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Maeda K, Uehara T, Hosoda W, Kuraishi Y, Ota H. Expression profiles of cadherin 17 and claudin 18.2 in comparison with peptide hormonal expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: Implications for targeted immunotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155537. [PMID: 39178509 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cadherin 17 (CDH17) and claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) are highly selective markers of intestinal and gastric lineages and are expressed in adenocarcinomas of various organs. They have also been identified as potential targets for immunotherapy. Expression of CDH17 and CLDN18.2 has been observed in a subset of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs). This study investigates the immunohistochemical expression of CDH17 and CLDN18 in PanNETs in comparison with hormonal expression profiles to provide baseline data for determining candidate indications for targeted therapy with CDH17 and CLDN18.2 in PanNETs, including insulinomas (n = 22), glucagonomas (n = 13), gastrinomas (n = 3), serotoninomas (n = 2) and PanNETs not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 17). In the normal pancreas, CDH17 was expressed in the lateral membrane of ducts and some islet cells, whereas CLDN18 was occasionally expressed in the intercalated ducts and centroacinar cells. In PanNETs, CDH17 and CLDN18 was detected by membranous staining. CDH17 expression was observed in 9 to 17 (58.8 %) PanNETs NOS, 3 of 13 (23.1 %) glucagonomas, 1 of 3 (33.3 %,) gastrinomas, 1 of 2 (50 %) serotoninomas, and none of the insulinomas. According to predefined criteria, 7 of 17 (41.2 %) PanNETs NOS, 1 of 3 (33.3 %) gastrinomas, and 1 of 2 (50 %) serotoninomas were classified as CDH17-positive. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features between CDH17-positive and CDH17-negative PanNETs, except for a higher tumour grade in the former (p<0.05). For CLDN18, expression was noted in 2 out of 3 (66.7 %) gastrinomas, one with focal staining and the other with diffuse staining. One of three (33.3 %) gastrinomas was classified as CLDN18-positive using predefined criteria. These findings suggest that a particular subset of PanNETs, including PanNET NOS, gastrinoma, and serotoninoma, may be potential candidates for CDH17-targeted immunotherapy. Additionally, gastrinoma may be a potential candidate for immunotherapy targeting CLDN18.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahoko Maeda
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Matsumoto, Japan.
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2
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Cubiella T, Celada L, San-Juan-Guardado J, Rodríguez-Aguilar R, Suárez-Priede Á, Poch M, Dominguez F, Fernández-Vega I, Montero-Pavón P, Fraga MF, Nakatani Y, Takata S, Yachida S, Valdés N, Chiara MD. PCDHGC3 hypermethylation as a potential biomarker of intestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas. J Pathol 2024; 263:418-428. [PMID: 38795318 DOI: 10.1002/path.6291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells in various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland, and paraganglia. Despite advancements, accurately predicting the aggressiveness of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NENs based solely on pathological data remains challenging, thereby limiting optimal clinical management. Our previous research unveiled a crucial link between hypermethylation of the protocadherin PCDHGC3 gene and neuroendocrine tumors originating from the paraganglia and adrenal medulla. This epigenetic alteration was associated with increased metastatic potential and succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH) dysfunction. Expanding upon this discovery, the current study explored PCDHGC3 gene methylation within the context of GEP-NENs in a cohort comprising 34 cases. We uncovered promoter hypermethylation of PCDHGC3 in 29% of GEP-NENs, with a significantly higher prevalence in gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) compared with both pancreatic (Pan) NECs and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of GI and Pan origin. Importantly, these findings were validated in one of the largest multi-center GEP-NEN cohorts. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PCDHGC3 hypermethylation was not associated with SDH mutations or protein loss, indicating an SDH-independent epigenetic mechanism. Clinically, PCDHGC3 hypermethylation emerged as a significant prognostic factor, correlating with reduced overall survival rates in both patient cohorts. Significantly, whereas PCDHGC3 hypermethylation exhibited a strong correlation with TP53 somatic mutations, a hallmark of NEC, its predictive value surpassed that of TP53 mutations, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 (95% CI 0.83-1.0) for discriminating GI-NECs from GI-NETs, highlighting its superior predictive performance. In conclusion, our findings position PCDHGC3 methylation status as a promising molecular biomarker for effectively stratifying patients with GI-NENs. This discovery has the potential to advance patient care by enabling more precise risk assessments and tailored treatment strategies. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cubiella
- Health Research Institute of the Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of the Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Celada
- Health Research Institute of the Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of the Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jaime San-Juan-Guardado
- Health Research Institute of the Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of the Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Suárez-Priede
- Health Research Institute of the Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of the Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Poch
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Iván Fernández-Vega
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Montero-Pavón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Health Research Institute of the Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of the Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), El Entrego, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yoichiro Nakatani
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - So Takata
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Nuria Valdés
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain
- CIBERDEM (Network of Biomedical Research in Diabetes), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Chiara
- Health Research Institute of the Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of the Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Jacobsen F, Pushpadevan R, Viehweger F, Freytag M, Schlichter R, Gorbokon N, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Putri D, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Sauter G, Minner S, Steurer S, Simon R, Burandt E, Dum D, Lutz F, Marx AH, Krech T, Clauditz TS. Cadherin-17 (CDH17) expression in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,131 tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155175. [PMID: 38452580 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is a membranous cell adhesion protein predominantly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. CDH17 is therefore considered a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target. This study was to comprehensively determine the expression of CDH17 in cancer and to further assess the diagnostic utility of CDH17 immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray containing 14,948 interpretable samples from 150 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by IHC. In normal tissues, a membranous CDH17 staining was predominantly seen in the epithelium of the intestine and pancreatic excretory ducts. In tumors, 53 of 150 analyzed categories showed CDH17 positivity including 26 categories with at least one strongly positive case. CDH17 positivity was most common in epithelial and neuroendocrine colorectal neoplasms (50.0%-100%), other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (42.7%-61.6%), mucinous ovarian cancer (61.1%), pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (28.6%), cervical adenocarcinoma (52.6%), bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (40.5-69.8%), and other neuroendocrine neoplasms (5.6%-100%). OnIy 9.9% of 182 pulmonary adenocarcinomas were CDH17 positive. In colorectal adenocarcinomas, reduced CDH17 staining was linked to high pT (p = 0.0147), nodal metastasis (p = 0.0041), V1 (p = 0.0025), L1 (p = 0.0054), location in the right colon (p = 0.0033), and microsatellite instability (p < 0.0001). The CDH17 expression level was unrelated to tumor phenotype in gastric and pancreatic cancer. In summary, our comprehensive overview on CDH17 expression in human tumors identified various tumor entities that might often benefit from anti-CDH17 therapies and suggest utility of CDH17 IHC for the distinction of metastatic gastrointestinal or bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (often positive) from primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas (mostly negative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramesh Pushpadevan
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Morton Freytag
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Devita Putri
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Tatar M, Uslu S, Öner J. Expression of placental growth factor and a disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type motifs 1-4-8 during the three trimesters of rat pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:805-814. [PMID: 37424113 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The functional roles of the a disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type motifs (ADAMTS) gene family in reproductive physiology, reproductive organs developments and adult reproductive health are still under investigation. The expression of the anti-angiogenic proteases ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-8 in placental angiogenesis at various stages of pregnancy also remains unclear. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the localization and expression of the ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-8 proteins during the three stages of pregnancy in rats. Maternal-fetal tissue samples were collected on Days 5, 12 and 19 of each trimester, corresponding to the first, second and third trimesters. The expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-8 at the maternal-fetal interface was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blot at three distinct phases of pregnancy. ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-8 were detected in all three trimesters of pregnancy. The relative amount of PIGF increased in the first trimester and decreased significantly in the third trimester (p < 0.05). The expression of ADAMTS-1 and ADAMTS-4 was significantly higher in the second (p < 0.05) and third trimesters (p < 0.01) compared to the first trimester. However, no statistically significant change was observed in ADAMTS-8 expression between trimesters. The ADAMTS exhibiting the highest expression during the first trimester was ADAMTS8. These findings indicate that the expression of ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-8 in the three different stages of rat pregnancy may be involved in the modulation of decidualization, morphogenesis and angiogenesis. Periodic changes in ADAMTS expression are thought to be regulated by gonadal steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Tatar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Sema Uslu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Jale Öner
- Department of Basic Sciences of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Ma J, Xu X, Fu C, Xia P, Tian M, Zheng L, Chen K, Liu X, Li Y, Yu L, Zhu Q, Yu Y, Fan R, Jiang H, Li Z, Yang C, Xu C, Long Y, Wang J, Li Z. CDH17 nanobodies facilitate rapid imaging of gastric cancer and efficient delivery of immunotoxin. Biomater Res 2022; 26:64. [PMID: 36435809 PMCID: PMC9701387 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is highly desirable to develop new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer given the low survival rate despite improvement in the past decades. Cadherin 17 (CDH17) is a membrane protein highly expressed in cancers of digestive system. Nanobody represents a novel antibody format for cancer targeted imaging and drug delivery. Nanobody targeting CHD17 as an imaging probe and a delivery vehicle of toxin remains to be explored for its theragnostic potential in gastric cancer. METHODS Naïve nanobody phage library was screened against CDH17 Domain 1-3 and identified nanobodies were extensively characterized with various assays. Nanobodies labeled with imaging probe were tested in vitro and in vivo for gastric cancer detection. A CDH17 Nanobody fused with toxin PE38 was evaluated for gastric cancer inhibition in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Two nanobodies (A1 and E8) against human CDH17 with high affinity and high specificity were successfully obtained. These nanobodies could specifically bind to CDH17 protein and CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells. E8 nanobody as a lead was extensively determined for tumor imaging and drug delivery. It could efficiently co-localize with CDH17-positive gastric cancer cells in zebrafish embryos and rapidly visualize the tumor mass in mice within 3 h when conjugated with imaging dyes. E8 nanobody fused with toxin PE38 showed excellent anti-tumor effect and remarkably improved the mice survival in cell-derived (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The immunotoxin also enhanced the anti-tumor effect of clinical drug 5-Fluorouracil. CONCLUSIONS The study presents a novel imaging and drug delivery strategy by targeting CDH17. CDH17 nanobody-based immunotoxin is potentially a promising therapeutic modality for clinical translation against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Ma
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Liuhai Zheng
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yilei Li
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qinchang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Deapartment of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, 14157, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhifen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Xing Yun Street, Pingcheng District, Datong, 037009, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, P. R. China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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Fanciulli G, Modica R, La Salvia A, Campolo F, Florio T, Mikovic N, Plebani A, Di Vito V, Colao A, Faggiano A. Immunotherapy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Any Role for the Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163991. [PMID: 36010987 PMCID: PMC9406675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors arising in different organs whose clinical course is variable according to histological differentiation and metastatic spread. Therapeutic options have recently expanded, but there is a need for new effective therapies, especially in less differentiated forms. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have shown efficacy in several cancers, mainly hematological, but data on NENs are scattered. We aimed to analyze the available preclinical and clinical data about CAR-T in NENs, to highlight their potential role in clinical practice. A significant therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells in NENs emerges from preclinical studies. Results from clinical trials are expected in order to define their effective role in these cancers. Abstract Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable clinical presentation and prognosis. Surgery, when feasible, is the most effective and often curative treatment. However, NENs are frequently locally advanced or already metastatic at diagnosis. Consequently, additional local or systemic therapeutic approaches are required. Immunotherapy, based on chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T), is showing impressive results in several cancer treatments. The aim of this narrative review is to analyze the available data about the use of CAR-T in NENs, including studies in both preclinical and clinical settings. We performed an extensive search for relevant data sources, comprising full-published articles, abstracts from international meetings, and worldwide registered clinical trials. Preclinical studies performed on both cell lines and animal models indicate a significant therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells in NENs. Ongoing and future clinical trials will clarify the possible role of these drugs in patients with highly aggressive NENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Fanciulli
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari—Endocrine Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Modica
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna La Salvia
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalisation and Healthcare Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nevena Mikovic
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Plebani
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Vito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair, Education for Health and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
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7
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Feng Z, He X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Xing B, Knowles A, Shan Q, Miller S, Hojnacki T, Ma J, Katona BW, Gade TPF, Siegel DL, Schrader J, Metz DC, June CH, Hua X. Potent suppression of neuroendocrine tumors and gastrointestinal cancers by CDH17CAR T cells without toxicity to normal tissues. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:581-594. [PMID: 35314826 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often refractory to therapy after metastasis. Adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, though remarkably efficacious for treating leukemia, is yet to be developed for solid tumors such as GICs and NETs. Here we isolated a llama-derived nanobody, VHH1, and found that it bound cell surface adhesion protein CDH17 upregulated in GICs and NETs. VHH1-CAR T cells (CDH17CARTs) killed both human and mouse tumor cells in a CDH17-dependent manner. CDH17CARTs eradicated CDH17-expressing NETs and gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers in either tumor xenograft or autochthonous mouse models. Notably, CDH17CARTs do not attack normal intestinal epithelial cells, which also express CDH17, to cause toxicity, likely because CDH17 is localized only at the tight junction between normal intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, CDH17 represents a class of previously unappreciated tumor-associated antigens that is 'masked' in healthy tissues from attack by CAR T cells for developing safer cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bowen Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison Knowles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaonan Shan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Hojnacki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Don L Siegel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David C Metz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Zheng BH, Shen S, Wong KF, Gong ZJ, Sun WT, Ni XJ, Wang JW, Hu MY, Liu H, Ni XL, Liu HB, Luk JM, Suo T. Clinical correlation of cadherin-17 marker with advanced tumor stages and poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:1253-1262. [PMID: 33524213 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In this retrospective study, we examined the CA17 tissue expression and analyzed its clinical significance in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess CA17 expression on tissue microarrays in a training cohort enrolling 120 CCA patients and a validation cohort comprising 60 CCA patients. Image pro plus was applied to score the staining intensity and expression level of CA17 marker. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox's proportional hazards regression, and nomogram were applied to evaluate the prognostic significance of CA17. RESULTS CA17 cancer biomarker over-expression was significantly observed in CCA compared to their non-tumor counterparts, and positively correlated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, like lymph node metastasis. Meanwhile, patients with high expression of CA17 correlated with worse postoperative overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival. Besides, multivariate analysis identified that CA17 expression was an independent prognostic factor for cholangiocarcinoma patients, which indicated that the CA17 could be more efficient than serum CA19-9 in predicting the OS of CCA patients. Notably, the nomogram integrating CA17 expression had better prognostic performance as compared with current TNM staging systems. CONCLUSION CA17 was an independent adverse prognostic factor for CCA patients' survival, which may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zi-Jun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Tao Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Wen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Yu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Bao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John M Luk
- Arbele Limited, Biotech Center, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wang X, Li Z, Fu J, Xu W, Li Z. Diagnostic value and prognostic significance of LI-cadherin and miR-378e in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2456-2464. [PMID: 32782563 PMCID: PMC7400983 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression levels of LI-cadherin and miR-378e in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer, and the diagnostic value and prognostic significance in colorectal cancer were investigated. A total of 110 patients who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer in Weihai Central Hospital, from January 2012 to November 2014, were selected and enrolled in the experimental group, and 90 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were enrolled in the control group. The expression level of miR-378e in serum was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and the expression of LI-cadherin in serum was detected by ELISA. ROC curves of LI-cadherin and miR-378e were drawn and the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis were estimated. The association of the expression levels of LI-cadherin and miR-378e with the survival of the patients was analyzed. LI-cadherin and miR-378e expression levels were significantly higher in the control group than those in the experimental group (P<0.001). LI-cadherin was significantly associated with the pathogenic site, the lymphatic metastasis, depth of infiltration, degree of differentiation and clinical stage (P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of the LI-cadherin combined with miR-378e detection were respectively 86 and 94%; the sensitivity of miR-378e detection was the highest, as well as the specificity of the combined detection. At the end of the follow-up period, the survival rates of the patients in the LI-cadherin high-expression group and miR-378e high-expression group were significantly higher than those in the low-expression groups (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the LI-cadherin and miR-378e expression levels in both the experimental and control group (r=0.5845 and 0.6356, respectively; P<0.05). In conclusion, LI-cadherin and miR-378e are expressed at low levels in colorectal cancer, suggesting that they have a good diagnostic value for colorectal cancer and can be used as biomarkers for colorectal cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Wang
- Department I of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department III of Oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Fu
- Department II of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Department I of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Zongxian Li
- Department III of Oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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10
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An Algorithmic Immunohistochemical Approach to Define Tumor Type and Assign Site of Origin. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:114-163. [PMID: 32205473 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry represents an indispensable complement to an epidemiology and morphology-driven approach to tumor diagnosis and site of origin assignment. This review reflects the state of my current practice, based on 15-years' experience in Pathology and a deep-dive into the literature, always striving to be better equipped to answer the age old questions, "What is it, and where is it from?" The tables and figures in this manuscript are the ones I "pull up on the computer" when I am teaching at the microscope and turn to myself when I am (frequently) stuck. This field is so exciting because I firmly believe that, through the application of next-generation immunohistochemistry, we can provide better answers than ever before. Specific topics covered in this review include (1) broad tumor classification and associated screening markers; (2) the role of cancer epidemiology in determining pretest probability; (3) broad-spectrum epithelial markers; (4) noncanonical expression of broad tumor class screening markers; (5) a morphologic pattern-based approach to poorly to undifferentiated malignant neoplasms; (6) a morphologic and immunohistochemical approach to define 4 main carcinoma types; (7) CK7/CK20 coordinate expression; (8) added value of semiquantitative immunohistochemical stain assessment; algorithmic immunohistochemical approaches to (9) "garden variety" adenocarcinomas presenting in the liver, (10) large polygonal cell adenocarcinomas, (11) the distinction of primary surface ovarian epithelial tumors with mucinous features from metastasis, (12) tumors presenting at alternative anatomic sites, (13) squamous cell carcinoma versus urothelial carcinoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasms, including (14) the distinction of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, site of origin assignment in (15) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and (16) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and (17) the distinction of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor G3 from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma; it concludes with (18) a discussion of diagnostic considerations in the broad-spectrum keratin/CD45/S-100-"triple-negative" neoplasm.
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11
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Beyond N-Cadherin, Relevance of Cadherins 5, 6 and 17 in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133373. [PMID: 31324051 PMCID: PMC6651558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion molecules (cadherins) and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion proteins (integrins) play a critical role in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in the characterization of multiple members of the cadherin superfamily, most of the published work continues to focus in the switch E-/N-cadherin and its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, we will discuss the structural and functional properties of a subset of cadherins (cadherin 17, cadherin 5 and cadherin 6) that have an RGD motif in the extracellular domains. This RGD motif is critical for the interaction with α2β1 integrin and posterior integrin pathway activation in cancer metastatic cells. However, other signaling pathways seem to be affected by RGD cadherin interactions, as will be discussed. The range of solid tumors with overexpression or "de novo" expression of one or more of these three cadherins is very wide (gastrointestinal, gynaecological and melanoma, among others), underscoring the relevance of these cadherins in cancer metastasis. Finally, we will discuss different evidences that support the therapeutic use of these cadherins by blocking their capacity to work as integrin ligands in order to develop new cures for metastatic patients.
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12
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Erdrich J, Schaberg KB, Khodadoust MS, Zhou L, Shelton AA, Visser BC, Ford JM, Alizadeh AA, Quake SR, Kunz PL, Beausang JF. Surgical and molecular characterization of primary and metastatic disease in a neuroendocrine tumor arising in a tailgut cyst. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a003004. [PMID: 30087100 PMCID: PMC6169824 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising from tailgut cysts are a rare but increasingly reported entity with gene expression profiles that may be indicative of the gastrointestinal cell of origin. We present a case report describing the unique pathological and genomic characteristics of a tailgut cyst NET that metastasized to liver. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a well-differentiated NET. Genomic testing indicates a germline frameshift in BRCA1 and a few somatic mutations of unknown significance. Transcriptomic analysis suggests an enteroendocrine L cell in the tailgut as a putative cell of origin. Genomic profiling of a rare NET and metastasis provides insight into its origin, development, and potential therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Erdrich
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kurt B Schaberg
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andrew A Shelton
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brendan C Visser
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James M Ford
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Pamela L Kunz
- Department of Medicine/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - John F Beausang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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13
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Casal JI, Bartolomé RA. RGD cadherins and α2β1 integrin in cancer metastasis: A dangerous liaison. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:321-332. [PMID: 29673969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new cadherin family classification comprising epithelial cadherins (cadherin 17 [CDH17], cadherin 16, VE-cadherin, cadherin 6 and cadherin 20) containing RGD motifs within their sequences. Expression of some RGD cadherins is associated with aggressive forms of cancer during the late stages of metastasis, and CDH17 and VE-cadherin have emerged as critical actors in cancer metastasis. After binding to α2β1 integrin, these cadherins promote integrin β1 activation, and thereby cell adhesion, invasion and proliferation, in liver and lung metastasis. Activation of α2β1 integrin provokes an affinity increase for type IV collagen, a major component of the basement membrane and a critical partner for cell anchoring in liver and other metastatic organs. Activation of α2β1 integrin by RGD motifs breaks an old paradigm of integrin classification and supports an important role of this integrin in cancer metastasis. Recently, synthetic peptides containing the RGD motif of CDH17 elicited highly specific and selective antibodies that block the ability of CDH17 RGD to activate α2β1 integrin. These monoclonal antibodies inhibit metastatic colonization in orthotopic mouse models of liver and lung metastasis for colorectal cancer and melanoma, respectively. Hopefully, blocking the cadherin RGD ligand capacity will give us control over the integrin activity in solid tumors metastasis, paving the way for development of new agents of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Wang HL, Kim CJ, Koo J, Zhou W, Choi EK, Arcega R, Chen ZE, Wang H, Zhang L, Lin F. Practical Immunohistochemistry in Neoplastic Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1155-1180. [PMID: 28854347 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0489-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Immunomarkers with diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic values have been increasingly used to maximize the benefits of clinical management of patients with neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. OBJECTIVES - To review the characteristics of immunomarkers that are commonly used in surgical pathology practice for neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas, and to summarize the clinical usefulness of immunomarkers that have been discovered in recent years in these fields. DATA SOURCES - Data sources include literature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience. CONCLUSIONS - Immunohistochemistry is an indispensable tool for the accurate diagnosis of neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Useful immunomarkers are available to help distinguish malignant neoplasms from benign conditions, determine organ origins, and subclassify neoplasms that are morphologically and biologically heterogeneous. Specific immunomarkers are also available to help guide patient treatment and assess disease aggressiveness, which are keys to the success of personalized medicine. Pathologists will continue to play a critical role in the discovery, validation, and application of new biomarkers, which will ultimately improve patient care.
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