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Li K, Wang B, Hu H. Research progress of SWI/SNF complex in breast cancer. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:4. [PMID: 38365747 PMCID: PMC10873968 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, numerous epigenetic mechanisms have been discovered to be associated with cancer. The mammalian SWI/SNF complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex whose mutations are associated with various malignancies including breast cancer. As the SWI/SNF complex has become one of the most commonly mutated complexes in cancer, targeting epigenetic mutations acquired during breast cancer progress is a potential means of improving clinical efficacy in treatment strategies. This article reviews the composition of the SWI/SNF complex, its main roles and research progress in breast cancer, and links these findings to the latest discoveries in cancer epigenomics to discuss the potential mechanisms and therapeutic potential of SWI/SNF in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Haolin Hu
- Breast Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Gonzalez-Salinas F, Herrera-Gamboa J, Rojo R, Trevino V. Heterozygous Knockout of ARID4B Using CRISPR/Cas9 Attenuates Some Aggressive Phenotypes in a Breast Cancer Cell Line. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2184. [PMID: 38137006 PMCID: PMC10743217 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women around the world. Over time, many genes and mutations that are associated with the development of this disease have been identified. However, the specific role of many genes has not yet been fully elucidated. Higher ARID4B expression has been identified as a risk factor for diverse cancer types. Silencing experiments also showed that ARID4B is associated with developing cancer-associated characteristics. However, no transcriptomic studies have shown the overall cellular effect of loss of function in breast cancer in humans. This study addresses the impact of loss-of-function mutations in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated mutations that caused heterozygous truncated proteins, isolating three monoclonal lines carrying insertions and deletions in ARID4B. We observed reduced proliferation and migration in in vitro experiments. In addition, from RNA-seq assays, a differential expression analysis shows known and novel deregulated cancer-associate pathways in mutated cells supporting the impact of ARID4B. For example, we found the AKT-PI3K pathway to be altered at the transcript level but through different genes than those reported for ARID4B. Our transcriptomic results also suggest new insights into the role of ARID4B in aggressiveness by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β pathways and in metabolism through cholesterol and mevalonate pathways. We also performed exome sequencing to show that no off-target effects were apparent. In conclusion, the ARID4B gene is associated with some aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gonzalez-Salinas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
| | - Jessica Herrera-Gamboa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rocio Rojo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | - Victor Trevino
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, oriGen Project, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Baldi S, He Y, Ivanov I, Khamgan H, Safi M, Alradhi M, Shopit A, Al-Danakh A, Al-Nusaif M, Gao Y, Tian H. Aberrantly hypermethylated ARID1B is a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target of colon adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:914354. [PMID: 36313455 PMCID: PMC9614077 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.914354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cell infiltration (ICI) may help guide immunotherapy efforts for colon cancer (COAD). However, whether ARID1B is truly regulated by hypermethylation or linked to immune infiltration remains unknown. The current work focused on the ARID1B gene expression and methylation in COAD, as well as its relation with ICI. Methods and Results: Multiple tools based on TCGA were used to analyze the differences in the expression of the ARID1B gene, DNA methylation, and its association with various clinicopathological features, somatic mutations, copy number variation, and the prognosis of patients with COAD. According to the analysis results, patients with high mRNA, low methylation levels showed better overall survival than patients with low mRNA, high methylation levels. The correlation analysis of immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint gene expression showed that the infiltration rates of the main ICI subtypes, cancer-associated fibroblast, and myeloid cells were significantly enriched and correlated with ARID1B in COAD. An association between ARID1B expression and immune infiltration in COAD was found by correlating ICI indicators with ARID1B expression in the immune cell composition of the COAD microenvironment. Notably, M2 chemokines were related to ARID1B expression, while M1 chemokines were not. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that ARID1B may have a role in the pathogenesis of COAD. The specific underlying mechanisms that could be responsible for ARID1B’s downregulation in COAD will need to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Baldi
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Salem Baldi, ; Yaping Gao, ; Hui Tian,
| | - Yun He
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hassan Khamgan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Safi
- Department of respiratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mohammed Alradhi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Abdullah Shopit
- Academic Integrated Medicine and Collage of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaping Gao
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Salem Baldi, ; Yaping Gao, ; Hui Tian,
| | - Hui Tian
- Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Sequencing, Axbio Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Salem Baldi, ; Yaping Gao, ; Hui Tian,
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Chen H, Tian T, Luo H, Jiang Y. Identification of differentially expressed genes at the single-cell level and prognosis prediction through bulk RNA sequencing data in breast cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:979829. [PMID: 36186437 PMCID: PMC9523223 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.979829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The invention and development of single-cell technologies have contributed a lot to the understanding of tumor heterogeneity. The objective of this research was to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor cells at the single-cell level and explore the clinical application of these genes with bulk RNA-sequencing data in breast cancer.Methods: We collected single-cell, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray data from two public databases. Through single-cell analysis of 23,909 mammary gland cells from seven healthy donors and 33,138 tumor cells from seven breast cancer patients, cell type-specific DEGs between normal and tumor cells were identified. With these genes and the bulk RNA-seq data, we developed a prognostic signature and validated the efficacy in two independent cohorts. We also explored the differences of immune infiltration and tumor mutational burden (TMB) between the different risk groups.Results: A total of 6,175 cell-type-specific DEGs were obtained through the single-cell analysis between normal and tumor cells in breast cancer, of which 1,768 genes intersected with the bulk RNA-seq data. An 18-gene signature was constructed to assess the outcomes in breast cancer patients. The efficacy of the signature was notably prominent in two independent cohorts. The low-risk group showed higher immune infiltration and lower TMB. Among the 18 genes in the signature, 16 were also differentially expressed in the bulk RNA-seq dataset.Conclusion: Cell-type-specific DEGs between normal and tumor cells were identified through single-cell transcriptome data. The signature constructed with these DEGs could stratify patients efficiently. The signature was also closely correlated with immune infiltration and TMB. Nearly all the genes in the signature were also differentially expressed at the bulk RNA-seq level.
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Pan B, Liu B, Pan J, Xin J, Fu C. MicroRNA-367 Inhibits Breast Cancer and Promotes Apoptosis by Targeting AT-Rich Interactive Domain-Containing Protein 1B. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) developed in the glandular epithelial tissue of breast. microRNA (miR)-367 is an important player in cancer progression, but has never been studied in BC. This experiment tries to probe the mechanism of miR-367 in BC treatment with downstream
target gene. Materials and Methods: Human BC cell lines and healthy breast epithelium cells were applied in this study. After the transfection of miR-367 inhibitor or mimic into BC cells, functional assays were conducted to measure cell growth. Afterwards, flow cytometry was employed
in apoptosis verification. Then, target relation between miR-367 and ARID1B was certified. Furthermore, ARID1B level was also measured. Results: miR-367 was underexpressed in human BC cells (p < 0.05). Besides, overexpressed miR-367 inhibited BC cell proliferation and encouraged
apoptosis, while underexpressed miR-367 led to an opposite outcome (p < 0.05). This experiment then implied that miR-367 dramatically suppressed the activity of cell transfected with ARID1B-wild type. miR-367 overexpression quenched ARID1B level in BC cells; while silencing miR-367
upregulated ARID1B expression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our experiment discovered that miR-367 quenched BC cell growth and promoted apoptosis by targeting ARID1B. This investigation may provide novel insights in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binghui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juhua Pan
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xin
- Department of Breast Pathology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenglin Fu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, 318020, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Cheng X, Zhao JX, Dong F, Cao XC. ARID1A Mutation in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:759577. [PMID: 34804958 PMCID: PMC8599951 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.759577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the principal cause of mortality for breast cancer patients. Targeting specific mutations that have been acquired during the evolution process of advanced breast cancer is a potential means of enhancing the clinical efficacy of treatment strategies. In metastatic breast cancer, ARID1A is the most prevalent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex, which regulates DNA repair, recombination, and gene transcription. The low expression of ARID1A is associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with luminal A or HER2-rich breast cancer. In addition, ARID1A plays a prominent role in maintaining luminal characteristics and has an advantage for identifying responses to treatment, including endocrine therapies, HDAC inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors. The therapeutic vulnerabilities initiated by ARID1A alterations encourage us to explore new approaches to cope with ARID1A mutant-related drug resistance or metastasis. In this review, we describe the mutation profiles of ARID1A in metastatic breast cancer and the structure and function of ARID1A and the SWI/SNF complex as well as discuss the potential mechanisms of ARID1A-mediated endocrine resistance and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cheng
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Zhao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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7
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Zhang J, Hou S, You Z, Li G, Xu S, Li X, Zhang X, Lei B, Pang D. Expression and prognostic values of ARID family members in breast cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5621-5637. [PMID: 33592583 PMCID: PMC7950271 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ARID family is a superfamily of 15 members containing a domain that interacts with AT-rich DNA elements. However, the expression and prognostic roles of each ARID in breast cancer are still elusive. We used the TCGA and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases to assess the expression and prognostic values of ARID mRNA levels in breast cancer respectively. In the present study, 6 members were significantly lower in tumor tissues than those in the normal tissues, while 6 members were significantly higher. Further assessment of ARID expression in breast cancer with different molecular subtypes, 3 members were significantly higher in no-luminal molecular subtype than those in the luminal molecular subtype, and 6 members were significantly higher. In regard to prognostic values, high expression of ARID1A, ARID2, ARID3B, ARID4A, ARID5A, ARID5B, JARID1A were associated with favorable outcome, while ARID4B and JARID1B were correlated to a worse outcome. We further analyzed the prognostic value of ARID in different intrinsic subtypes and clinicopathological features of breast cancer. We found many meaningful ARID family biomarkers in breast cancer. The relevant results will expound the role of ARID in breast cancer and may further provide new insight to explore the ARID-targeting reagents for treating breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zilong You
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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Leitner K, Tsibulak I, Wieser V, Knoll K, Reimer D, Marth C, Fiegl H, Zeimet AG. Clinical impact of EZH2 and its antagonist SMARCA4 in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20412. [PMID: 33230143 PMCID: PMC7684284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCA4 and EZH2 are two functional key players of their respective antagonizing chromatin remodeling complexes SWI/SNF and PRC2. EZH2 inhibitory drugs may abrogate pro-oncogenic features of PRC2 and turn the balance to cell differentiation via SWI/SNF activity in cancers. SMARCA4 and EZH2 expression was assessed by RT-PCR in 238 epithelial ovarian cancers (OCs) and put in relation to clinico-pathological parameters and patients' outcome. Optimal thresholds for high and low expression of both variables were calculated by the Youden's index based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. High SMARCA4 mRNA expression was independently associated with favorable progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.03) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.018). As Youden's threshold determination for EZH2 yielded a S-shaped ROC-curve, two cut-off points (29th and 94th percentile) predicting opposite features were defined. Whereas EZH2 mRNA levels beyond the 29th percentile independently predicted poor PFS (P = 0.034), Cox-regression in EZH2 transcripts above the 94th percentile revealed a conversion from unfavorable to favorable PFS and OS (P = 0.009 and P = 0.032, respectively). High SMARCA4 expression associates with improved survival, whereas moderate/high EZH2 expression predicts poor outcome, which converts to favorable survival in ultra-high expressing OCs. This small OC subgroup could be characterized by REV7-abrogated platinum hypersensitivity but concomitant PARP-inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Leitner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irina Tsibulak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Wieser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Knoll
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Reimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidi Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alain G Zeimet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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9
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Jiang YZ, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Hu X, Jiang L, Zuo WJ, Ma D, Ding J, Zhu X, Zou J, Verschraegen C, Stover DG, Kaklamani V, Wang ZH, Shao ZM. Molecular subtyping and genomic profiling expand precision medicine in refractory metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the FUTURE trial. Cell Res 2020; 31:178-186. [PMID: 32719455 PMCID: PMC8027015 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and molecular subtyping may result in improved diagnostic precision and targeted therapies. Our previous study classified TNBCs into four subtypes with putative therapeutic targets. Here, we conducted the FUTURE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03805399), a phase Ib/II subtyping-based and genomic biomarker-guided umbrella trial, to evaluate the efficacy of these targets. Patients with refractory metastatic TNBC were enrolled and stratified by TNBC subtypes and genomic biomarkers, and assigned to one of these seven arms: (A) pyrotinib with capecitabine, (B) androgen receptor inhibitor with CDK4/6 inhibitor, (C) anti PD-1 with nab-paclitaxel, (D) PARP inhibitor included, (E) and (F) anti-VEGFR included, or (G) mTOR inhibitor with nab-paclitaxel. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR). We enrolled 69 refractory metastatic TNBC patients with a median of three previous lines of therapy (range, 1–8). Objective response was achieved in 20 (29.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 18.7%–41.2%) of the 69 intention-to-treat (ITT) patients. Our results showed that immunotherapy (arm C), in particular, achieved the highest ORR (52.6%, 95% CI: 28.9%–75.6%) in the ITT population. Arm E demonstrated favorable ORR (26.1%, 95% CI: 10.2%–48.4% in the ITT population) but with more high grade (≥ 3) adverse events. Somatic mutations of TOP2A and CD8 immunohistochemical score may have the potential to predict immunotherapy response in the immunomodulatory subtype of TNBC. In conclusion, the phase Ib/II FUTURE trial suggested a new concept for TNBC treatment, demonstrating the clinical benefit of subtyping-based targeted therapy for refractory metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jia Zuo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiahan Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222002, China
| | - Claire Verschraegen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel G Stover
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Virginia Kaklamani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78284, USA
| | - Zhong-Hua Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Hu B, Lin JZ, Yang XB, Sang XT. The roles of mutated SWI/SNF complexes in the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulatory effect on the immune system: A review. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12791. [PMID: 32162380 PMCID: PMC7162795 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy with a high global prevalence and a dismal prognosis. Studies are urgently needed to examine the molecular pathogenesis and biological characteristics of HCC. Chromatin remodelling, an integral component of the DNA damage response, protects against DNA damage‐induced genome instability and tumorigenesis by triggering the signalling events that activate the interconnected DNA repair pathways. The SWI/SNF complexes are one of the most extensively investigated adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodelling complexes, and mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits are frequently observed in various human cancers, including HCC. The mutated SWI/SNF complex subunits exert dual functions by accelerating or inhibiting HCC initiation and progression. Furthermore, the abnormal SWI/SNF complexes influence the transcription of interferon‐stimulated genes, as well as the differentiation, activation and recruitment of several immune cell types. In addition, they exhibit synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of diverse tumour types. Therefore, understanding the mutations and deficiencies of the SMI/SNF complexes, together with the associated functional mechanisms, may provide a novel strategy to treat HCC through targeting the related genes or modulating the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Niedermaier B, Sak A, Zernickel E, Xu S, Groneberg M, Stuschke M. Targeting ARID1A-mutant colorectal cancer: depletion of ARID1B increases radiosensitivity and modulates DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18207. [PMID: 31796878 PMCID: PMC6890697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex has been found mutated in a wide range of human cancers, causing alterations in gene expression patterns, proliferation and DNA damage response that have been linked to poor clinical prognosis. Here, we investigated weather knockdown of ARID1B, one of two mutually exclusive subunits within the SWI/SNF complex, can sensitize colorectal cancer cell lines mutated in the other subunit, ARID1A, to ionizing radiation (IR). ARID1A-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines are selectively sensitized to IR after siRNA mediated ARID1B depletion, as measured by clonogenic survival. This is characterized by a decrease in the surviving cell fraction to 87.3% ± 2.1%, 86.0% ± 1.1% and 77.2% ± 1.5% per 1 Gy compared with control siRNA exposed cells in the dose range of 0–6 Gy for the LS180, RKO and SW48 lines, respectively (p < 0.0001, F-test). The magnitude of this dose modifying effect was significantly larger in ARID1A mutated than in non-mutated cell lines (Spearman rank correlation rs = 0.88, p = 0.02). Furthermore, initial formation of RAD51 foci at 4 h after IR, as a measure for homologous recombination repair, was significantly reduced in ARID1A-mutant CRC cell lines but not in the majority of wildtype lines nor in fibroblasts. These findings open up perspectives for targeting ARID1B in combination with radiotherapy to improve outcomes of patients with ARID1A-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Niedermaier
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany.
| | - A Sak
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - E Zernickel
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - M Groneberg
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - M Stuschke
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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12
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Sun Y, Miao N, Sun T. Detect accessible chromatin using ATAC-sequencing, from principle to applications. Hereditas 2019; 156:29. [PMID: 31427911 PMCID: PMC6696680 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chromatin accessibility is crucial for gene expression regulation in specific cells and in multiple biological processes. Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is an effective way to reveal chromatin accessibility at a genome-wide level. Through ATAC-seq, produced reads from a small number of cells reflect accessible regions that correspond to nucleosome positioning and transcription factor binding sites, due to probing hyperactive Tn5 transposase to DNA sequence. Conclusion In this review, we summarize both principle and features of ATAC-seq, highlight its applications in basic and clinical research. ATAC-seq has generated comprehensive chromatin accessible maps, and is becoming a powerful tool to understand dynamic gene expression regulation in stem cells, early embryos and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
| | - Nan Miao
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
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13
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Cui Y, Bai X, Niu M, Qin Y, Zhang X, Pang D. Upregulated expression of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B predicts poor prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3289-3295. [PMID: 30867762 PMCID: PMC6396229 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B (ARID1B) was investigated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The association between ARID1B protein expression and the prognosis of patients with TNBC was investigated. The expression of ARID1B was examined in TNBC (n=142) and adjacent normal breast tissues (n=64) using immunohistochemical staining prior to the patients receiving any treatment. Furthermore, the association between ARID1B protein expression and various clinicopathological features was analyzed, including the survival status of patients with TNBC. Of the 142 TNBC tissues, ARID1B was highly expressed in 89 (62.7%) and poorly expressed in 53 (37.3%). ARID1B expression was associated with lymph node metastasis status, histological grade and p53 expression. ARID1B expression was upregulated significantly in the nuclei of TNBC cells compared with those of normal mammary epithelial cells. This upregulation was associated with a decreased progression-free survival rate (P=0.002) and overall survival rate (P=0.003). The results of the present study indicate that significant association exists between the nuclear expression of ARID1B and adverse prognosis in TNBC. Therefore, ARID1B may be a useful prognostic biomarker in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Bai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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14
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Wang B, Xie H, Ma C, Zhang G, Gan H, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Shi G, Zhang H, Dai B, Shen Y, Ye D. Expression of ARID1B Is Associated With Poor Outcomes and Predicts the Benefit from Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:3490-3497. [PMID: 29151933 PMCID: PMC5687163 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ARID1B, which exists as a mutually exclusive isoform with ARID1A in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has been recently identified as a major mutant gene in a wide variety of cancers. The present study aimed to determine the association between ARID1B expression and outcomes, as well as the benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with bladder cancer. Methods Tissue microarrays of 143 consecutively recruited patients with bladder cancer from our center were created. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of ARID1B and its association with outcomes. Clinicopathological factors were also evaluated. Results ARID1B expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.015), T stage (P=0.027), lymph node status (P=0.030), TNM stage (P=0.040), overall survival (P<0.001), and progression-free survival (P=0.043). Furthermore, high expression of ARID1B was an independent indicator of poor OS (P=0.022). The prognostic model containing ARID1B showed a better predictive accuracy than the bench models. Most importantly, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy observed in patients with low ARID1B expression was superior to that observed in patients with high ARID1B expression. Conclusions Our study suggests that ARID1B can serve as a prognostic biomarker of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Additionally, ARID1B might be a predictive marker for selecting patients for adjuvant chemotherapy in the high-risk subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beihe Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunguang Ma
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Hualei Gan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Ibrutinib downregulates a subset of miRNA leading to upregulation of tumor suppressors and inhibition of cell proliferation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:340-349. [PMID: 27431016 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is the site of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell activation and proliferation. Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression has been shown to have a role in CLL pathogenesis; however, a comparison of miRNA expression between CLL cells in the LN and the peripheral blood (PB) has previously not been reported. On the basis of the analysis of 17 paired LN and PB samples from CLL patients, we identify a panel of miRNAs that are increased in LN CLL cells correlating with an activation phenotype. When evaluated in CLL cells from 38 patients pre and post treatment with ibrutinib, a subset of these miRNAs (miR-22, miR-34a, miR-146b and miR-181b) was significantly decreased in response to ibrutinib. A concomitant increase in putative miRNA target transcripts (ARID1B, ARID2, ATM, CYLD, FOXP1, HDAC1, IBTK, PTEN and SMAD4) was also observed. Functional studies confirmed targets of ibrutinib-responsive miRNAs to include messenger RNA transcripts of multiple tumor suppressors. Knockdown of endogenous miR-34a and miR146b resulted in increased transcription of tumor suppressors and inhibition of cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that ibrutinib downregulates the expression of a subset of miRNAs related to B-cell activation leading to increased expression of miRNA targets including tumor suppressors and a reduction in cell proliferation.
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