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Craig JM, Gerhard GS, Sharma S, Yankovskiy A, Miura S, Kumar S. Methods for Estimating Personal Disease Risk and Phylogenetic Diversity of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msad279. [PMID: 38124397 PMCID: PMC10768883 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An individual's chronological age does not always correspond to the health of different tissues in their body, especially in cases of disease. Therefore, estimating and contrasting the physiological age of tissues with an individual's chronological age may be a useful tool to diagnose disease and its progression. In this study, we present novel metrics to quantify the loss of phylogenetic diversity in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are precursors to most blood cell types and are associated with many blood-related diseases. These metrics showed an excellent correspondence with an age-related increase in blood cancer incidence, enabling a model to estimate the phylogeny-derived age (phyloAge) of HSCs present in an individual. The HSC phyloAge was generally older than the chronological age of patients suffering from myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We present a model that relates excess HSC aging with increased MPN risk. It predicted an over 200 times greater risk based on the HSC phylogenies of the youngest MPN patients analyzed. Our new metrics are designed to be robust to sampling biases and do not rely on prior knowledge of driver mutations or physiological assessments. Consequently, they complement conventional biomarker-based methods to estimate physiological age and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Craig
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Glenn S Gerhard
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudip Sharma
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anastasia Yankovskiy
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sayaka Miura
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Muranaka M, Takamatsu S, Ouchida T, Kanazawa Y, Kondo J, Nakagawa T, Egashira Y, Fukagawa K, Gu J, Okamoto T, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E. Vesicular Integral-Membrane Protein 36 Is Involved in the Selective Secretion of Fucosylated Proteins into Bile Duct-like Structures in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087037. [PMID: 37108200 PMCID: PMC10138374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated proteins are widely used as biomarkers of cancer and inflammation. Fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a specific biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. We previously showed that increases in serum AFP-L3 levels depend on increased expression of fucosylation-regulatory genes and abnormal transport of fucosylated proteins in cancer cells. In normal hepatocytes, fucosylated proteins are selectively secreted in the bile duct but not blood. In cases of cancer cells without cellular polarity, this selective secretion system is destroyed. Here, we aimed to identify cargo proteins involved in the selective secretion of fucosylated proteins, such as AFP-L3, into bile duct-like structures in HepG2 hepatoma cells, which have cellular polarity like, in part, normal hepatocytes. α1-6 Fucosyltransferase (FUT8) is a key enzyme to synthesize core fucose and produce AFP-L3. Firstly, we knocked out the FUT8 gene in HepG2 cells and investigated the effects on the secretion of AFP-L3. AFP-L3 accumulated in bile duct-like structures in HepG2 cells, and this phenomenon was diminished by FUT8 knockout, suggesting that HepG2 cells have cargo proteins for AFP-L3. To identify cargo proteins involved in the secretion of fucosylated proteins in HepG2 cells, immunoprecipitation and the proteomic Strep-tag system experiments followed by mass spectrometry analyses were performed. As a result of proteomic analysis, seven kinds of lectin-like molecules were identified, and we selected vesicular integral membrane protein gene VIP36 as a candidate of the cargo protein that interacts with the α1-6 fucosylation (core fucose) on N-glycan according to bibliographical consideration. Expectedly, the knockout of the VIP36 gene in HepG2 cells suppressed the secretion of AFP-L3 and other fucosylated proteins, such as fucosylated alpha-1 antitrypsin, into bile duct-like structures. We propose that VIP36 could be a cargo protein involved in the apical secretion of fucosylated proteins in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Muranaka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanazawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Toubetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuriko Egashira
- Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, 4-3-2 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Fukagawa
- Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, 4-3-2 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Asuka T, Kamada Y, Morishita K, Fukuoka T, Takamatsu S, Kondo J, Watanabe M, Sakai N, Hayakawa K, Miyoshi E. Twin research shows glycan changes are more susceptible to environmental factors than their carrier glycoproteins. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:191-198. [PMID: 36787035 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in protein glycosylation are clinically used as biomarkers. In the present study, we employed a twin cohort to investigate the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to glycan modifications of glycoproteins. Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2 bp), haptoglobin (Hp), and their glycosylated forms are liver fibrosis and cancer biomarkers. Sera from 107 twin pairs without clinical information were used as a training cohort for the Mac-2 bp and Mac-2 bp glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) assay. As a validation cohort, 22 twin pairs were enrolled in the study. For each twin pair, one twin was diagnosed with liver or pancreatic disease. For the training cohort, the correlation ratios of serum Mac-2 bp and M2BPGi levels in twin sera with random sequences were 0.30 and 0.018, respectively. The correlation ratios between twin pairs in the validation cohort for serum Mac-2 bp and M2BPGi levels were 0.75 and 0.35, respectively. In contrast, correlation ratios of serum Hp and fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hp) levels between twin sera with liver and pancreatic disease were 0.49 and 0.16, respectively. Although serum protein levels of glycoproteins are susceptible to genetic factors, characteristic glycan changes of these glycoproteins are more susceptible to environmental factors, including liver and pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Asuka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Morishita
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukuoka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Laboratory of Child Healthcare and Genetic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hayakawa
- Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Twin Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Fucosylated haptoglobin is a novel predictive marker of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis C virus elimination in patients with advanced liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279416. [PMID: 36542633 PMCID: PMC9770342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced fibrosis are at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. We previously reported that serum fucosylated haptoglobin (Fuc-Hp) levels increase as the disease progresses from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and then HCC. However, it remains unclear whether serum Fuc-Hp levels can stratify the risk of HCC occurrence after a sustained virological response (SVR) is achieved with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in patients with advanced liver fibrosis. METHODS Among 3,550 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with DAAs at Osaka University Hospital and related hospitals, the stored sera of 140 patients who were diagnosed with F3 or F4 by liver biopsy before DAA treatment, achieved SVR, and had no history of HCC were available at both baseline and the end of treatment (EOT). We measured the Fuc-Hp levels in these samples. RESULTS The median serum levels of Fuc-Hp at EOT were significantly lower than those at baseline. During the 54.4-month follow-up period, 16 of 140 patients developed HCC. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that high Fuc-Hp at EOT, high body mass index (BMI), and low albumin at EOT were independent risk factors for HCC occurrence. Patients with all three factors-high Fuc-Hp, high BMI, and low albumin-had a higher incidence of HCC than patients without these factors. CONCLUSIONS High serum Fuc-Hp levels at EOT were an independent risk factor for HCC occurrence after SVR. Combined with BMI and albumin, Fuc-Hp can stratify the risk of HCC occurrence among those with advanced fibrosis.
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Cheng H, Wang S, Gao D, Yu K, Chen H, Huang Y, Li M, Zhang J, Guo K. Nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35A2 is involved in promoting hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by regulating cellular glycosylation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:283-297. [PMID: 36454514 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, aberrant glycosylation has been recognized to be relate to malignant behaviors of cancer and outcomes of patients with various cancers. SLC35A2 plays an indispensable role on glycosylation as a nucleotide sugar transporter. However, effects of SLC35A2 on malignant behaviors of cancer cells and alteration of cancer cells surface glycosylation profiles are still not fully understood, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, from a glycosylation perspective, we investigated the effects of SLC35A2 on metastatic behaviors of HCC cells. METHODS SLC35A2 expression in clinical samples and HCC cells was examined by immunohistochemical staining or Western blot/quantitative PCR and was regulated by RNA interference or vectors-mediated transfection. Effects of SLC35A2 expression alteration on metastatic behaviors and membrane glycan profile of HCC cells were observed by using respectively invasion, migration, cell adhesion assay, in vivo lung metastatic nude mouse model and lectins microarray. Co-location among proteins in HCC cells was observed by fluorescence microscope and detected by an in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS SLC35A2 was upregulated in HCC tissues, and is associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. SLC35A2 expression alteration significantly affected the invasion, adhesion, metastasis and membrane glycan profile and led to the dysregulated expressions or glycosylation of cell adhesion-related molecules in HCC cells. Mechanistically, the maintenance of SLC35A2 activity is critical for the recruitment of the key galactosyltransferase B4GalT1, which is responsible for complex glycoconjugate and lactose biosynthesis, to Golgi apparatus in HCC cells. CONCLUSION SLC35A2 plays important roles in promoting HCC metastasis by regulating cellular glycosylation modification and inducing the cell adhesive ability of HCC cells.
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Walber S, Partalidou G, Gerling‐Driessen UIM. NGLY1 Deficiency: A Rare Genetic Disorder Unlocks Therapeutic Potential for Common Diseases. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Walber
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Universitaetsstrasse 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Georgia Partalidou
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Universitaetsstrasse 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Ulla I. M. Gerling‐Driessen
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Universitaetsstrasse 1 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
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Mechref Y, Peng W, Gautam S, Ahmadi P, Lin Y, Zhu J, Zhang J, Liu S, Singal AG, Parikh ND, Lubman DM. Mass spectrometry based biomarkers for early detection of HCC using a glycoproteomic approach. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:23-56. [PMID: 36725111 PMCID: PMC10014290 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and 80%-90% of HCC develops in patients that have underlying cirrhosis. Better methods of surveillance are needed to increase early detection of HCC and the proportion of patients that can be offered curative therapies. Recent work in novel mass spec-based methods for glycomic and glycopeptide analysis for discovery and confirmation of markers for early detection of HCC versus cirrhosis is reviewed in this chapter. Results from recent work in these fields by several groups and the progress made in developing markers of early HCC which can outperform the current serum-based markers are described and discussed. Also, recent developments in isoform analysis of glycans and glycopeptides and in various mass spec fragmentation methods will be described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Parisa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Suyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amit G Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Hayashi S, Nagaoka K, Tanaka Y. Blood-Based Biomarkers in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Including the Viral Genome and Glycosylated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011051. [PMID: 34681709 PMCID: PMC8540379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and is a global public health issue. High performance biomarkers can aid the early detection of HCC development in HBV-infected individuals. In addition, advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of HBV infection and in clinical laboratory techniques have enabled the establishment of disease-specific tests, prediction of the progression of liver diseases, including HCC, and auxiliary diagnosis of HCC, using blood-based methods instead of biopsies of liver or HCC tissues. Viral factors such as the HBV genotype, HBV genetic mutations, HBV DNA, and HBV-related antigens, as well as host factors, such as tumor-associated proteins and post-translational modifications, especially glycosylated proteins, can be blood-based, disease-specific biomarkers for HCC development in HBV-infected patients. In this review, we describe the clinical applications of viral biomarkers, including the HBV genome and glycosylated proteins, for patients at a risk of HBV-related HCC, based on their molecular mechanisms. In addition, we introduce promising biomarker candidates for practical use, including colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), extracellular vesicles, and cell-free, circulating tumor DNA. The clinical use of such surrogate markers may lead to a better understanding of the risk of disease progression and early detection of HCC in HBV-infected patients, thereby improving their prognosis.
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Ouchida T, Takamatsu S, Maeda M, Asuka T, Morita C, Kondo J, Ueda K, Miyoshi E. Challenges in the Application of Glyco-Technology to Hepatitis B Virus Therapy and Diagnosis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091860. [PMID: 34578441 PMCID: PMC8473023 DOI: 10.3390/v13091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major pathogen that causes acute/chronic hepatitis. Continuous HBV infection can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although several different anti-HBV treatments are available for chronic hepatitis B patients, discontinuing these medications is difficult. Patients with chronic hepatitis B at high risk for HCC therefore require close observation. However, no suitable biomarkers for detecting high-risk groups for HCC exist, except for serum HBV-DNA, but a number of HCC biomarkers are used clinically, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II). Glycosylation is an important post-translational protein modification involved in many human pathologic conditions. HBV surface proteins contain various oligosaccharides, and several reports have described their biological functions. Inhibition of HBV glycosylation represents a potential novel anti-HBV therapy. It is thought that glycosylation of hepatocytes/hepatoma cells is also important for HBV infection, as it prevents HBV from infecting cells other than hepatocytes, even if the cells express the HBV receptor. In this review, we summarize considerable research regarding the relationship between HBV and glycosylation as it relates to the development of novel diagnostic tests and therapies for HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (T.O.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (T.O.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Megumi Maeda
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (T.O.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Asuka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (T.O.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Chiharu Morita
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (T.O.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (T.O.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan; (T.O.); (S.T.); (M.M.); (T.A.); (C.M.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-6-6879-2590
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Nouso K, Furubayashi Y, Kariyama K, Wakuta A, Miyake N, Inoue K, Nagai Y, Murakami S, Adachi T, Oyama A, Wada N, Takeuchi Y, Sakata M, Yasunaka T, Onishi H, Shiraha H, Takaki A, Shiota S, Yasuda S, Toyoda H, Kawanaka M, Kumada T, Okada H. Abnormal fucosylation of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:548-553. [PMID: 33596344 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a risk factor for nonvirus-related hepatocellular carcinoma, which is increasing in prevalence. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical application of fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) in the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) disease development. METHODS Serum samples from 115 diabetes mellitus (DM), 36 NAFL, and 119 NASH patients were analyzed for AFP-L3 expression using raw data of a micro total analysis system. These data were then compared with the clinical characteristics of the patients. A validation study was also undertaken with 55 samples (17 NAFL and 38 NASH). RESULTS Trace amounts of AFP-L3 were detected in 3.5%, 16.7%, and 58.0% of patients with DM, NAFL, and NASH, respectively. The odds ratio of AFP-L3 positivity for the diagnosis of NASH in multivariate analysis was 9.81 (95% confidence interval, 3.77-25.5). The rates in patients without fibrosis or with stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4 fibrosis were 14.7%, 31.3%, 63.0%, 86.2%, and 100%, respectively. The rates were significantly increased according to the advancement of liver fibrosis (p < 0.001); however, no difference in the positive rate of AFP-L3 was observed between patients with and without fatty livers and between patients with normal and abnormal transaminase. The same relationship was also observed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION Abnormal fucosylation of AFP occurred in patients with NASH, so it could be useful for the screening of NASH in patients with DM, as well as for the differential diagnosis of NASH and the evaluation of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuya Kariyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akiko Wakuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kanae Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shiho Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nozomu Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuto Takeuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yasunaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideki Onishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Shiraha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shohei Shiota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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11
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Song Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:103-116. [PMID: 34495531 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important constituents of human glycome. They are negatively charged unbranched polysaccharides that are usually covalently attached to proteins, forming glycan-protein conjugates, called proteoglycans. Glycosaminoglycans play critical roles in numerous biological processes throughout individual development and are also involved in the pathological processes of various diseases. Based on their remarkable bioactivities and their universal involvement in disease progression, GAGs are applied as therapeutics or are being targeted or used in treating diseases. In this chapter, we introduce the characteristics of the four classes of GAGs that constitute the glycosaminoglycan family. The pathological roles of glycosaminoglycans in major diseases including innate disease, infectious disease, and cancer are discussed. The application of GAGs and their mimetics as therapeutics is introduced, as well as those therapeutic methods developed based on GAGs' role in pathogenesis. In addition, we provide a brief and overall lookback at the history of GAG research and sort out some critical techniques that facilitated GAG and glycomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Song
- National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, PR China. .,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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12
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O-glycan recognition and function in mice and human cancers. Biochem J 2020; 477:1541-1564. [PMID: 32348475 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation represents a nearly ubiquitous post-translational modification, and altered glycosylation can result in clinically significant pathological consequences. Here we focus on O-glycosylation in tumor cells of mice and humans. O-glycans are those linked to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues via N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), which are oligosaccharides that occur widely in glycoproteins, such as those expressed on the surfaces and in secretions of all cell types. The structure and expression of O-glycans are dependent on the cell type and disease state of the cells. There is a great interest in O-glycosylation of tumor cells, as they typically express many altered types of O-glycans compared with untransformed cells. Such altered expression of glycans, quantitatively and/or qualitatively on different glycoproteins, is used as circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CA19-9 and CA-125. Other tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), such as the Tn antigen and sialyl-Tn antigen (STn), are truncated O-glycans commonly expressed by carcinomas on multiple glycoproteins; they contribute to tumor development and serve as potential biomarkers for tumor presence and stage, both in immunohistochemistry and in serum diagnostics. Here we discuss O-glycosylation in murine and human cells with a focus on colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers, centering on the structure, function and recognition of O-glycans. There are enormous opportunities to exploit our knowledge of O-glycosylation in tumor cells to develop new diagnostics and therapeutics.
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13
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Ito K, Angata K, Kuno A, Okumura A, Sakamoto K, Inoue R, Morita N, Watashi K, Wakita T, Tanaka Y, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M, Yoneda M, Narimatsu H. Screening siRNAs against host glycosylation pathways to develop novel antiviral agents against hepatitis B virus. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:1128-1140. [PMID: 32738016 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hepatitis B virus (HBV) relies on glycosylation for crucial functions, such as entry into host cells, proteolytic processing and protein trafficking. The aim of this study was to identify candidate molecules for the development of novel antiviral agents against HBV using an siRNA screening system targeting the host glycosylation pathway. METHODS HepG2.2.15.7 cells that consistently produce HBV were employed for our in vitro study. We investigated the effects of siRNAs that target 88 different host glycogenes on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA secretion using the siRNA screening system. RESULTS We identified four glycogenes that reduced HBsAg and/or HBV DNA secretion; however, the observed results for two of them may be due to siRNA off-target effects. Knocking down ST8SIA3, a member of the sialyltransferase family, significantly reduced both HBsAg and HBV DNA secretion. Knocking down GALNT7, which transfers N-acetylgalactosamine to initiate O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus, also significantly reduced both HBsAg and HBV DNA levels. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that knocking down the ST8SIA3 and GALNT7 glycogenes inhibited HBsAg and HBV DNA secretion in HepG2.2.15.7 cells, indicating that the host glycosylation pathway is important for the HBV life cycle and could be a potential target for the development of novel anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Angata
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akinori Okumura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Rieko Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naoko Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Glycoscience and Glycotechnology Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Cavada BS, Silva MTL, Osterne VJS, Pinto-Junior VR, Lossio CF, Madeira JC, Pereira MG, Leal RB, Ferreira WP, Nascimento KS, Assreuy AMS. Exploring the carbohydrate-binding ability of Canavalia bonariensis lectin in inflammation models. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2870. [PMID: 32648306 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are a group of proteins of non-immune origin recognized for their ability to bind reversibly to carbohydrates. Researchers have been intrigued by oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates for their involvement as mediators of complex cellular events and then many biotechnological applications of lectins are based on glycocode decoding and their activities. Here, we report a structural and biological study of a ConA-like mannose/glucose-specific lectin from Canavalia bonariensis seeds, CaBo. More specifically, we evaluate the binding of CaBo with α-methyl-D-mannoside (MMA) and mannose-1,3-α-D-mannose (M13) and the resultant in vivo effects on a rat model of acute inflammation. A virtual screening was also carried out to cover a larger number of possible bindings of CaBo. In silico analysis demonstrated the stability of CaBo interaction with mannose-type ligands, and the lectin was able to induce acute inflammation in rats with the participation of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and histamine release. These results confirm the ability of CaBo to interact with hybrid and high-mannose N-glycans, supporting the hypothesis that CaBo's biological activity occurs primarily through its interaction with cell surface glycosylated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benildo S Cavada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mayara T L Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vinicius J S Osterne
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia F Lossio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Madeira
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maria G Pereira
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Leal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Kyria S Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana M S Assreuy
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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