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Malmros K, Lindholm A, Vidarsdottir H, Jirström K, Nodin B, Botling J, Mattsson JSM, Micke P, Planck M, Jönsson M, Staaf J, Brunnström H. Diagnostic gastrointestinal markers in primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastases. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03583-w. [PMID: 37349623 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological diagnosis of pulmonary tumors is essential for treatment decisions. The distinction between primary lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary metastasis from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may be difficult. Therefore, we compared the diagnostic value of several immunohistochemical markers in pulmonary tumors. Tissue microarrays from 629 resected primary lung cancers and 422 resected pulmonary epithelial metastases from various sites (whereof 275 colorectal cancer) were investigated for the immunohistochemical expression of CDH17, GPA33, MUC2, MUC6, SATB2, and SMAD4, for comparison with CDX2, CK20, CK7, and TTF-1. The most sensitive markers for GI origin were GPA33 (positive in 98%, 60%, and 100% of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other GI adenocarcinomas, respectively), CDX2 (99/40/100%), and CDH17 (99/0/100%). In comparison, SATB2 and CK20 showed higher specificity, with expression in 5% and 10% of mucinous primary lung adenocarcinomas and both in 0% of TTF-1-negative non-mucinous primary lung adenocarcinomas (25-50% and 5-16%, respectively, for GPA33/CDX2/CDH17). MUC2 was negative in all primary lung cancers, but positive only in less than half of pulmonary metastases from mucinous adenocarcinomas from other organs. Combining six GI markers did not perfectly separate primary lung cancers from pulmonary metastases including subgroups such as mucinous adenocarcinomas or CK7-positive GI tract metastases. This comprehensive comparison suggests that CDH17, GPA33, and SATB2 may be used as equivalent alternatives to CDX2 and CK20. However, no single or combination of markers can categorically distinguish primary lung cancers from metastatic GI tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Malmros
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindholm
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Region Skåne, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Halla Vidarsdottir
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Region Skåne, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna S M Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Jönsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Region Skåne, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.
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Asaka S, Nakajima T, Ida K, Asaka R, Kobayashi C, Ito M, Miyamoto T, Uehara T, Ota H. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of immunophenotypic characterization of endocervical adenocarcinoma using CLDN18, CDH17, and PAX8 in association with HPV status. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:269-280. [PMID: 34581850 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, the WHO published a new system for classifying invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma based on histological features and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, immunophenotypes of each histological subtype require further investigation. We immunohistochemically analyzed 66 invasive endocervical adenocarcinomas using three cell-lineage-specific markers: claudin 18 (CLDN18) for gastric, cadherin 17 (CDH17) for intestinal, and PAX8 for Müllerian epithelial cells. We identified five immunophenotypes of endocervical adenocarcinoma: gastric (21%); intestinal (14%); gastrointestinal (11%); Müllerian (35%); and not otherwise specified (NOS) (20%). Adenocarcinomas with gastric immunophenotype, characterized by aging (p = 0.0050), infrequent HPV infection (p < 0.0001), concurrent lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (p = 0.0060), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.0073), advanced clinical stage (p = 0.0001), and the poorest progression-free (p < 0.0001) and overall (p = 0.0023) survivals, were morphologically compatible with gastric-type adenocarcinoma of the WHO 2020 classification. Conversely, most adenocarcinomas with Müllerian (91%) and intestinal (89%) immunophenotypes were HPV associated and morphologically compatible with usual- or intestinal-type adenocarcinomas of the WHO 2020 classification. The morphology of adenocarcinomas with gastrointestinal immunophenotype was intermediate or mixed between those of gastric and intestinal immunophenotypes; 57% were HPV associated. Adenocarcinomas with NOS immunophenotype were mainly HPV associated (85%) and histologically poorly differentiated. Multivariate analysis revealed that gastric (p = 0.008), intestinal + gastrointestinal (p = 0.0103), and NOS (p = 0.009) immunophenotypes were independent predictors of progression-free survival. Immunophenotypes characterized by CLDN18, CDH17, and PAX8 exhibited clinicopathological relevance and may improve the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of conventional histological classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Asaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Koichi Ida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Asaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ito
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Abouelkhair MB, Mabrouk SH, Zaki SSA, Nada OH, Hakim SA. The Diagnostic Value of Cadherin 17 and CDX2 Expression as Immunohistochemical Markers in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:960-969. [PMID: 32929682 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Although the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is straightforward in primary site, yet it may represent a diagnostic problem in metastatic tumor of unknown primary origin. Hence, immunohistochemical analysis in combination with morphologic assessment and correlation with clinical data becomes crucial, because it is important to specify the primary site of metastasis since some specific tumor types may respond well to targeted molecular therapies. Therefore, establishment of reliable diagnostic markers that confirm or rule out colorectal origin is mandatory. AIM To study the expression of cadherin 17 and CDX2 in colorectal carcinoma and to evaluate their diagnostic roles in identifying metastatic colonic from non-colonic adenocarcinomas in cancer of unknown primary site. DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective study included 65 cases of adenocarcinomas: 35 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma (primary or metastatic) and 30 cases of non-colorectal adenocarcinoma. They were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department of Ain Shams University and Ain Shams University Specialized Hospitals during the period from 2010 to 2015. Immunohistochemical study was performed using cadherin 17 and CDX2 antibodies. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of CDX2 and cadherin 17 are 97.1% and 53.3% and 100% and 50% in detecting colonic adenocarcinoma respectively. The PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy of CDX2 versus cadherin 17 were 70.8%, 94.1%, and 76.9% versus 70%, 100%, and 76.9% respectively. CONCLUSION Cadherin 17 is a more sensitive marker than CDX2 in diagnosis of carcinoma of unknown primary site especially when colorectal carcinoma is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam B Abouelkhair
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Shadia H Mabrouk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Sahar S A Zaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Ola H Nada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Sarah A Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya Square, Cairo, 11561, Egypt.
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Casal JI, Bartolomé RA. RGD cadherins and α2β1 integrin in cancer metastasis: A dangerous liaison. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:321-332. [PMID: 29673969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new cadherin family classification comprising epithelial cadherins (cadherin 17 [CDH17], cadherin 16, VE-cadherin, cadherin 6 and cadherin 20) containing RGD motifs within their sequences. Expression of some RGD cadherins is associated with aggressive forms of cancer during the late stages of metastasis, and CDH17 and VE-cadherin have emerged as critical actors in cancer metastasis. After binding to α2β1 integrin, these cadherins promote integrin β1 activation, and thereby cell adhesion, invasion and proliferation, in liver and lung metastasis. Activation of α2β1 integrin provokes an affinity increase for type IV collagen, a major component of the basement membrane and a critical partner for cell anchoring in liver and other metastatic organs. Activation of α2β1 integrin by RGD motifs breaks an old paradigm of integrin classification and supports an important role of this integrin in cancer metastasis. Recently, synthetic peptides containing the RGD motif of CDH17 elicited highly specific and selective antibodies that block the ability of CDH17 RGD to activate α2β1 integrin. These monoclonal antibodies inhibit metastatic colonization in orthotopic mouse models of liver and lung metastasis for colorectal cancer and melanoma, respectively. Hopefully, blocking the cadherin RGD ligand capacity will give us control over the integrin activity in solid tumors metastasis, paving the way for development of new agents of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28039 Madrid, Spain
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Long ZW, Zhou ML, Fu JW, Chu XQ, Wang YN. Association between cadherin-17 expression and pathological characteristics of gastric cancer: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3694-3705. [PMID: 25834338 PMCID: PMC4375595 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i12.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a meta-analysis in order to examine the relationship between cadherin-17 (CDH17) and gastric cancer (GC).
METHODS: Related articles were selected by searching the following English or Chinese electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, the Chinese Journal Full-Text, and the Weipu Journal. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) criteria were used to ensure consistency in reviewing and reporting results. Statistical analyses were conducted with Version 12.0 STATA statistical software.
RESULTS: Ultimately, 11 articles, with a total of 2,120 GC patients, were found to be eligible for study inclusion. In comparisons of GC patients by TNM stage (III-IV vs I-II: OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.15-4.825, P = 0.019), histologic grade (3-4 vs 1-2: OR = 3.48, 95%CI: 1.36-8.92, P = 0.009), invasion grade (T3-4 vs T1-2: OR = 2.86; 95%CI: 1.69-4.83; P = 0.000), and lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative: OR = 2.64; 95%CI: 1.33-5.27; P = 0.006), it was found that CDH17 showed more positive expressions in each of the more severe cases. Country-stratified analyses from all four experimental subgroups showed that high CDH17 expression levels may be related to GC among Chinese and Korean populations (all P < 0.05), with the exception of the invasion grade T3-4 vs T1-2 comparison, where the relation only held among the Chinese population (OR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.69-4.83, P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: Collectively, the data reflects the capacity of CDH17 in tumor proliferation and metastasis among GC patients.
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