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Wei S, Du T, Zhang L, Li X, Wang Z, Ning Y, Tang Y, Wu X, Han J. A comprehensive exploration of astrocytes in migraine: a bibliometric and visual analysis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:321. [PMID: 38858735 PMCID: PMC11163711 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine, as a prevalent neurologic disorder, involves intricate and yet incompletely elucidated pathophysiological mechanisms. A plethora of research findings underscores the pivotal role played by astrocytes in the progression of migraines. In order to elucidate the current advances and directions in research pertaining to astrocytes in migraines, we conducted bibliometric analysis of relevant literature and visualized the results. Subsequently, we expound upon these findings to contribute to the evolving understanding of the role of astrocytes in migraine pathophysiology. METHODS On November 21, 2023, we conducted a search on Web of Science (WOS), restricting the document type to articles or reviews and language to English. Following a meticulous selection process involving three researchers, we identified the literature to be included in our analysis. Subsequently, we employed Microsoft Office Excel programs, R, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, and CiteSpace software to conduct visualization analysis of basic information and trends regarding journals, countries/regions, and influential authors, institutions, keywords, and papers. RESULTS As of November 21, 2023, relevant literature has been published in 71 journals across 27 countries/regions. This corpus comprises contributions from 576 authors affiliated with 220 institutions, encompassing 865 keywords and referencing 6065 scholarly articles. CEPHALALGIA stands out as the most influential journal in this field, while authors PIETROBON D and DALKARA T have significant impact. The United States is highly influential, with CNR and UNIV PADUA emerging as highly influential institutions. The predominant category is Neurosciences. CONCLUSIONS Future investigators may continue to focus on migraines with aura, familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), and the crucial calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) system. Employing advanced observational techniques, such as imaging, researchers should pay attention to cellular and tissue structures, such as microglia and the trigeminal ganglion, as well as mechanisms involving inflammation and central sensitization. Moreover, animal models are paramount in obtaining high-quality evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wei
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianqi Du
- Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuhao Li
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yike Ning
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Barrachina-Esteve O, Hidalgo-Torrico I, Acero C, Aranceta S, Cánovas-Vergé D, Ribera G. Visual snow syndrome and its relationship with migraine. Neurologia 2024; 39:190-195. [PMID: 37442427 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a central nervous system disorder that consists of the constant perception of small black and white dots throughout the entire visual field. DEVELOPMENT VSS can present from infancy to old age, with greater prevalence in the young population, and shows no difference between sexes. The diagnostic criteria include the presence of visual snow and such other visual phenomena as palinopsia, photophobia, nyctalopia, and other persistent visual phenomena. The pathophysiology of VSS is unknown, but hyperexcitability of the visual cortex and a dysfunction in higher-order visual processing are postulated as potential mechanisms. The prevalence of migraine among patients with VSS is high, compared to the general population, and symptoms are more severe in patients presenting both conditions. No effective treatment is available, but the drug with the best results is lamotrigine, which is recommended only in selected cases with severe functional limitation. CONCLUSIONS VSS is a little-known and underdiagnosed entity, but the increasing number of studies in recent years has made it possible to establish diagnostic criteria and begin studying its pathophysiology. This entity is closely related to migraine, with overlapping symptoms and probably shared pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Barrachina-Esteve
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - I Hidalgo-Torrico
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Acero
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - S Aranceta
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - D Cánovas-Vergé
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - G Ribera
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
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Dönmez-Demir B, Yemisci M, Uruk G, Söylemezoğlu F, Bolbos R, Kazmi S, Dalkara T. Cortical spreading depolarization-induced constriction of penetrating arteries can cause watershed ischemia: A potential mechanism for white matter lesions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1951-1966. [PMID: 37435741 PMCID: PMC10676143 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231186959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Periventricular white matter lesions (WMLs) are common MRI findings in migraine with aura (MA). Although hemodynamic disadvantages of vascular supply to this region create vulnerability, the pathophysiological mechanisms causing WMLs are unclear. We hypothesize that prolonged oligemia, a consequence of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) underlying migraine aura, may lead to ischemia/hypoxia at hemodynamically vulnerable watershed zones fed by long penetrating arteries (PAs). For this, we subjected mice to KCl-triggered single or multiple CSDs. We found that post-CSD oligemia was significantly deeper at medial compared to lateral cortical areas, which induced ischemic/hypoxic changes at watershed areas between the MCA/ACA, PCA/anterior choroidal and at the tip of superficial and deep PAs, as detected by histological and MRI examination of brains 2-4 weeks after CSD. BALB-C mice, in which MCA occlusion causes large infarcts due to deficient collaterals, exhibited more profound CSD-induced oligemia and were more vulnerable compared to Swiss mice such that a single CSD was sufficient to induce ischemic lesions at the tip of PAs. In conclusion, CSD-induced prolonged oligemia has potential to cause ischemic/hypoxic injury at hemodynamically vulnerable brain areas, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying WMLs located at the tip of medullary arteries seen in MA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Dönmez-Demir
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muge Yemisci
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Söylemezoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Radu Bolbos
- CERMEP – imagerie du vivant, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Shams Kazmi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Turgay Dalkara
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Li ML, Zhang F, Chen YY, Luo HY, Quan ZW, Wang YF, Huang LT, Wang JH. A state-of-the-art review of functional magnetic resonance imaging technique integrated with advanced statistical modeling and machine learning for primary headache diagnosis. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1256415. [PMID: 37746052 PMCID: PMC10513061 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1256415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary headache is a very common and burdensome functional headache worldwide, which can be classified as migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC), and other primary headaches. Managing and treating these different categories require distinct approaches, and accurate diagnosis is crucial. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a research hotspot to explore primary headache. By examining the interrelationships between activated brain regions and improving temporal and spatial resolution, fMRI can distinguish between primary headaches and their subtypes. Currently the most commonly used is the cortical brain mapping technique, which is based on blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). This review sheds light on the state-of-the-art advancements in data analysis based on fMRI technology for primary headaches along with their subtypes. It encompasses not only the conventional analysis methodologies employed to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms, but also deep-learning approaches that integrate these techniques with advanced statistical modeling and machine learning. The aim is to highlight cutting-edge fMRI technologies and provide new insights into the diagnosis of primary headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lin Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Yang Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Family Medicine, Liaoning Health Industry Group Fukuang General Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Han-Yong Luo
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zi-Wei Quan
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Hranilovich JA, Legget KT, Dodd KC, Wylie KP, Tregellas JR. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of headache: Issues, best-practices, and new directions, a narrative review. Headache 2023; 63:309-321. [PMID: 36942411 PMCID: PMC10089616 DOI: 10.1111/head.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ensure readers are informed consumers of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research in headache, to outline ongoing challenges in this area of research, and to describe potential considerations when asked to collaborate on fMRI research in headache, as well as to suggest future directions for improvement in the field. BACKGROUND Functional MRI has played a key role in understanding headache pathophysiology, and mapping networks involved with headache-related brain activity have the potential to identify intervention targets. Some investigators have also begun to explore its use for diagnosis. METHODS/RESULTS The manuscript is a narrative review of the current best practices in fMRI in headache research, including guidelines on transparency and reproducibility. It also contains an outline of the fundamentals of MRI theory, task-related study design, resting-state functional connectivity, relevant statistics and power analysis, image preprocessing, and other considerations essential to the field. CONCLUSION Best practices to increase reproducibility include methods transparency, eliminating error, using a priori hypotheses and power calculations, using standardized instruments and diagnostic criteria, and developing large-scale, publicly available datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Hranilovich
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristina T Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith C Dodd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Korey P Wylie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Research Service, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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White Matter Lesions Identified by Magnetic Resonance in Women with Migraine: A Volumetric Analysis and Clinical Correlations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040799. [PMID: 36832287 PMCID: PMC9955225 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated migraine attacks and aura could independently cause structural changes in the central nervous system. Our research aims to study the correlation of migraine type, attack frequency, and other clinical variables with the presence, volume and localization of white matter lesions (WML), in a controlled study. METHODS Sixty volunteers from a tertiary headache center were selected and divided equally into four groups: episodic migraine without aura (MoA), episodic migraine with aura (MA), chronic migraine (CM) and controls (CG). Voxel-based morphometry techniques were used to analyze WML. RESULTS There were no differences in WML variables between groups. There was a positive correlation between age and the number and total volume of WMLs, which persisted in the comparison categorized by size and brain lobe. Disease duration was positively correlated with the number and total volume of WML, and when controlled by age, the correlation maintained significance only for the insular lobe. Aura frequency was associated with frontal and temporal lobe WMLs. There was no statistically significant correlation between WML and other clinical variables. CONCLUSION Migraine overall is not a risk factor for WML. Aura frequency is, however, associated with temporal WML. Disease duration, in adjusted analyses that account for age, is associated with insular WML.
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Sanchez Del Rio M, Cutrer FM. Pathophysiology of migraine aura. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 198:71-83. [PMID: 38043972 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823356-6.00016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Migraine aura occurs in about a third of patients with migraine and consists of a group of transient focal neurological symptoms that appear from 5 to 60min and then resolve prior to or in the early phase of a migraine headache attack. Migraine auras may consist of visual, language, unilateral sensory, or motor symptoms. There has been considerable debate as to the origins of the migrainous aura. Investigations during physiologically induced visual auras suggest that the phenomenon of cortical spreading depression or its human equivalent underpins the migraine aura. Single gene defects have been linked to relatively rare forms of the motor subtypes of aura known as familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). These include CACNA1A (FHM1), ATP1A2 (FHM2), and SCN1A (FHM3). In the familial hemiplegic forms of migraine, the more typical forms of aura are almost always also present. Despite ample epidemiological evidence of increased heritability of migraine with aura compared to migraine without aura, identification of the specific variants driving susceptibility to the more common forms of aura has been problematic thus far. In the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) that focused migraine with aura, a single SNP rs835740 reached genome-wide significance. Unfortunately, the SNP did show statistical significance in a later meta-analysis which included GWAS data from subsequent studies. Here, we review the clinical features, pathophysiological theories, and currently available potential evidence for the genetic basis of migraine aura.
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Barrachina-Esteve O, Hidalgo-Torrico I, Acero C, Aranceta S, Cánovas-Vergé D, Ribera G. Visual snow syndrome and its relationship with migraine. Neurologia 2021:S0213-4853(21)00112-2. [PMID: 34521544 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a central nervous system disorder that consists of the constant perception of small black and white dots throughout the entire visual field. DEVELOPMENT VSS can present from infancy to old age, with greater prevalence in the young population, and shows no difference between sexes. The diagnostic criteria include the presence of visual snow and such other visual phenomena as palinopsia, photophobia, nyctalopia, and other persistent visual phenomena. The pathophysiology of VSS is unknown, but hyperexcitability of the visual cortex and a dysfunction in higher-order visual processing are postulated as potential mechanisms. The prevalence of migraine among patients with VSS is high, compared to the general population, and symptoms are more severe in patients presenting both conditions. No effective treatment is available, but the drug with the best results is lamotrigine, which is recommended only in selected cases with severe functional limitation. CONCLUSIONS VSS is a little-known and underdiagnosed entity, but the increasing number of studies in recent years has made it possible to establish diagnostic criteria and begin studying its pathophysiology. This entity is closely related to migraine, with overlapping symptoms and probably shared pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Barrachina-Esteve
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, España.
| | - I Hidalgo-Torrico
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiaca, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - C Acero
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, España
| | - S Aranceta
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, España
| | - D Cánovas-Vergé
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, España
| | - G Ribera
- Servicio de Neurología, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, España
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Abstract
Migraine is a prevalent primary headache disorder and is usually considered as benign. However, structural and functional changes in the brain of individuals with migraine have been reported. High frequency of white matter abnormalities, silent infarct-like lesions, and volumetric changes in both gray and white matter in individuals with migraine compared to controls have been demonstrated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies found altered connectivity in both the interictal and ictal phase of migraine. MR spectroscopy and positron emission tomography studies suggest abnormal energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as other metabolic changes in individuals with migraine. In this review, we provide a brief overview of neuroimaging studies that have helped us to characterize some of these changes and discuss their limitations, including small sample sizes and poorly defined control groups. A better understanding of alterations in the brains of patients with migraine could help not only in the diagnosis but may potentially lead to the optimization of a targeted anti-migraine therapy.
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Bell T, Stokoe M, Khaira A, Webb M, Noel M, Amoozegar F, Harris AD. GABA and glutamate in pediatric migraine. Pain 2021; 162:300-308. [PMID: 33326202 PMCID: PMC7737876 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is one of the top 5 most prevalent childhood diseases; however, effective treatment strategies for pediatric migraine are limited. For example, standard adult pharmaceutical therapies are less effective in children and can carry undesirable side effects. To develop more effective treatments, improved knowledge of the biology underlying pediatric migraine is necessary. One theory is that migraine results from an imbalance in cortical excitability. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies show changes in GABA and glutamate levels (the primary inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain, respectively) in multiple brain regions in adults with migraine; however, they have yet to be assessed in children with migraine. Using MRS and GABA-edited MRS, we show that children (7-13 years) with migraine and aura had significantly lower glutamate levels in the visual cortex compared to controls, the opposite to results seen in adults. In addition, we found significant correlations between metabolite levels and migraine characteristics; higher GABA levels were associated with higher migraine burden. We also found that higher glutamate in the thalamus and higher GABA/Glx ratios in the sensorimotor cortex were associated with duration since diagnosis, i.e., having migraines longer. Lower GABA levels in the sensorimotor cortex were associated with being closer to their next migraine attack. Together, this indicates that GABA and glutamate disturbances occur early in migraine pathophysiology and emphasizes that evidence from adults with migraine cannot be immediately translated to pediatric sufferers. This highlights the need for further mechanistic studies of migraine in children, to aid in development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehak Stokoe
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Akashroop Khaira
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Megan Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie Noel
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Farnaz Amoozegar
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ashley D. Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Current Evidence on Potential Uses of MicroRNA Biomarkers for Migraine: From Diagnosis to Treatment. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:681-694. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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