migraine headache. RESULTS Thirteen trials were included in our review, comprising 944 participants. We derived seven comparisons: ketorolac versus phenothiazines, metoclopramide, sumatriptan, dexamethasone, sodium valproate, caffeine, and diclofenac. There were no significant differences in the reduction of pain intensity at 1 h under the comparisons between ketorolac and phenothiazines (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.09, p = 0.74) or metoclopramide (SMD = 0.02, p = 0.95). We also found no difference in the outcome recurrence of headache (ketorolac vs. phenothiazines (risk ratio [RR] =0.98, p = 0.97)], ability to return to work or usual activity (ketorolac vs. metoclopramide [RR = 0.64, p = 0.13]), need for rescue medication (ketorolac vs. phenothiazines [RR = 1.72, p = 0.27], ketorolac vs. metoclopramide [RR 2.20, p = 0.18]), and frequency of adverse effects (ketorolac vs. metoclopramide [RR = 1.07, p = 0.82]). Limited trials suggested that ketorolac offered better pain relief at 1 h compared to sumatriptan and dexamethasone; had lesser frequency of adverse effects than phenothiazines; and was superior to sodium valproate in terms of reduction of pain intensity at 1 h, need for rescue medication, and sustained headache freedom within 24 h. CONCLUSIONS Ketorolac may have similar efficacy to phenothiazines and metoclopramide in treating acute migraine headache. Ketorolac may also offer better pain control than sumatriptan, dexamethasone, and sodium valproate. However, given the lack of evidence due to inadequate number of trials available, future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Noor Nurathirah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Boniami Yazid
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Norhayati
- Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Sarvari HR, Baigrezaii H, Nazarianpirdosti M, Meysami A, Safari-Faramani R. Comparison of the efficacy of intranasal ketamine versus intravenous ketorolac on acute non-traumatic headaches: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Head Face Med 2022; 18:1. [PMID: 34980184 PMCID: PMC8722273 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non - traumatic headaches are one of the most common causes of referral to hospital emergency. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intranasal ketamine and intravenous ketorolac on acute non-traumatic headaches. METHODS This randomized and double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2019. One hundred and forty samples were randomly divided into intranasal ketamine (A) and intravenous ketorolac (B). Group (A) received ketamine intranasal (0.75 mg/kg, max 75 mg), and group B received intravenous ketorolac (30 mg). Headache severity was measured on arrival, 30, 60, and 120 min after intervention with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The side effects were recorded an hour after the intervention. RESULT The mean difference of pain intensity 30, 60, and 120 min after the intervention between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In the first 30 min, significant changes were observed in the VAS levels of the two groups. These changes were significantly greater in the intranasal ketamine group (p < 0.001). Side effects such as fatigue, dizziness, general discomfort, nausea, increased heart rate, and hypertension were significantly higher in the ketamine group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Intranasal ketamine and intravenous ketorolac both effectively reduced headaches. However, more analgesic effects of intranasal ketamine in a short time can be considered as a selective approach to reducing headaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20180108038276N3 , Registered 29 September 2019. ETHICS COMMITTEE REFERENCE NUMBER IR.KUMS.REC.1398.068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Rafiei Sarvari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Baigrezaii
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Meysami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roya Safari-Faramani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Azimova Y, Amelin A, Alferova V, Artemenko A, Akhmadeeva L, Golovacheva V, Danilov A, Ekusheva E, Isagulian E, Koreshkina M, Kurushina O, Latysheva N, Lebedeva E, Naprienko M, Osipova V, Pavlov N, Parfenov V, Rachin A, Sergeev A, Skorobogatykh K, Tabeeva G, Filatova E. Clinical guidelines "Migraine". Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221220134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yuan H, Curran JG, Keith SW, Hopkins MM, Silberstein SD. Intravenous ibuprofen for acute treatment of migraine: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Headache 2021; 61:1432-1440. [PMID: 34601736 DOI: 10.1111/head.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) Ibuprofen for acute treatment of migraine. BACKGROUND IV nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an alternative to oral NSAIDs, especially in patients with severe migraine who have emesis or gastroparesis. To date, only three IV NSAIDs (ketorolac, ibuprofen, and meloxicam) are available in the United States for use in moderate and severe pain, but no placebo-controlled trial is available for migraine. We performed a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV ibuprofen as an acute treatment of migraine (NCT01230411). METHODS Individuals with episodic migraine were screened at the Jefferson Headache Center. Qualified subjects were treated for migraine attacks within 2-72 h following the headache onset with either 800 mg of IV ibuprofen or placebo in 250 ml saline bolus. Migraine pain intensity (4-point Likert scale) and associated symptoms were assessed at predetermined time points (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 24 h). The primary endpoint was pain relief at 2 h after infusion. Important secondary endpoints included pain freedom at 2 h, sustained relief over 24 h, use of rescue therapy, and absence of associated symptoms. Adverse events (AEs) were also collected. RESULTS Seventy-four participants were enrolled between 2011 and 2017. Forty-four subjects (female 33/44; 75.0%) with mean (SD) age 41.0 (11.2) 11.2 years came for the treatment. All treated subjects (n = 44) were included in the analysis. Among them, 23 were randomized to receive IV ibuprofen. Both groups were demographically similar except for longer migraine duration (i.e., years lived with disease) in the active treatment than in the placebo group. At 2 h posttreatment, pain relief was found in 74% (17/23) and 48% (10/21) after IV ibuprofen and placebo, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 3.12, 95% CI: 0.88-11.0; p = 0.078). Other secondary endpoints at 2 and 24 h were not significant. The longitudinal repeated-measures analysis within 2 h on ibuprofen treatment showed significant pain relief (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.08-5.7; p = 0.033) and absence of associated symptoms: photophobia (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.57-10.3; p = 0.004), phonophobia (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.16-8.4; p = 0.025), and osmophobia (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.01-11.8; p = 0.048). AEs were observed in seven subjects in both groups, with arm pain being the most common. No serious AE was reported. CONCLUSION This study did not meet the primary endpoint but showed pain relief and elimination of several associated symptoms within 2 h on repeated-measures analysis. Although limited by small sample size and high placebo response, our results indicate that IV ibuprofen may be a safe and effective option for acute treatment of migraine, but more extensive studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiangkuo Yuan
- Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John G Curran
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott W Keith
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary M Hopkins
- Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen D Silberstein
- Jefferson Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wells S, Stiell IG, Vishnyakova E, Lun R, Nemnom MJ, Perry JJ. Optimal management strategies for primary headache in the emergency department. CAN J EMERG MED 2021; 23:802-811. [PMID: 34390484 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-021-00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the factors associated with better outcomes for emergency department (ED) patients treated for primary headache. METHODS This was a health records review of consecutive patients over a 3-month period presenting to two tertiary EDs and discharged with a diagnosis of primary headache. The primary outcome was the need for second round medications, defined as medications received > 1 h after the initial physician-ordered medications were administered. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine treatment factors associated with need for second round medications. RESULTS We included 553 patients, mean age was 42.2 years and 72.9% were females. The most common diagnoses were headache not otherwise specified (48.8%) and migraine (43%). Ketorolac IV (62.2%) and metoclopramide IV (70.2%) were the most frequently administered medications. 18% of patients met the primary outcome. Dopamine antagonists (OR 0.3 [95% CI 0.1-0.5]) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR 0.5 [95% CI 0.3-0.8]) ordered with initial medications were associated with reduced need for second round medications. Intravenous fluid boluses ≥ 500 ml (OR 2.8 [95% CI: 1.5-5.2]) and non-dopamine antagonist antiemetics (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.2-4.2]) were associated with increased need. Opioid use approached statistical significance for receiving second round medication (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION We determined that use of dopamine antagonists and NSAIDs were associated with a reduced need for second round medications in ED primary headache patients. Conversely, non-dopamine antagonist antiemetic medications and intravenous fluids were associated with a significantly increased need for second round medications. Careful choice of initial therapy may optimize management for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wells
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, The Ottawa Hospital, F647, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 685, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Ian G Stiell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, The Ottawa Hospital, F647, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 685, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ronda Lun
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Joe Nemnom
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Perry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, The Ottawa Hospital, F647, 1053 Carling Avenue, Box 685, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada. .,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Vélez-Jiménez MK, Chiquete-Anaya E, Orta DSJ, Villarreal-Careaga J, Amaya-Sánchez LE, Collado-Ortiz MÁ, Diaz-García ML, Gudiño-Castelazo M, Hernández-Aguilar J, Juárez-Jiménez H, León-Jiménez C, Loy-Gerala MDC, Marfil-Rivera A, Antonio Martínez-Gurrola M, Martínez-Mayorga AP, Munive-Báez L, Nuñez-Orozo L, Ojeda-Chavarría MH, Partida-Medina LR, Pérez-García JC, Quiñones-Aguilar S, Reyes-Álvarez MT, Rivera-Nava SC, Torres-Oliva B, Vargas-García RD, Vargas-Méndez R, Vega-Boada F, Vega-Gaxiola SB, Villegas-Peña H, Rodriguez-Leyva I. Comprehensive management of adults with chronic migraine: Clinical practice guidelines in Mexico. CEPHALALGIA REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/25158163211033969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Migraine is a polygenic multifactorial disorder with a neuronal initiation of a cascade of neurochemical processes leading to incapacitating headaches. Headaches are generally unilateral, throbbing, 4–72 h in duration, and associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and sonophobia. Chronic migraine (CM) is the presence of a headache at least 15 days per month for ≥3 months and has a high global impact on health and economy, and therapeutic guidelines are lacking. Methods: Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations system, we conducted a search in MEDLINE and Cochrane to investigate the current evidence and generate recommendations of clinical practice on the identification of risk factors and treatment of CM in adults. Results: We recommend avoiding overmedication of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); ergotamine; caffeine; opioids; barbiturates; and initiating individualized prophylactic treatment with topiramate eptinezumab, galcanezumab, erenumab, fremanezumab, or botulinum toxin. We highlight the necessity of managing comorbidities initially. In the acute management, we recommend NSAIDs, triptans, lasmiditan, and gepants alone or with metoclopramide if nausea or vomiting. Non-pharmacological measures include neurostimulation. Conclusions: We have identified the risk factors and treatments available for the management of CM based on a grading system, which facilitates selection for individualized management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erwin Chiquete-Anaya
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, México
| | - Daniel San Juan Orta
- Department of Clinical Research of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Dr. Manuel Velazco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Enrique Amaya-Sánchez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional SXXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Collado-Ortiz
- Staff physician of the hospital and the Neurological Center ABC (The American British Cowdray Hospital IAP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan Hernández-Aguilar
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Infantil de México. Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carolina León-Jiménez
- Department of Neurology, ISSSTE Regional Hospital, “Dr. Valentin Gomez Farías”, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Marfil-Rivera
- Headache and Chronic Pain Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital Univrsitario Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Patricia Martínez-Mayorga
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto”, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lilia Nuñez-Orozo
- Department of Neurology, National Medical Center 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Roberto Partida-Medina
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Vega-Boada
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Hilda Villegas-Peña
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Clínica de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto”, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosi, SLP, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang PR, Lopez R, Seballos SS, Campbell MJ, Udeh BL, Phelan MP. Management of migraine in the emergency department: Findings from the 2010-2017 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 41:40-45. [PMID: 33385884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to describe trends in the medical management of migraine in the emergency department (ED) using the 2010-2017 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) datasets. METHODS Using the 2010-2017 NHAMCS datasets, we analyzed visits with a discharge diagnosis of migraine. Drug prescription frequencies between years were compared with the Rao-Scott chi-squared test. Adjusted odds ratios of opioid administration from 2010 to 2017 were calculated using weighted multivariable logistic regression with sex, age, race/ethnicity, pain-score, primary expected source of payment, and year as predictor variables. RESULTS Our analysis captured 1846 ED visits with a diagnosis of migraine from 2010 to 2017, representing a weighted average of 1.2 million US ED visits per year. Parenteral opioids were prescribed in 49% (95% CI: 40, 58) of visits in 2010 and 28% (95% CI: 15, 45) of visits in 2017 (p = 0.03). From 2010 to 2017, there was a 10% yearly decrease in opioid prescriptions. Metoclopramide and ketorolac were prescribed more frequently in years 2015 through 2017 than in 2010. Increased opioid administration was associated with female sex, older age, white race, higher pain score, and having Medicare or private insurance as the primary expected source of payment for all years. CONCLUSION Opioid administration for migraine in EDs across the US declined 10% annually between 2010 and 2017, demonstrating improved adherence to migraine guidelines recommending against opioids. We identified several factors associated with opioid administration for migraine, identifying groups at higher risk for unnecessary opioids in the ED setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Wang
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Center for Populations Health Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Spencer S Seballos
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Campbell
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Belinda L Udeh
- Center for Populations Health Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Neurological Institute Center for Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael P Phelan
- Emergency Services Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews treatment options for patients presenting with headache in the emergency department (ED) and for inpatients, including red flags and status migrainosus (SM). RECENT FINDINGS Most patients presenting with headache in the ED will have migraine, but red flags must be reviewed to rule out secondary headaches. SM refractory to home treatment is a common reason for ED presentation or inpatient admission, but high-quality treatment evidence is lacking. Common treatments include intravenous fluids, anti-dopaminergic agents with diphenhydramine, steroids, divalproex, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous dihydroergotamine, and nerve blocks. Other therapies (e.g., ketamine and lidocaine) are used with limited or inconsistent evidence. There is evidence for inpatient behavioral management therapy. This article details red flags to review in the workup of headache presentation in the ED and provides a step-wise approach to ED and inpatient management. However, more studies are needed to better optimize care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Robblee
- Jan and Tom Lewis Migraine Treatment Program, Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Kate W Grimsrud
- Cerebrovascular and Hospital Neurology, Penrose Neuroscience, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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11
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Godwin SA, Cherkas DS, Panagos PD, Shih RD, Byyny R, Wolf SJ. Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Acute Headache. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 74:e41-e74. [PMID: 31543134 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This clinical policy from the American College of Emergency Physicians addressed key issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute headache. A writing subcommittee conducted a systematic review of the literature to derive evidence-based recommendations to answer the following clinical questions: (1) In the adult emergency department patient presenting with acute headache, are there risk-stratification strategies that reliably identify the need for emergent neuroimaging? (2) In the adult emergency department patient treated for acute primary headache, are nonopioids preferred to opioid medications? (3) In the adult emergency department patient presenting with acute headache, does a normal noncontrast head computed tomography scan performed within 6 hours of headache onset preclude the need for further diagnostic workup for subarachnoid hemorrhage? (4) In the adult emergency department patient who is still considered to be at risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage after a negative noncontrast head computed tomography, is computed tomography angiography of the head as effective as lumbar puncture to safely rule out subarachnoid hemorrhage? Evidence was graded and recommendations were made based on the strength of the available data.
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Giamberardino MA, Affaitati G, Costantini R, Guglielmetti M, Martelletti P. Acute headache management in emergency department. A narrative review. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:109-117. [PMID: 31893348 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Headache is a significant reason for access to Emergency Departments (ED) worldwide. Though primary forms represent the vast majority, the life-threatening potential of secondary forms, such as subarachnoid hemorrage or meningitis, makes it imperative for the ED physician to rule out secondary headaches as first step, based on clinical history, careful physical (especially neurological) examination and, if appropriate, hematochemical analyses, neuroimaging or lumbar puncture. Once secondary forms are excluded, distinction among primary forms should be performed, based on the international headache classification criteria. Most frequent primary forms motivating ED observation are acute migraine attacks, particularly status migrainous, and cluster headache. Though universally accepted guidelines do not exist for headache management in an emergency setting, pharmacological parenteral treatment remains the principal approach worldwide, with NSAIDs, neuroleptic antinauseants, triptans and corticosteroids, tailored to the specific headache type. Opioids should be avoided, for their scarce effectiveness in the acute phase, while IV hydration should be limited in cases of ascertained dehydration. Referral of the patient to a Headache Center should subsequently be an integral part of the ED approach to the headache patients, being ascertained that lack of this referral involves a high rate of relapse and new accesses to the ED. More controlled studies are needed to establish specific protocols of management for the headache patient in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Adele Giamberardino
- Headache Center, Geriatrics Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging and Ce.S.I.-Met, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giannapia Affaitati
- Headache Center, Geriatrics Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging and Ce.S.I.-Met, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Raffaele Costantini
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Martina Guglielmetti
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy.
- UOC Medicina Interna, AOU Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy.
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Engel ER, Cheng J. IM ketorolac vs diclofenac potassium powder for oral solution for the acute treatment of severe migraine: a randomized controlled trial. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:537-542. [PMID: 31833000 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diclofenac potassium for oral solution (CAMBIA®) may be an alternative for patients who would otherwise need to be seen in a healthcare setting for parenteral ketorolac. CAMBIA® is FDA-approved for the abortive treatment of migraine and has demonstrated superiority over generic diclofenac tablets with rapid migraine reduction. This study assessed for efficacy of CAMBIA® as an alternative outpatient treatment for refractory migraine to parenteral ketorolac. METHODS We performed an exploratory, single-center, double-blind, double-dummy randomized controlled trial comparing CAMBIA® with IM ketorolac. Participants were randomized to receive either ketorolac 60 mg IM with dummy oral solution or CAMBIA® 50 mg, together with IM injection of normal saline. The primary endpoint was headache severity, self-rated on a scale 0-3. Secondary endpoints included self-rated nausea, disability, and photo- or phonophobia, as well as presence of side effects and need for additional rescue therapy. RESULTS A total of 23 patients were enrolled. Ten patients received the study drug and 13 patients received IM ketorolac as the control. There were no major differences observed with respect to the primary outcome of mean headache severity at successive time points over a 24-h follow-up period. No major differences were found with respect to average disability, nausea, and photo- or phonophobia ratings. No major adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION In treatment of refractory migraine headache, CAMBIA® may provide similar benefits as IM ketorolac without increasing the risk of treatment failure, major bleeding, or cardiovascular events. However, larger studies are needed to confirm this finding. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT # 02664116, Titled "IM Ketorolac vs Diclofenac Potassium Powder for Oral Solution (CAMBIA®) for the Acute Treatment of Severe Migraine". Registered 26 January 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02664116?term=02664116&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rubenstein Engel
- Dalessio Headache Center Scripps Clinic Division of Neurology, 10666 North Torrey Pines Rd. MS 313, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Joshua Cheng
- Scripps Green Hospital, SCMG Hospitalists, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Abstract
Migraine headaches account for approximately 1.2 million emergency department (ED) visits annually. Despite the prevalence of this condition, there is little consensus on the best pharmacotherapeutic interventions to use in the ED setting. Guidelines published by the American Headache Society and the Canadian Headache Society offer some direction to ED providers but are not widely utilized. This article reviews the best evidence behind some of the medications frequently used to treat acute migraines in the ED setting, including dopamine receptor antagonists, serotonin receptor agonists, anti-inflammatory medications, opioids, magnesium, valproate, and propofol. The evaluation of patients presenting to the ED with an acute headache, the diagnostic criteria for migraines, and implications for advanced practice are also discussed.
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Vécsei L, Szok D, Nyári A, Tajti J. Treating status migrainosus in the emergency setting: what is the best strategy? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1523-1531. [PMID: 30198804 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1516205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine is a disabling primary headache disorder with unknown exact pathomechanism. Status migrainosus (SM) is a complication of migraine (with or without aura), representing an attack that lasts for more than 72 h. There is a paucity of data published with regard to its pathomechanism and therapeutic options. AREAS COVERED The authors review the literature on SM from PubMed published between 1999 and January 2018. The authors specifically look at the therapeutic possibilities of SM in the emergency department in patients that have or have not already been treated with serotonergic agents. Additional discussion is given to the rare complications of migraine. EXPERT OPINION SM is a devastating condition; therefore, the primary goal is to prevent its development with proper acute and prophylactic migraine medication. If this treatment fails, the patient should be treated in the emergency setting. Due to the severity of the condition, parenteral pharmacotherapy is recommended. However, high-quality randomized trials are lacking. The currently available data suggest the use of intravenous fluids, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, anticonvulsive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiemetics, and serotonergic agents for the treatment of SM. Still, there is a need for personalized and causal therapy for migraine sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Vécsei
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,b MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Délia Szok
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Aliz Nyári
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - János Tajti
- a Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center , University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
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Benign Headache Management in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Med 2018; 54:458-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Meyering SH, Stringer RW, Hysell MK. Randomized Trial of Adding Parenteral Acetaminophen to Prochlorperazine and Diphenhydramine to Treat Headache in the Emergency Department. West J Emerg Med 2017; 18:373-381. [PMID: 28435487 PMCID: PMC5391886 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2016.12.29218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Headaches represent over three million emergency department (ED) visits per year, comprising 2.4% of all ED visits. There are many proposed methods and clinical guidelines of treating acute headache presentations. However, data on intravenous acetaminophen usage in these settings are lacking. In this study, we sought to determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen as an adjunct to a standard therapy for the treatment of patients who present to the ED with a chief complaint of “headache.” Methods We conducted a single site, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the clinical efficacy of IV acetaminophen as an adjunct to a standard therapy with prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine for the treatment of patients who present to the ED with a chief complaint of “headache” or variants thereof. (See below for variants). The primary outcome measure of the efficacy of parenteral acetaminophen as an adjunct treatment for headache in addition to a standard therapy was a threshold two-point reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores on a 1–10 level at 90 minutes. Secondary outcomes measures included assessment of decreased requirement of “rescue” pain medicines, defined as any analgesic medications outside of diphenhydramine, prochlorperazine and acetaminophen, with particular interest to potential opioid-sparing effects with parenteral acetaminophen. Additional secondary outcome measure included time to disposition from arrival in the ED. Results For the acetaminophen group the initial mean pain score was 8.67, for the placebo group 8.61. At 90 minutes pain score was 2.23 for the acetaminophen group and 3.99 for placebo (p<0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.8%–16%]. Of 45 patients in each group, we observed at least a threshold two-point decrease in pain score 36/45 (80%) with acetaminophen vs. 25/45 (55%) with placebo (p <0.01) 95% CI [5%–41%], number needed to treat (NNT) = 4). Secondary outcome measure did not demonstrate a difference in length of stay (161 minutes for acetaminophen arm and 159 minutes for placebo). However, 17/45 (38%) of patients who received IV acetaminophen required rescue analgesia, opposed to 24/45 (53%) of patients in the placebo group (p=0.13) 95% CI [−5%–34%]. Conclusion IV acetaminophen when used with prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine to treat acute headaches in the ED resulted in statistically significant pain reduction compared with prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine alone as measured by both threshold of lowering VAS pain score by at least two points (NNT = 4) and overall decline in VAS pain score. Further study is required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan H Meyering
- Michigan State University, Lakeland Healthcare, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph, Michigan
| | - Ryan W Stringer
- Michigan State University, Lakeland Healthcare, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph, Michigan
| | - Matthew K Hysell
- Michigan State University, Lakeland Healthcare, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph, Michigan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Friedman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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19
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Moisset X, Mawet J, Guegan-Massardier E, Bozzolo E, Gilard V, Tollard E, Feraud T, Noëlle B, Rondet C, Donnet A. French Guidelines For the Emergency Management of Headaches. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:350-60. [PMID: 27377828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Moisset
- Inserm U-1107, NeuroDol, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, 49, boulevard François-Mitterrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Gabriel Montpied, Service de Neurologie, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - J Mawet
- Centre d'urgences céphalées, département de Neurologie, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Université Paris Denis Diderot et DHU NeuroVasc Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - E Guegan-Massardier
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - E Bozzolo
- Service de neurologie, Pôle des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - V Gilard
- Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - E Tollard
- Service de neuroradiologie, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - T Feraud
- Service d'accueil des urgences, hôpital Timone, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - B Noëlle
- Cabinet privé, 35, allée de Champrond, 38330 Saint-Ismier, France
| | - C Rondet
- Faculté de médecine, Service de médecine générale, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - A Donnet
- Inserm U-1107, NeuroDol, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, 49, boulevard François-Mitterrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre d'évaluation et de traitement de la douleur, hôpital Timone, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
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Review of the Typical and Atypical Treatment Options for Acute Migraine Headache in the Emergency Department. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-016-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Rao AS, Gelaye B, Kurth T, Dash PD, Nitchie H, Peterlin BL. A Randomized Trial of Ketorolac vs. Sumatripan vs. Placebo Nasal Spray (KSPN) for Acute Migraine. Headache 2016; 56:331-40. [PMID: 26840902 DOI: 10.1111/head.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of ketorolac nasal spray (NS) vs. placebo and sumatriptan NS for the acute treatment of migraine. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo and active-comparator, crossover study. Adult migraineurs were randomized to ketorolac NS 31.5 mg, sumatriptan NS 20 mg, or placebo to treat three moderate to severe migraine attacks and switched treatments with each attack. Patients seeking headache care at a headache center or in response to community advertisement were recruited. Adult participants with episodic migraine who experienced ≥2 migraine attacks per month were eligible for the Ketorolac vs. Sumatriptan vs. Placebo Nasal Spray migraine study. Participants were randomized to treatment arms by a research pharmacist, in a 1:1:1 ratio using computer-generated lists. The primary outcome was 2-hour pain relief. Secondary outcomes included 2-hour pain freedom and absence of migraine associated symptoms, and 24-hour sustained pain relief and pain freedom. RESULTS Of the 72 randomized participants, 54 (75%) treated at least one attack and 49 (68%) completed all three treatments, for a total of 152 treated migraine attacks. Both ketorolac NS (72.5%, P < .001) and sumatriptan NS (69.4%, P = .001) were more effective than placebo (38.3%) for 2-hour pain relief and 2-hour pain freedom (ketorolac: 43.1%, P = .004; sumatriptan: 36.7%, P = .046; placebo: 18.4%). Ketorolac NS, but not sumatriptan NS, was more effective than placebo in 2-hour absence of nausea. Both ketorolac NS and sumatriptan NS were more effective than placebo for 24-hour sustained pain relief (ketorolac: 49%, P < .001; sumatriptan: 31%, P = .01, placebo: 20%). Only ketorolac NS was superior to placebo for 24-hour (ketorolac: 35.3%, P = .003; sumatriptan: 22.4%, P = .18, placebo: 12.2%) sustained pain freedom. Nasal burning and dysgeusia were the most common adverse effects for active treatments. CONCLUSIONS This study supports that ketorolac NS is superior to placebo and that it is non-inferior to sumatriptan NS for the acute abortive treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna S Rao
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul D Dash
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haley Nitchie
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Lee Peterlin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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McCarthy LH, Cowan RP. Comparison of parenteral treatments of acute primary headache in a large academic emergency department cohort. Cephalalgia 2015; 35:807-15. [PMID: 25366551 PMCID: PMC4417651 DOI: 10.1177/0333102414557703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to compare acute primary headache patient outcomes in those initially treated with parenteral opiates or non-opiate recommended headache medications in a large academic medical emergency department (ED). BACKGROUND Many acute primary headache patients are not diagnosed with a specific headache type and are treated with opiates and nonspecific pain medications in the ED setting. This is inconsistent with multiple expert recommendations. METHODS Electronic charts were reviewed from 574 consecutive patients who visited the ED for acute primary headache (identified by chief complaint and ICD9 codes) and were treated with parenteral medications. RESULTS Non-opiate recommended headache medications were given first line to 52.6% and opiates to 22.8% of all participants. Patients given opiates first had significantly longer length of stays (median 5.0 vs. 3.9 hours, p < 0.001) and higher rates of return ED visits within seven days (7.6% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.033) compared with those given non-opiate recommended medications in univariate analysis. Only the association with longer length of stay remained significant in multivariable regression including possible confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Initial opiate use is associated with longer length of stay compared with non-opiate first-line recommended medications for acute primary headache in the ED. This association remained strong and significant even after multivariable adjustment for headache diagnosis and other possible confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H McCarthy
- Stanford University, Department of Neurology, USA Puget Sound VA Healthcare System, USA
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Gungor F, Akyol KC, Kesapli M, Celik A, Karaca A, Bozdemir MN, Eken C. Intravenous dexketoprofen vs placebo for migraine attack in the emergency department: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Cephalalgia 2015; 36:179-84. [PMID: 25944813 DOI: 10.1177/0333102415584604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migraine is a leading headache etiology that frequently presents to the emergency department (ED). In the present study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of dexketoprofen in aborting migraine headaches in the ED. METHODS This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted in an ED of a tertiary care hospital using allocation concealment. Patients were allocated into two arms to receive the study drug; 50 mg dexketoprofen in 50 ml saline and 50 ml saline as placebo. Change in pain intensity was measured by the visual analog scale at baseline, both at 30 and 45 minutes after the study medication was administered. Rescue medication requirement and pain relapse were also recorded by a telephone follow-up at 48 hours. RESULTS A total of 224 patients (112 in each group) were included into the final analysis. Mean age of the study participants was 37 ± 11 (SD) and 25% (n = 56) of them were male. The median pain improvement at 45 minutes for patients receiving dexketoprofen was 55 (IQR: 49 to 60) and 30 (IQR: 25 to 35) for those receiving placebo. The mean difference between the two groups at 45 minutes was 21.4 (95% CI: 14.4. to 28.5). Rescue drugs were needed in 22.3% of patients who received dexketoprofen compared to 55.4% in patients who received placebo (dif: 33.1%; 95% CI: 20% to 45%). There were no adverse events reported in either group during the study period. CONCLUSION Intravenous dexketoprofen is superior to placebo in relieving migraine headaches in the ED. It may be a suitable therapy with minimum side effects in patients presenting with a migraine headache to the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Gungor
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey
| | - Kamil Can Akyol
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kesapli
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Celik
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey
| | - Adeviye Karaca
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Bozdemir
- Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey
| | - Cenker Eken
- Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, Turkey
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Madsen TE, Seigel TA, Mackenzie RS, Marcolini EG, Wira CR, Healy ME, Wright DW, Gentile NT. Gender differences in neurologic emergencies part I: a consensus summary and research agenda on cerebrovascular disease. Acad Emerg Med 2014; 21:1403-13. [PMID: 25422086 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular neurologic emergencies including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and migraine are leading causes of death and disability that are frequently diagnosed and treated in the emergency department (ED). Although sex and gender differences in neurologic emergencies are beginning to become clearer, there are many unanswered questions about how emergency physicians should incorporate sex and gender into their research initiatives, patient evaluations, and overall management plans for these conditions. After evaluating the existing gaps in the literature, a core group of ED researchers developed a draft of future research priorities. Participants in the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference neurologic emergencies working group then discussed and approved the recommended research agenda using a standardized nominal group technique. Recommendations for future research on the role of sex and gender in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes pertinent to ED providers are described for each of three diagnoses: stroke, SAH, and migraine. Recommended future research also includes investigation of the biologic and pathophysiologic differences between men and women with neurologic emergencies as they pertain to ED diagnoses and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy E. Madsen
- Department of Emergency Medicine; The Alpert Medical School of Brown University Rhode Island Hospital; Providence RI
| | - Todd A. Seigel
- Department of Medicine; UCSF School of Medicine; San Francisco CA
| | | | | | - Charles R. Wira
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Yale University; New Haven CT
| | - Megan E. Healy
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA
| | - David W. Wright
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA
| | - Nina T. Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Temple University School of Medicine; Philadelphia PA
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Friedman BW, West J, Vinson DR, Minen MT, Restivo A, Gallagher EJ. Current management of migraine in US emergency departments: An analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Cephalalgia 2014; 35:301-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102414539055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Published data from 1998 revealed that most patients treated for migraine in an emergency department received opioids. Over the intervening years, a large body of evidence has emerged demonstrating the efficacy and safety of non-opioid alternatives. Expert opinion during these years has cautioned against use of opioids for migraine. Our objectives were to compare current frequency of use of various medications for acute migraine in US emergency departments with use of these same medications in 1998 and to identify factors independently associated with opioid use. Methods We analyzed National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 2010, the most current dataset available. The National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey is a public dataset collected and distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is a multi-stage probability sample from randomly selected emergency departments across the country, designed to be representative of all US emergency department visits. We included in our analysis all patients with the ICD9 emergency department discharge diagnosis of migraine. We tabulated frequency of use of specific medications in 2010 and compared these results with the 1998 data. Using a logistic regression model, into which all of the following variables were entered, we explored the independent association between any opioid use in 2010 and sex, age, race/ethnicity, geographic region, type of hospital, triage pain score and history of emergency department use within the previous 12 months. Results In 2010, there were 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.9, 1.4) million migraine visits to US emergency departments. Including opioid-containing oral analgesic combinations, opioids were administered in 59% of visits (95% confidence interval 51, 67). The most commonly used parenteral agent, hydromorphone, was used in 25% (95% confidence interval 19, 33) of visits in 2010 versus less than 1% (95% confidence interval 0, 3) in 1998. Conversely, use of meperidine had decreased markedly over the same timeframe. In 2010, it was used in just 7% (95% confidence interval 4, 12) of visits compared to 37% (95% confidence interval 29, 45) in 1998. Metoclopramide, the most commonly used anti-dopaminergic, was administered in 17% (95% confidence interval 12, 23) of visits in 2010 and 3% (95% confidence interval 1, 6) of visits in 1998. Use of any triptan was relatively uncommon in 2010 (7% (95% confidence interval 4, 11) of visits) and in 1998 (10% (95% confidence interval 6, 15) of visits). Of the predictor variables listed above, only emergency department use within the previous 12 months was associated with opioid administration (adjusted odds ratio: 2.87 (95% confidence interval 1.03, 7.97)). Conclusions In spite of recommendations to the contrary, opioids are still used in more than half of all emergency department visits for migraine. Though use of meperidine has decreased markedly between 1998 and 2010, it has largely been replaced by hydromorphone. Opioid use in migraine visits is independently associated with prior visits to the same emergency department in the previous 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Friedman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Jason West
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - David R Vinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, CA, USA
| | - Mia T Minen
- John Graham Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Restivo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - E John Gallagher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA
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Vadivelu N, Gowda AM, Urman RD, Jolly S, Kodumudi V, Maria M, Taylor R, Pergolizzi JV. Ketorolac tromethamine - routes and clinical implications. Pain Pract 2014; 15:175-93. [PMID: 24738596 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioids have long been used for analgesic purposes for a wide range of procedures. However, the binding of these drugs to opiate receptors has created various challenges to the clinician due to unfavorable side effect profiles and the potential for tolerance and abuse. In 1989, ketorolac became an approved nonsteroidal inflammatory drug (NSAID) for injectable use as an analgesic. Over the last 20 years, numerous studies have been conducted involving ketorolac. These studies have provided additional information about various routes of administration and their effect on the efficacy and the side effect profile of ketorolac. Moreover, ketorolac has been compared with several widely used analgesics. This review evaluates both the potential benefits and potential drawbacks of ketorolac generally, and specifically discusses routes of administration, including their advantages and disadvantages when compared to several traditional analgesics in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Vadivelu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
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Sokolov AY, Lyubashina OA, Sivachenko IB, Panteleev SS. Effects of intravenous metamizole on ongoing and evoked activity of dura-sensitive thalamic neurons in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 731:58-64. [PMID: 24650732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are the most common forms of primary headaches. A general key mechanism underlying development of both the diseases is the trigeminal system activation associated with the ascending nociceptive transmission via the trigemino-thalamo-cortical pathway. The ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus is a key thalamic structure, receiving afferent inflow from the craniofacial region; it holds the third-order neurons responsible for conveying sensory information from the extra- and intracranial nociceptors to the cortex. The VPM is currently seen as a therapeutic target for various antimigraine medications, which is shown to reduce the VPM neuronal excitability. A non-opioid analgesic metamizole is widely used in some countries for acute treatment of migraine or TTH. However, the precise mechanisms underlying anticephalgic action of metamizole remain unclear. The objective of our study performed in the rat model of trigemino-durovascular nociception was to evaluate the effects of intravenously administered metamizole on ongoing and evoked firing of the dura-sensitive VPM neurons. The experiments were carried out on rats under urethane-chloralose anesthesia. Cumulative administration of metamizole (thrice-repeated intravenous infusion of 150 mg/kg performed 30 min apart) in 56% of cases produced a suppression of both the ongoing activity of the thalamic VPM neurons and their responses to dural electrical stimulation. Although the inhibitory effect was prevailing, a number of VPM neurons were indifferent to the administration of metamizole. These data suggest that one of the main components of neural mechanism underlying anticephalgic action of metamizole is suppression of the thalamo-cortical nociceptive transmission associated with trigemino-vascular activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Y Sokolov
- Laboratory of Cortico-Visceral Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nab. Makarova, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Department of Neuropharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, First St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 6/8 Lev Tolstoy Street, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
| | - Olga A Lyubashina
- Laboratory of Cortico-Visceral Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nab. Makarova, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Department of Neuropharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, First St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 6/8 Lev Tolstoy Street, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
| | - Ivan B Sivachenko
- Laboratory of Cortico-Visceral Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nab. Makarova, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Sergey S Panteleev
- Laboratory of Cortico-Visceral Physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Nab. Makarova, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Department of Neuropharmacology, Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, First St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University, 6/8 Lev Tolstoy Street, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia.
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Sheridan DC, Spiro DM, Meckler GD. Pediatric migraine: abortive management in the emergency department. Headache 2013; 54:235-45. [PMID: 24512575 DOI: 10.1111/head.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that headache accounts for approximately 1% of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits. ED physicians must distinguish between primary headaches, such as a tension or migraine, and secondary headaches caused by systemic disease including neoplasm, infection, or intracranial hemorrhage. A recent study found that 40% of children presenting to the ED with headache were diagnosed with a primary headache, and 75% of these were migraine. Once the diagnosis of migraine has been made, the ED physician is faced with the challenge of determining appropriate abortive treatment. This review summarizes the most recent literature on pediatric migraine with an emphasis on diagnosis and abortive treatment in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Sheridan
- Department of Emergency Medicine/Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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