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Maris M, Salles G, Kim WS, Kim TM, Lyons RM, Arellano M, Karmali R, Schiller G, Cull E, Abboud CN, Batlevi C, Kagiampakis I, Rebelatto MC, Lee Y, Kirby LC, Wang F, Bothos J, Townsley DM, Fathi AT, Ribrag V. ASCT2-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate MEDI7247 in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Hematological Malignancies: A First-in-Human, Phase 1 Study. Target Oncol 2024; 19:321-332. [PMID: 38683495 PMCID: PMC11111564 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-024-01054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MEDI7247 is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of an anti-sodium-dependent alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 antibody-conjugated to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer. OBJECTIVE This first-in-human phase 1 trial evaluated MEDI7247 in patients with hematological malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM), or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapsed or refractory (R/R) to standard therapies, or for whom no standard therapy exists, were eligible. Primary endpoints were safety and determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary endpoints included assessments of antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity. RESULTS As of 26 March 2020, 67 patients were treated (AML: n = 27; MM: n = 18; DLBCL: n = 22). The most common MEDI7247-related adverse events (AEs) were thrombocytopenia (41.8%), neutropenia (35.8%), and anemia (28.4%). The most common treatment-related grade 3/4 AEs were thrombocytopenia (38.8%), neutropenia (34.3%), and anemia (22.4%). Anticancer activity (number of responders/total patients evaluated) was observed in 11/67 (16.4%) patients. No correlation was observed between ASCT2 expression and clinical response. Between-patient variability of systemic exposure of MEDI7247 ADC and total antibody were high (AUCinf geometric CV%: 62.3-134.2, and 74.8-126.1, respectively). SG3199 (PBD dimer) plasma concentrations were below the limit of quantification for all patients after Study Day 8. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) prevalence was 7.7%, ADA incidence was 1.9%, and persistent-positive ADA was 5.8%. CONCLUSIONS Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia limited repeat dosing. Although limited clinical activity was detected, the dose-escalation phase was stopped early without establishing an MTD. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03106428).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maris
- Colorado Blood Cancer Institute and Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Won Seog Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Martha Arellano
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary Schiller
- David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cull
- Prisma Health, Cancer Institute-Eastside, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Camille N Abboud
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Connie Batlevi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marlon C Rebelatto
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lyndon C Kirby
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Fujun Wang
- Biostatistics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - John Bothos
- Early Oncology Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Amir T Fathi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- Department of Hematology, Drug Development Department (DITEP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Guo J, Fan J, Zhang Y, Li M, Jin Z, Shang Y, Zhang H, Kong Y. Progesterone inhibits endometrial cancer growth by inhibiting glutamine metabolism through ASCT2. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20232035. [PMID: 38415405 PMCID: PMC10932743 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20232035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy that originates from the endometrium and grows in the female reproductive system. Surgeries, as current treatments for cancer, however, cannot meet the fertility needs of young women patients. Thus, progesterone (P4) therapy is indispensable due to its effective temporary preservation of female fertility. Many cancer cells are often accompanied by changes in metabolic phenotypes, and abnormally dependent on the amino acid glutamine. However, whether P4 exerts an effect on EC via glutamine metabolism is unknown. In the present study, we found that P4 could inhibit glutamine metabolism in EC cells and down-regulate the expression of the glutamine transporter ASCT2. This regulation of ASCT2 affects the uptake of glutamine. Furthermore, the in vivo xenograft studies showed that P4 inhibited tumor growth and the expression of key enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism. Our study demonstrated that the direct regulation of glutamine metabolism by P4 and its anticancer effect was mediated through the inhibition of ASCT2. These results provide a mechanism underlying the effects of P4 therapy on EC from the perspective of glutamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeen Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhong Shang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongshuo Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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3
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Kang BK, Jung YT. A Replication-Competent Retroviral Vector Expressing the HERV-W Envelope Glycoprotein is a Potential Tool for Cancer Gene Therapy. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:280-288. [PMID: 38247210 PMCID: PMC10940750 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The fusogenic membrane glycoprotein (FMG) derived from the human endogenous retrovirus-W (HERV-W) exhibits fusogenic properties, making it a promising candidate for cancer gene therapy. When cells are transfected with HERV-W FMG, they can fuse with neighboring cells expressing the receptor, resulting in the formation of syncytia. These syncytia eventually undergo cell death within a few days. In addition, it has been observed that an HERV-W env mutant, which is truncated after amino acid 483, displays increased fusogenicity compared to the wild-type HERV-W env. In this study, we observed syncytium formation upon transfection of HeLa and TE671 human cancer cells with plasmids containing the HERV-W 483 gene. To explore the potential of a semi-replication-competent retroviral (s-RCR) vector encoding HERV-W 483 for FMG-mediated cancer gene therapy, we developed two replication-defective retroviral vectors: a gag-pol vector encoding HERV-W 483 (MoMLV-HERV-W 483) and an env vector encoding VSV-G (pCLXSN-VSV-G-EGFP). When MoMLV-HERV-W 483 and pCLXSN-VSV-G-EGFP were co-transfected into HEK293T cells to produce the s-RCR vector, gradual syncytium formation was observed. However, the titers of the s-RCR virus remained consistently low. To enhance gene transfer efficiency, we constructed an RCR vector encoding HERV-W 483 (MoMLV-10A1-HERV-W 483), which demonstrated replication ability in HEK293T cells. Infection of A549 and HT1080 human cancer cell lines with this RCR vector induced syncytium formation and subsequent cell death. Consequently, both the s-RCR vector and RCR encoding HERV-W 483 hold promise as valuable tools for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Kwon Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang L, You L, Zhang T. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma chemoresistance: From metabolism reprogramming to novel treatment. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:408-420. [PMID: 37545027 PMCID: PMC10876258 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT As pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly malignant, its patients tend to develop metastasis at an early stage and show a poor response to conventional chemotherapies. First-line chemotherapies for PC, according to current guidelines, include fluoropyrimidine- and gemcitabine-based regimens. Accumulating research on drug resistance has shown that biochemical metabolic aberrations in PC, especially those involving glycolysis and glutamine metabolism, are highly associated with chemoresistance. Additionally, lipid metabolism is a major factor in chemoresistance. However, emerging compounds that target these key metabolic pathways have the potential to overcome chemoresistance. This review summarizes how PC develops chemoresistance through aberrations in biochemical metabolism and discusses novel critical targets and pathways within cancer metabolism for new drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lejunzi Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Clinical Immunology Centre, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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5
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Ren LL, Mao T, Meng P, Zhang L, Wei HY, Tian ZB. Glutamine addiction and therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1852-1863. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide owing to its late diagnosis, early metastasis, and poor prognosis. Because current therapeutic options are limited, there is an urgent need to investigate novel targeted treatment strategies. Pancreatic cancer faces significant metabolic challenges, principally hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, due to specific microenvironmental constraints, including an extensive desmoplastic stromal reaction. Pancreatic cancer cells have been shown to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support rapid survival and proliferation. Increased glucose uptake and glycolytic pathway activity during this process have been extensively described. However, growing evidence suggests that pancreatic cancer cells are glutamine addicted. As a nitrogen source, glutamine directly (or indirectly via glutamate conversion) contributes to many anabolic processes in pancreatic cancer, including amino acids, nucleobases, and hexosamine biosynthesis. It also plays an important role in redox homeostasis, and when converted to α-ketoglutarate, glutamine serves as an energy and anaplerotic carbon source, replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of glutamine metabolic reprogramming in pancreatic cancer, focusing on potential therapeutic approaches targeting glutamine metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pin Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hong-Yun Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Bin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
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Palma AM, Vudatha V, Peixoto ML, Madan E. Tumor heterogeneity: An oncogenic driver of PDAC progression and therapy resistance under stress conditions. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:203-249. [PMID: 37268397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a clinically challenging disease usually diagnosed at advanced or metastasized stage. By this year end, there are an expected increase in 62,210 new cases and 49,830 deaths in the United States, with 90% corresponding to PDAC subtype alone. Despite advances in cancer therapy, one of the major challenges combating PDAC remains tumor heterogeneity between PDAC patients and within the primary and metastatic lesions of the same patient. This review describes the PDAC subtypes based on the genomic, transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic signatures observed among patients and within individual tumors. Recent studies in tumor biology suggest PDAC heterogeneity as a major driver of disease progression under conditions of stress including hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, leading to metabolic reprogramming. We therefore advance our understanding in identifying the underlying mechanisms that interfere with the crosstalk between the extracellular matrix components and tumor cells that define the mechanics of tumor growth and metastasis. The bilateral interaction between the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and PDAC cells serves as another important contributor that characterizes the tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing phenotypes providing an opportunity for an effective treatment regime. Furthermore, we highlight the dynamic reciprocating interplay between the stromal and immune cells that impact immune surveillance or immune evasion response and contribute towards a complex process of tumorigenesis. In summary, the review encapsulates the existing knowledge of the currently applied treatments for PDAC with emphasis on tumor heterogeneity, manifesting at multiple levels, impacting disease progression and therapy resistance under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vignesh Vudatha
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Esha Madan
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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7
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Yang L, Wang L, Wu J, Wang Y. Circ_0000069 contributes to the growth, metastasis and glutamine metabolism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) via regulating miR-125a-5p-dependent SLC1A5 expression. Transpl Immunol 2023; 77:101764. [PMID: 36462557 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as critical mediators in various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present research, the functions of circ_0000069 in RCC were explored. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, western blot assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay were performed for the expression of circ_0000069, microRNA-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p) and solute carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5'-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were performed for cell proliferation. Flow cytometry assay was manipulated for cell apoptosis. Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were utilized for cell invasion and migration. Glutamine metabolism level was evaluated by examining glutamine consumption, α-ketoglutarate production and glutamate production. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the relationships of circ_0000069, miR-125a-5p and SLC1A5. Murine xenograft model assay was conducted to analyze the function of circ_0000069 in vivo. RESULTS Circ_0000069 level was abnormally upregulated in RCC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_0000069 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration and glutamine metabolism and promoted the apoptosis in RCC cells in vitro and restrained tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0000069 served as the sponge for miR-125a-5p. MiR-125a-5p inhibition ameliorated the effects of circ_0000069 knockdown on RCC cell malignant behaviors. SLC1A5 was identified as the target gene of miR-125a-5p. Moreover, miR-125a-5p overexpression repressed the progression of RCC cells, while SLC1A5 elevation abrogated the effect. CONCLUSION Circ_0000069 knockdown inhibited the carcinogenesis of RCC by regulating miR-125a-5p/SLC1A5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China.
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8
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Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2 Inhibition Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185466. [PMID: 36143113 PMCID: PMC9501406 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) has been associated with increased levels of metabolism in various malignant tumors. However, its biological significance in the proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells remains under investigation. We used the cBioPortal database to assess the effect of ASCT2 expression on the oncological outcomes of 108 PCa patients. To evaluate the function of ASCT2 in castration-sensitive PCa (CSPC) and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), LNCaP cells and the ARV7-positive PCa cell line, 22Rv1, were assessed using cell proliferation assays and Western blot analyses. The ASCT2 expression level was associated with biochemical recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy in patients with a Gleason score ≥ 7. In vitro experiments indicated that the growth of LNCaP cells after combination therapy of ASCT2 siRNA and enzalutamide treatment was significantly reduced, compared to that following treatment with enzalutamide alone or ASCT2 siRNA transfection alone (p < 0.01, 0.01, respectively). After ASCT2 inhibition by siRNA transfection, the growth of 22Rv1 cells was significantly suppressed as compared with negative control siRNA via downregulation of ARV7 both in fetal bovine serum and androgen-deprivation conditions (p < 0.01, 0.01, respectively). We demonstrated that ASCT2 inhibition significantly reduced the proliferation rates of both CSPC and CRPC cells in vitro.
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Akuetteh PDP, Huang H, Wu S, Zhou H, Jin G, Hong W, Yang H, Lan L, Shangguan F, Zhang Q. Synthetic oleanane triterpenoid derivative CDDO-Me disrupts cellular bioenergetics to suppress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via targeting SLC1A5. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23192. [PMID: 35929395 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the potential antitumor activity of synthetic triterpenoid, methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), MTT cytotoxicity assay, and xenograft nude mice assay were performed to evaluate tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Seahorse XFe96 bioenergetics analyzer was applied to determine aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions are used to detect protein and messenger RNA transcripts of SLC1A5 and metabolic enzymes. We confirmed the strong antitumor activity of CDDO-Me in suppressing PDAC growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrated CDDO-Me induced mitochondrial respiration and aerobic glycolysis dysfunction. We also verified CDDO-Me downregulated glutamine transporter SLC1A5, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that suppressed tumor growth. Moreover, we confirmed that SLC1A5 depletion reduced the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione. We also found CDDO-Me could inhibit N-linked glycosylation of SLC1A5, which promotes protease-mediated degradation. Finally, we confirmed SLC1A5 was significantly overexpressed in PDAC and closely correlated with the poor prognosis of PDAC patients. Our work uncovers CDDO-Me is effective at suppressing PDAC cell growth in vitro and in vivo and illuminates CDDO-Me caused excessive ROS and cellular bioenergetics disruption which contributed to CDDO-Me inhibited PDAC growth. Our data highlights CDDO-Me could be considered a potential compound for PDAC therapy, and SLC1A5 could be a novel biomarker for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percy D P Akuetteh
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shijia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Welong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongbao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linhua Lan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fugen Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Wu J, Zhang L, Wu S, Liu Z. Ferroptosis: Opportunities and Challenges in Treating Endometrial Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:929832. [PMID: 35847989 PMCID: PMC9284435 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.929832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a new way of cell death, is involved in many cancers. A growing number of studies have focused on the unique role of ferroptosis on endometrial cancer. In this study, we made a comprehensive review of the relevant articles published to get deep insights in the association of ferroptosis with endometrial cancer and to present a summary of the roles of different ferroptosis-associated genes. Accordingly, we made an evaluation of the relationships between the ferroptosis-associated genes and TNM stage, tumor grade, histological type, primary therapy outcome, invasion and recurrence of tumor, and accessing the different prognosis molecular typing based on ferroptosis-associated genes. In addition, we presented an introduction of the common drugs, which targeted ferroptosis in endometrial cancer. In so doing, we clarified the opportunities and challenges of ferroptosis activator application in treating endometrial cancer, with a view to provide a novel approach to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfa Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Suqin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Suqin Wu, ; Zhou Liu,
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Suqin Wu, ; Zhou Liu,
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11
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Wang W, Pan H, Ren F, Chen H, Ren P. Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine metabolism inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20212171. [PMID: 35237783 PMCID: PMC8935385 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some tumor cells have a high rate of glutamine uptake and exhibit glutamine addiction. Alanine-serine cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2) is a major mediator of glutamine supply in many tumor cells, but the underlying effects and mechanisms of ASCT2 in pancreatic cancer (PC) are largely unknown. Our results show that ASCT2 expression is significantly higher in PC than in normal pancreatic duct cells and pancreas. Utilizing the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, a high expression of SLC1A5 mRNA was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with PC. shRNA-mediated inhibition of ASCT2 function in vitro can significantly decrease glutamine consumption, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) production and ATP generation and increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Moreover, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine partially attenuated the increase in the ROS levels and reduced ATP generation. These data suggest that ASCT2 mediates glutamine metabolism and maintains redox homeostasis in PC. To further investigate whether ASCT2 is involved in PC cell growth, we blocked ASCT2 activity with the ASCT2 inhibitor l-γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) and silenced the expression of ASCT2 with specific shRNAs. We found that the growth of PC cells was significantly inhibited. Additionally, knockdown of ASCT2 induced apoptosis through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, the loss of ASCT2 in BxPC-3 cell xenografts significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, and this effect was associated with an increase in cleaved caspase-3 expression and a decrease in Ki67 staining. Taken together, our results show that ASCT2 may be utilized as a putative therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- Wuhan Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Feihua Ren
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Ren
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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PET imaging of pancreatic cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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SLC1A5 co-expression with TALDO1 associates with endocrine therapy failure in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:317-331. [PMID: 34282517 PMCID: PMC8357718 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Identification of effective biomarkers for the benefit of endocrine treatment and understanding the molecular pathways that contribute to the development of resistance are of crucial importance to the management of luminal breast cancer. The amino acid transporter SLC1A5 has emerging importance as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer. This study aims to investigate its role in luminal breast cancer as a potential predictive marker for endocrine treatment. Methods SLC1A5 expression was assessed at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in large, well-characterized cohorts of luminal breast cancer. The sensitivity to endocrine therapy after SLC1A5 knockdown was investigated in vitro, using MCF7 and MDA-MB-175 cell lines. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to study the interacting networks of SLC1A5 and to identify a key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5. Results Here, we showed that patients with tumors that highly expressed SLC1A5 associated with a high risk of relapse after endocrine treatment. In vitro, depletion of SLC1A5 increases the sensitivity of luminal breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. TALDO1 was identified as key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5, and in vitro knockdown of SLC1A5 showed reduction in TALDO1 expression. Indeed, TALDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients who were subject to endocrine therapy. Conclusion These findings suggest that metabolic alterations, particularly the interaction between the key amino acid transporter SLC1A5 and metabolic enzyme TALDO1, could affect the sensitivity of endocrine therapy. This study demonstrated the prognostic value of both SLC1A5 and TALDO1 as biomarkers in luminal breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06298-1.
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Wu Z, Xu J, Liang C, Meng Q, Hua J, Wang W, Zhang B, Liu J, Yu X, Shi S. Emerging roles of the solute carrier family in pancreatic cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e356. [PMID: 33783998 PMCID: PMC7989705 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a gastrointestinal tumor with a high mortality rate, and advances in surgical procedures have only resulted in limited improvements in the prognosis of patients. Solute carriers (SLCs), which rank second among membrane transport proteins in terms of abundance, regulate cellular functions, including tumor biology. An increasing number of studies focusing on the role of SLCs in tumor biology have indicated their relationship with pancreatic cancer. The mechanism of SLC transporters in tumorigenesis has been explored to identify more effective therapies and improve survival outcomes. These transporters are significant biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, the functions of which include mainly proliferative signaling, cell death, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, energy metabolism, chemotherapy sensitivity and other functions in tumor biology. In this review, we summarize the different roles of SLCs and explain their potential applications in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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15
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Lopes C, Pereira C, Medeiros R. ASCT2 and LAT1 Contribution to the Hallmarks of Cancer: From a Molecular Perspective to Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020203. [PMID: 33429909 PMCID: PMC7828050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the amino acid transporters ASCT2 and LAT1 in cancer has been explored throughout the years. In this review, we report their impact on the hallmarks of cancer, as well as their clinical significance. Overall, both proteins have been associated with cell death resistance through dysregulation of caspases and sustainment of proliferative signaling through mTOR activation. Furthermore, ASCT2 appears to play an important role in cellular energetics regulation, whereas LAT1 expression is associated with angiogenesis and invasion and metastasis activation. The molecular impact of these proteins on the hallmarks of cancer translates into various clinical applications and both transporters have been identified as prognostic factors in many types of cancer. Concerning their role as therapeutic targets, efforts have been undertaken to synthesize competitive or irreversible ASCT2 and LAT1 inhibitors. However, JHP203, a selective inhibitor of the latter, is, to the best of our knowledge, the only compound included in a Phase 1 clinical trial. In conclusion, considering the usefulness of ASCT2 and LAT1 in a variety of cancer-related pathways and cancer therapy/diagnosis, the development and testing of novel inhibitors for these transporters that could be evaluated in clinical trials represents a promising approach to cancer prognosis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lopes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Carina Pereira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000; Fax: +351-225-084-001
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer—North (LPCC-NRNorte), Estrada da Circunvalação, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
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Venkateswaran G, Dedhar S. Interplay of Carbonic Anhydrase IX With Amino Acid and Acid/Base Transporters in the Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602668. [PMID: 33240897 PMCID: PMC7680889 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are challenged with a hypoxic and nutrient-deprived microenvironment. Hence, hypoxic tumor cells coordinatively increase the expression of nutrient transporters and pH regulators to adapt and meet their bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands. Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-bound enzyme that plays a vital role in pH regulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Numerous studies have established the importance of CAIX in mediating tumor progression and metastasis. To understand the mechanism of CAIX in mediating tumor progression, we performed an unbiased proteomic screen to identify the potential interactors of CAIX in the TME using the proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) technique. In this review, we focus on the interactors from this BioID screen that are crucial for nutrient and metabolite transport in the TME. We discuss the role of transport metabolon comprising CAIX and bicarbonate transporters in regulating intra- and extracellular pH of the tumor. We also discuss the role of amino acid transporters that are high confidence interactors of CAIX, in optimizing favorable metabolic state for tumor progression, and give our perspective on the coordinative interplay of CAIX with the amino acid transporters in the hypoxic TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Venkateswaran
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Moradi F, Iagaru A. The Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Pancreatic Cancer and Gallbladder Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:434-446. [PMID: 32768007 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
18F-FDG-PET is complementary to conventional imaging in patients with clinical suspicion for exocrine pancreatic malignancies. It has similar if not superior sensitivity and specificity for detection of cancer, and when combined with contrast enhanced anatomic imaging of the abdomen, can improve diagnostic accuracy and aid in staging, assessment for resectability, radiation therapy planning, and prognostication. Various metabolic pathways affect FDG uptake in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The degree of uptake reflects histopathology, aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and metabolic profile of malignant cell and their interaction with cancer stroma. After treatment, FDG-PET is useful for detection of residual or recurrent cancer and can be used to assess and monitor response to therapy in unresectable or metastatic disease. The degree and pattern of uptake combined with other imaging features are useful in characterization of incidental pancreatic lesions and benign processes such as inflammation. Several novel PET radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to improve detection and management of pancreatic cancer. Gallbladder carcinoma is typically FDG avid and when anatomic imaging is equivocal PET can be used to assess metastatic involvement with high specificity and inform subsequent management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Moradi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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18
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Baguet T, Bouton J, Janssens J, Pauwelyn G, Verhoeven J, Descamps B, Van Calenbergh S, Vanhove C, De Vos F. Radiosynthesis, in vitro and preliminary biological evaluation of [ 18 F]2-amino-4-((2-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)benzyl)(2-((3-(fluoromethyl)benzyl)oxy)benzyl)amino)butanoic acid, a novel alanine serine cysteine transporter 2 inhibitor-based positron emission tomography tracer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:442-455. [PMID: 32472945 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic alterations in tumors make it possible to visualize the latter by means of positron emission tomography, enabling diagnosis and providing metabolic information. The alanine serine cysteine transporter-2 (ASCT-2) is the main transporter of glutamine and is upregulated in several tumors. Therefore, a good positron emission tracer targeting this transport protein would have substantial value. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a fluorine-18-labeled version of a V-9302 analogue, one of the most potent inhibitors of ASCT-2. The precursor was labeled with fluorine-18 via a nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding benzylic bromide. The cold reference product was subjected to in vitro assays with [3 H]glutamine in a PC-3 and F98 cell line to determine the affinity for both the human and rat ASCT-2. To evaluate the tracer potential dynamic μPET, images were acquired in a mouse xenograft model for prostate cancer. The tracer could be synthesized with an overall nondecay corrected yield of 3.66 ± 1.90%. in vitro experiments show inhibitor constants Ki of 90 and 125 μM for the PC-3 and F98 cells, respectively. The experiments in the PC-3 xenograft demonstrate a low uptake in the tumor tissue. We have successfully synthesized the radiotracer [18 F]2-amino-4-((2-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)benzyl)(2-((3-(fluoromethyl)benzyl)oxy)benzyl)amino)butanoic acid. in vitro experiments show a good affinity for both the human and rat ASCT-2. However, the tracer suffers from poor in vivo tumor uptake in the PC-3 model. Briefly, we present the first fluorine-18-labeled derivative of compound V-9302, a promising novel ASCT-2 blocker used for inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Baguet
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Pauwelyn
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Benedicte Descamps
- IBiTech-MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Vanhove
- IBiTech-MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Luo Y, Li W, Ling Z, Hu Q, Fan Z, Cheng B, Tao X. ASCT2 overexpression is associated with poor survival of OSCC patients and ASCT2 knockdown inhibited growth of glutamine-addicted OSCC cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3489-3499. [PMID: 32162845 PMCID: PMC7221297 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alanine‐serine‐cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), a major glutamine transporter, is essential for cell growth and tumor development in a variety of cancers. However, the clinicopathological significance and pathological role of ASCT2 in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) lesions remain unclear. Methods Sections from 89 OSCC patients and 10 paracancerous tissue controls were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the expression of ASCT2, glutaminase, and Ki‐67. Survival analysis was carried out to determine the predictive value of ASCT2 expression using the log‐rank test. Moreover, the critical role of ASCT2 in tumor growth was determined by a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8), Western Blotting (WB), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and Glutathione (GSH) detection were applied to explore the molecular mechanism of ASCT2 involvement in tumor development. Results In OSCC lesions, ASCT2 expression was significantly increased and associated with cell proliferation index (Ki‐67) and GLS expression. Moreover, survival analysis showed that OSCC patients with high ASCT2 expression had lower overall survival (P = 0.0365). In OSCC cell lines, the high level of ASCT2 was inherent and related to the glutamine addiction of tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments revealed that targeted silencing of ASCT2 can effectively inhibit OSCC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, targeting ASCT2 knockdown reduced glutamine uptake and intracellular GSH levels, which contribute to the accumulation of ROS and induce apoptosis in OSCC cells. Conclusion ASCT2 is a significant factor for predicting overall survival in patients with OSCC, and targeting ASCT2 to inhibit glutamine metabolism may be a promising strategy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zihang Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qinchao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Amino Acid Transporters and Exchangers from the SLC1A Family: Structure, Mechanism and Roles in Physiology and Cancer. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1268-1286. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lu X. The Role of Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1) in Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:863-876. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190802135714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The solute carrier family 7 (SLC7) can be categorically divided into two
subfamilies, the L-type amino acid transporters (LATs) including SLC7A5-13, and SLC7A15, and
the cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) including SLC7A1-4 and SLC7A14. Members of the
CAT family transport predominantly cationic amino acids by facilitating diffusion with intracellular
substrates. LAT1 (also known as SLC7A5), is defined as a heteromeric amino acid transporter
(HAT) interacting with the glycoprotein CD98 (SLC3A2) through a conserved disulfide to uptake
not only large neutral amino acids, but also several pharmaceutical drugs to cells.
Methods:
In this review, we provide an overview of the interaction of the structure-function of
LAT1 and its essential role in cancer, specifically, its role at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to facilitate
the transport of thyroid hormones, pharmaceuticals (e.g., I-DOPA, gabapentin), and metabolites
into the brain.
Results:
LAT1 expression increases as cancers progress, leading to higher expression levels in highgrade
tumors and metastases. In addition, LAT1 plays a crucial role in cancer-associated
reprogrammed metabolic networks by supplying tumor cells with essential amino acids.
Conclusion:
The increasing understanding of the role of LAT1 in cancer has led to an increase in
interest surrounding its potential as a drug target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Lu
- The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, SW3 6LR, United Kingdom
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22
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CD9 identifies pancreatic cancer stem cells and modulates glutamine metabolism to fuel tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1425-1435. [PMID: 31685994 PMCID: PMC6944508 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows great cellular heterogeneity, with pronounced epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell populations. However, the cellular hierarchy underlying PDAC cell diversity is unknown. Here we identify the tetraspanin CD9 as a marker of PDAC tumour-initiating cells. CD9high cells had increased organoid formation capability, and generated tumour grafts in vivo at limiting dilutions. Tumours initiated from CD9high cells recapitulated the cellular heterogeneity of primary PDAC, whereas CD9low cells only produced duct-like epithelial progeny. CD9 knockdown decreased the growth of PDAC organoids, and heterozygous CD9 deletion in Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KRasG12D; p53F/F mice prolonged overall survival. Mechanistically, CD9 promoted the plasma membrane localisation of the glutamine transporter ASCT2, enhancing glutamine uptake in PDAC cells. Thus, our study identifies a PDAC subpopulation capable of initiating PDAC and giving rise to PDAC heterogeneity, suggesting that the cellular diversity of PDAC is generated by PDAC stem cell differentiation.
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Liu Z, Peng Q, Li Y, Gao Y. Resveratrol enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells via glutamine metabolism inhibition. BMB Rep 2018. [PMID: 30103844 PMCID: PMC6177506 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.9.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of HCC, but many patients will ultimately relapse with cisplatin-resistant disease. Used in combination with cisplatin, resveratrol has synergistic effect of increasing chemosensitivity of cisplatin in various cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of resveratrol enhancing cisplatin-induced toxicity have not been well characterized. Our study showed that resveratrol enhances cisplatin toxicity in human hepatoma cells via an apoptosis-dependent mechanism. Further studies reveal that resveratrol decreases the absorption of glutamine and glutathione content by reducing the expression of glutamine transporter ASCT2. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrate that resveratrol and cisplatin combined treatment leads to a significant increase in ROS production compared to resveratrol or cisplatin treated hepatoma cells alone. Phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) foci assay demonstrate that both resveratrol and cisplatin treatment result in a significant increase of γH2AX foci in hepatoma cells, and the resveratrol and cisplatin combined treatment results in much more γH2AX foci formation than either resveratrol or cisplatin treatment alone. Furthermore, our studies show that over-expression of ASCT2 can attenuate cisplatin-induced ROS production, γH2AX foci formation and apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Collectively, our studies suggest resveratrol may sensitize human hepatoma cells to cisplatin chemotherapy via glutamine metabolism inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to study whether cancer cells possess distinguishing metabolic features compared with surrounding normal cells, such as increased glutamine uptake. Given this, quantitative measures of glutamine uptake may reflect critical processes in oncology. Approximately, 10 % of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) express BRAF V600E , which may be actionable with selective BRAF inhibitors or in combination with inhibitors of complementary signaling axes. Non-invasive and quantitative predictive measures of response to these targeted therapies remain poorly developed in this setting. The primary objective of this study was to explore 4-[18F]fluoroglutamine (4-[18F]F-GLN) positron emission tomography (PET) to predict response to BRAFV600E-targeted therapy in preclinical models of colon cancer. PROCEDURES Tumor microarrays from patients with primary human colon cancers (n = 115) and CRC liver metastases (n = 111) were used to evaluate the prevalence of ASCT2, the primary glutamine transporter in oncology, by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, 4-[18F]F-GLN PET was evaluated in mouse models of human BRAF V600E -expressing and BRAF wild-type CRC. RESULTS Approximately 70 % of primary colon cancers and 53 % of metastases exhibited positive ASCT2 immunoreactivity, suggesting that [18F]4-F-GLN PET could be applicable to a majority of patients with colon cancer. ASCT2 expression was not associated selectively with the expression of mutant BRAF. Decreased 4-[18F]F-GLN predicted pharmacological response to single-agent BRAF and combination BRAF and PI3K/mTOR inhibition in BRAF V600E -mutant Colo-205 tumors. In contrast, a similar decrease was not observed in BRAF wild-type HCT-116 tumors, a setting where BRAFV600E-targeted therapies are ineffective. CONCLUSIONS 4-[18F]F-GLN PET selectively reflected pharmacodynamic response to BRAF inhibition when compared with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose PET, which was decreased non-specifically for all treated cohorts, regardless of downstream pathway inhibition. These findings illustrate the utility of non-invasive PET imaging measures of glutamine uptake to selectively predict response to BRAF-targeted therapy in colon cancer and may suggest further opportunities to inform colon cancer clinical trials using targeted therapies against MAPK activation.
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Svane AM, Soerensen M, Lund J, Tan Q, Jylhävä J, Wang Y, Pedersen NL, Hägg S, Debrabant B, Deary IJ, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Hjelmborg JB. DNA Methylation and All-Cause Mortality in Middle-Aged and Elderly Danish Twins. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E78. [PMID: 29419728 PMCID: PMC5852574 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have linked DNA methylation at individual CpG sites to aging and various diseases. Recent studies have also identified single CpGs whose methylation levels are associated with all-cause mortality. In this study, we perform an epigenome-wide study of the association between CpG methylation and mortality in a population of 435 monozygotic twin pairs from three Danish twin studies. The participants were aged 55-90 at the time of blood sampling and were followed for up to 20 years. We validated our results by comparison with results from a British and a Swedish cohort, as well as results from the literature. We identified 2806 CpG sites associated with mortality (false discovery rate ( FDR ) < 0.05 ), of which 24 had an association p-value below 10 - 7 . This was confirmed by intra-pair comparison controlling for confounding effects. Eight of the 24 top sites could be validated in independent datasets or confirmed by previous studies. For all these eight sites, hypomethylation was associated with poor survival prognosis, and seven showed monozygotic correlations above 35%, indicating a potential moderate to strong heritability, but leaving room for substantial shared or unique environmental effects. We also set up a predictor for mortality using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. The predictor showed good performance on the Danish data under cross-validation, but did not perform very well in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Svane
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Mette Soerensen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Lund
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, lEdinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jacob B Hjelmborg
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
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26
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Sikder MOF, Yang S, Ganapathy V, Bhutia YD. The Na+/Cl−-Coupled, Broad-Specific, Amino Acid Transporter SLC6A14 (ATB0,+): Emerging Roles in Multiple Diseases and Therapeutic Potential for Treatment and Diagnosis. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 20:12. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Roux C, Riganti C, Borgogno SF, Curto R, Curcio C, Catanzaro V, Digilio G, Padovan S, Puccinelli MP, Isabello M, Aime S, Cappello P, Novelli F. Endogenous glutamine decrease is associated with pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95361-95376. [PMID: 29221133 PMCID: PMC5707027 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is becoming the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. The mortality is very high, which emphasizes the need to identify biomarkers for early detection. As glutamine metabolism alteration is a feature of PDAC, its in vivo evaluation may provide a useful tool for biomarker identification. Our aim was to identify a handy method to evaluate blood glutamine consumption in mouse models of PDAC. We quantified the in vitro glutamine uptake by Mass Spectrometry (MS) in tumor cell supernatants and showed that it was higher in PDAC compared to non-PDAC tumor and pancreatic control human cells. The increased glutamine uptake was paralleled by higher activity of most glutamine pathway-related enzymes supporting nucleotide and ATP production. Free glutamine blood levels were evaluated in orthotopic and spontaneous mouse models of PDAC and other pancreatic-related disorders by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and/or MS. Notably we observed a reduction of blood glutamine as much as the tumor progressed from pancreatic intraepithelial lesions to invasive PDAC, but was not related to chronic pancreatitis-associated inflammation or diabetes. In parallel the increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) were observed. By contrast blood glutamine levels were stable in non-tumor bearing mice. These findings demonstrated that glutamine uptake is measurable both in vitro and in vivo. The higher in vitro avidity of PDAC cells corresponded to a lower blood glutamine level as soon as the tumor mass grew. The reduction in circulating glutamine represents a novel tool exploitable to implement other diagnostic or prognostic PDAC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Roux
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sammy Ferri Borgogno
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Curto
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Curcio
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Catanzaro
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Digilio
- Department of Science and Technologic Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sergio Padovan
- Institute for Biostructures and Bioimages (CNR) c/o Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Puccinelli
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Isabello
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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28
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Lu J, Chen M, Tao Z, Gao S, Li Y, Cao Y, Lu C, Zou X. Effects of targeting SLC1A5 on inhibiting gastric cancer growth and tumor development in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017. [DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19479 pmid:291003252017-09-29]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, P.R. China
| | - Sumeng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Chun Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211116, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
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29
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Abstract
AbstractGlutamine commonly becomes a conditionally essential amino acid in cancer. Glutamine is supplied to the cell by transporters such as ASCT2 (SLC1A5), which is frequently upregulated in multiple cancers. Here we investigated the expression of ASCT2 in endometrial carcinoma, and evaluated the contribution of ASCT2 to glutamine uptake and endometrial cancer cell growth. Analysis of human gene expression data showed that ASCT2 was significantly upregulated in both endometrioid and serous subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, compared to normal, age-matched endometrium. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of primary human endometrioid adenocarcinomas showed that tumours stain positive for ASCT2 in either a uniform or mosaic expression pattern, while normal adjacent glands appeared predominantly negative for ASCT2 staining. Chemical inhibition of glutamine transport by benzylserine or GPNA led to a significant decrease in endometrial cancer cell growth and spheroid cross-sectional area. ASCT2 knockdown recapitulated the decrease of cell growth and spheroid cross-sectional area in HEC1A cells, suggesting a reliance on ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake. ASCT2 knockdown in Ishikawa cells led to lower glutamine uptake and cell growth, but did not affect spheroid area. Ishikawa cells express higher levels of the glutamine transporter SNAT1 compared to HEC1A cells, suggesting these cells may rely on both ASCT2 and SNAT1 for glutamine uptake. Since SNAT1 is also significantly upregulated in the endometrioid and serous subtypes, these data indicate that ASCT2 and SNAT1 could be used as markers of malignancy, and/or potential therapeutic targets in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
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30
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ASCT2 regulates glutamine uptake and cell growth in endometrial carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e367. [PMID: 28759021 PMCID: PMC5541720 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine commonly becomes a conditionally essential amino acid in cancer. Glutamine is supplied to the cell by transporters such as ASCT2 (SLC1A5), which is frequently upregulated in multiple cancers. Here we investigated the expression of ASCT2 in endometrial carcinoma, and evaluated the contribution of ASCT2 to glutamine uptake and endometrial cancer cell growth. Analysis of human gene expression data showed that ASCT2 was significantly upregulated in both endometrioid and serous subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, compared to normal, age-matched endometrium. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of primary human endometrioid adenocarcinomas showed that tumours stain positive for ASCT2 in either a uniform or mosaic expression pattern, while normal adjacent glands appeared predominantly negative for ASCT2 staining. Chemical inhibition of glutamine transport by benzylserine or GPNA led to a significant decrease in endometrial cancer cell growth and spheroid cross-sectional area. ASCT2 knockdown recapitulated the decrease of cell growth and spheroid cross-sectional area in HEC1A cells, suggesting a reliance on ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake. ASCT2 knockdown in Ishikawa cells led to lower glutamine uptake and cell growth, but did not affect spheroid area. Ishikawa cells express higher levels of the glutamine transporter SNAT1 compared to HEC1A cells, suggesting these cells may rely on both ASCT2 and SNAT1 for glutamine uptake. Since SNAT1 is also significantly upregulated in the endometrioid and serous subtypes, these data indicate that ASCT2 and SNAT1 could be used as markers of malignancy, and/or potential therapeutic targets in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
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31
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Lu J, Chen M, Tao Z, Gao S, Li Y, Cao Y, Lu C, Zou X. Effects of targeting SLC1A5 on inhibiting gastric cancer growth and tumor development in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76458-76467. [PMID: 29100325 PMCID: PMC5652719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the oncogenic effects of SLC1A5 on gastric cancer development in vitro and in vivo. Methods The expression level of SLC1A5 was detected in 70 gastric cancer paraffin-embedded tissues by immunohistochemistry and also was detected in gastric cancer cell lines by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. The effects of knockdown SLC1A5 were analyzed on cell proliferation, cell cycle, the ability of cell migration and invasion and growth signaling pathway in vitro. By using subcutaneous xenograft mouse, the importance of SLC1A5 expression was assessed for both successful engraftment and growth of gastric cancer cells in vivo. Results SLC1A5 was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and was correlated with malignant features such as deeper local invasion, higher lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stages and higher Ki-67 expression. Knockdown SLC1A5 in gastric cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation, caused G0/G1 arrest and inhibited cell invasion as well as migration partly by inactivated mTOR/p-70S6K1 signaling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicated that suppression of SLC1A5 could inhibit relative volume of xenografted tumor. Conclusions Our results suggested that SLC1A5 might be considered as a new biomarker and also as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, P.R. China
| | - Sumeng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Chun Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211116, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
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32
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Otaka Y, Rokudai S, Kaira K, Fujieda M, Horikoshi I, Iwakawa-Kawabata R, Yoshiyama S, Yokobori T, Ohtaki Y, Shimizu K, Oyama T, Tamura J, Prives C, Nishiyama M. STXBP4 Drives Tumor Growth and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis through PDGF Receptor Signaling in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3442-3452. [PMID: 28087642 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Expression of the ΔN isoform of p63 (ΔNp63) is a diagnostic marker highly specific for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We previously found that Syntaxin Binding Protein 4 (STXBP4) regulates ΔNp63 ubiquitination, suggesting that STXBP4 may also be an SCC biomarker. To address this issue, we investigated the role of STXBP4 expression in SCC biology and the impact of STXBP4 expression on SCC prognosis.Experimental Design: We carried out a clinicopathologic analysis of STXBP4 expression in 87 lung SCC patients. Whole transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq was performed in STXBP4-positive and STXBP4-negative tumors of lung SCC. Soft-agar assay and xenograft assay were performed using overexpressing or knockdown SCC cells.Results: Significantly higher levels of STXBP4 expression were correlated with accumulations of ΔNp63 in clinical lung SCC specimens (Spearman rank correlation ρ = 0.219). Notably, STXBP4-positive tumors correlated with three important clinical parameters: T factor (P < 0.001), disease stage (P = 0.030), and pleural involvement (P = 0.028). Whole transcriptome sequencing followed by pathway analysis indicated that STXBP4 is involved in functional gene networks that regulate cell growth, proliferation, cell death, and survival in cancer. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) was a key downstream mediator of STXBP4 function. In line with this, shRNA mediated STXBP4 and PDGFRA knockdown suppressed tumor growth in soft-agar and xenograft assays.Conclusions: STXBP4 plays a crucial role in driving SCC growth and is an independent prognostic factor for predicting worse outcome in lung SCC. These data suggest that STXBP4 is a relevant therapeutic target for patients with lung SCC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3442-52. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Otaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Susumu Rokudai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Michiru Fujieda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ikuko Horikoshi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Reika Iwakawa-Kawabata
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshiyama
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtaki
- Department of Thoracic Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Jun'ichi Tamura
- Department of General Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.,Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, Japan
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33
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Zhou X, Zheng W, Nagana Gowda GA, Raftery D, Donkin SS, Bequette B, Teegarden D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D inhibits glutamine metabolism in Harvey-ras transformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cell. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 163:147-56. [PMID: 27154413 PMCID: PMC5012911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the US. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), is proposed to inhibit cellular processes and to prevent breast cancer. The current studies investigated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D on glutamine metabolism during cancer progression employing Harvey-ras oncogene transformed MCF10A human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A-ras). Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D significantly reduced intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) by 23±2% each. Further, 1,25(OH)2D treatment reduced glutamine and glutamate flux, determined by [U-(13)C5] glutamine tracer kinetics, into the TCA cycle by 31±0.2% and 17±0.4%, respectively. The relative levels of mRNA and protein abundance of the major glutamine transporter, solute linked carrier family 1 member A5 (SLC1A5), was significantly decreased by 1,25(OH)2D treatment in both MCF10A-ras cells and MCF10A which overexpress ErbB2 (HER-2/neu). Consistent with these results, glutamine uptake was reduced by 1,25(OH)2D treatment and the impact was eliminated with the SLC1A5 inhibitor L-γ-Glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA). A consensus sequence to the vitamin D responsive element (VDRE) was identified in silico in the SLC1A5 gene promoter, and site-directed mutagenesis analyses with reporter gene studies demonstrate a functional negative VDRE in the promoter of the SLC1A5 gene. siRNA-SLC1A5 transfection in MCF10A-ras cells significantly reduced SLC1A5 mRNA expression as well as decreased viable cell number similar to 1,25(OH)2D treatment. SLC1A5 knockdown also induced an increase in apoptotic cells in MCF10A-ras cells. These results suggest 1,25(OH)2D alters glutamine metabolism in MCF10A-ras cells by inhibiting glutamine uptake and utilization, in part through down-regulation of SLC1A5 transcript abundance. Thus, 1,25(OH)2D down-regulation of the glutamine transporter, SLC1A5, may facilitate vitamin D prevention of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Transport System ASC/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amino Acid Transport System ASC/genetics
- Amino Acid Transport System ASC/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Citric Acid Cycle/drug effects
- Citric Acid Cycle/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Glutamine/analogs & derivatives
- Glutamine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glutamine/metabolism
- Glutamine/pharmacology
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/genetics
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
- Vitamin D/pharmacology
- Vitamin D Response Element
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhu Zhou
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
| | - G A Nagana Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
| | - Brian Bequette
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States.
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States.
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34
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Honjo H, Kaira K, Miyazaki T, Yokobori T, Kanai Y, Nagamori S, Oyama T, Asao T, Kuwano H. Clinicopathological significance of LAT1 and ASCT2 in patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:381-9. [PMID: 26936531 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid transporters are highly expressed in various human cancers. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and system alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter-2 (ASCT2) play a crucial role in tumor progression and survival. However, the clinicopathological significance of these transporters in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. METHODS One hundred and fifty-seven patients with surgically resected ESCC were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for LAT1, ASCT2, CD98, Ki-67, and micro-vessel density (MVD), as determined by CD34 expression. RESULTS LAT1 and ASCT2 were positively expressed in 59% (93/157) and 48% (76/157) of tumors respectively. LAT1 and ASCT2 expression significantly correlated with T factor, N factor, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, and CD98 expression. The 5-year survival rates of LAT1-high and -low and ASCT2-high and -low expressing patients were 62.0% and 69.6% (P < 0.05) and 59.6% and 70.1% (P = 0.068), respectively. The combined positive expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 was a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION High expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 correlates with metastasis and invasion. Accordingly, these proteins could serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating patients with surgically resectable ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:381-389. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Honjo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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35
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Schulte ML, Khodadadi AB, Cuthbertson ML, Smith JA, Manning HC. 2-Amino-4-bis(aryloxybenzyl)aminobutanoic acids: A novel scaffold for inhibition of ASCT2-mediated glutamine transport. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:1044-1047. [PMID: 26750251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the discovery of 2-amino-4-bis(aryloxybenzyl)aminobutanoic acids as novel inhibitors of ASCT2(SLC1A5)-mediated glutamine accumulation in mammalian cells. Focused library development led to two novel ASCT2 inhibitors that exhibit significantly improved potency compared with prior art in C6 (rat) and HEK293 (human) cells. The potency of leads reported here represents a 40-fold improvement over our most potent, previously reported inhibitor and represents, to our knowledge, the most potent pharmacological inhibitors of ASCT2-mediated glutamine accumulation in live cells. These and other compounds in this novel series exhibit tractable chemical properties for further development as potential therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Schulte
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Alexandra B Khodadadi
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Madison L Cuthbertson
- Hume-Fogg Academic High School, Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Jarrod A Smith
- Vanderbilt Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
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36
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Liu Y, Yang L, An H, Chang Y, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Xu L, Xu J. High expression of Solute Carrier Family 1, member 5 (SLC1A5) is associated with poor prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16954. [PMID: 26599282 PMCID: PMC4657035 DOI: 10.1038/srep16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute Carrier Family 1, member 5 (SLC1A5), also named as ASCT2, a major glutamine transporter, is highly expressed in various malignancies and plays a critical role in the transformation, growth and survival of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of SLC1A5 in patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). SLC1A5 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to compare survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to assess the impact of prognostic factors on overall survival (OS). A nomogram was then constructed on the basis of the independent prognosticators identified on multivariate analysis. The predictive ability of the models was compared using Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our data indicated that high expression of SLC1A5 was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage, higher Fuhrman grade and shorter OS in ccRCC patients. Multivariate analysis confirmed that SLC1A5 was an independent prognosticator for OS. A nomogram integrating SLC1A5 and other independent prognosticators was constructed, which showed a better prognostic value for OS than TNM staging system. In conclusion, high SLC1A5 expression is an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome in ccRCC patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin An
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Wang Q, Hardie RA, Hoy AJ, van Geldermalsen M, Gao D, Fazli L, Sadowski MC, Balaban S, Schreuder M, Nagarajah R, Wong JJL, Metierre C, Pinello N, Otte NJ, Lehman ML, Gleave M, Nelson CC, Bailey CG, Ritchie W, Rasko JEJ, Holst J. Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake blocks prostate cancer growth and tumour development. J Pathol 2015; 236:278-89. [PMID: 25693838 PMCID: PMC4973854 DOI: 10.1002/path.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is conditionally essential in cancer cells, being utilized as a carbon and nitrogen source for macromolecule production, as well as for anaplerotic reactions fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that the glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is highly expressed in prostate cancer patient samples. Using LNCaP and PC‐3 prostate cancer cell lines, we showed that chemical or shRNA‐mediated inhibition of ASCT2 function in vitro decreases glutamine uptake, cell cycle progression through E2F transcription factors, mTORC1 pathway activation and cell growth. Chemical inhibition also reduces basal oxygen consumption and fatty acid synthesis, showing that downstream metabolic function is reliant on ASCT2‐mediated glutamine uptake. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown of ASCT2 in PC‐3 cell xenografts significantly inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, associated with the down‐regulation of E2F cell cycle pathway proteins. In conclusion, ASCT2‐mediated glutamine uptake is essential for multiple pathways regulating the cell cycle and cell growth, and is therefore a putative therapeutic target in prostate cancer. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rae-Anne Hardie
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle van Geldermalsen
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dadi Gao
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Bioinformatics, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Seher Balaban
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Schreuder
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajini Nagarajah
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J-L Wong
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Metierre
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Pinello
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Otte
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Martin Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - William Ritchie
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Bioinformatics, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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38
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extraordinarily sensitive clinical imaging modality for interrogating tumor metabolism. Radiolabeled PET substrates can be traced at subphysiological concentrations, allowing noninvasive imaging of metabolism and intratumoral heterogeneity in systems ranging from advanced cancer models to patients in the clinic. There are a wide range of novel and more established PET radiotracers, which can be used to investigate various aspects of the tumor, including carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism. In this review, we briefly discuss the more established metabolic tracers and describe recent work on the development of new tracers. Some of the unanswered questions in tumor metabolism are considered alongside new technical developments, such as combined PET/magnetic resonance imaging scanners, which could provide new imaging solutions to some of the outstanding diagnostic challenges facing modern cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
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39
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Wang Q, Hardie RA, Hoy AJ, van Geldermalsen M, Gao D, Fazli L, Sadowski MC, Balaban S, Schreuder M, Nagarajah R, Wong JJL, Metierre C, Pinello N, Otte NJ, Lehman ML, Gleave M, Nelson CC, Bailey CG, Ritchie W, Rasko JEJ, Holst J. Targeting ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake blocks prostate cancer growth and tumour development. J Pathol 2015. [PMID: 25693838 DOI: 10.1002/path.4518.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine is conditionally essential in cancer cells, being utilized as a carbon and nitrogen source for macromolecule production, as well as for anaplerotic reactions fuelling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that the glutamine transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5) is highly expressed in prostate cancer patient samples. Using LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, we showed that chemical or shRNA-mediated inhibition of ASCT2 function in vitro decreases glutamine uptake, cell cycle progression through E2F transcription factors, mTORC1 pathway activation and cell growth. Chemical inhibition also reduces basal oxygen consumption and fatty acid synthesis, showing that downstream metabolic function is reliant on ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown of ASCT2 in PC-3 cell xenografts significantly inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, associated with the down-regulation of E2F cell cycle pathway proteins. In conclusion, ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake is essential for multiple pathways regulating the cell cycle and cell growth, and is therefore a putative therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rae-Anne Hardie
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle van Geldermalsen
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dadi Gao
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Bioinformatics, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin C Sadowski
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Seher Balaban
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Schreuder
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajini Nagarajah
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J-L Wong
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cynthia Metierre
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Pinello
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Otte
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Martin Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - William Ritchie
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Bioinformatics, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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