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Matalon V, Levin L, Yagudaev M, Ashkenazi M. Factors associated with toothbrushing performance among children: An observational cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 39044552 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective removal of dental plaque is essential factor for prevention of caries, gingival, and periodontal diseases in children and adults. AIM To evaluate factors associated with improving toothbrushing performance (TB-P) among children. DESIGN An observational cohort study analyzed all paediatric patients receiving regular examinations in a single dental clinic between 2009 and 2017 and regularly brushing their teeth with a triple-headed toothbrush (TH-TB). At every periodic follow-up, the TB-P of the child/parent was evaluated using the TB-P Skill Index (TB-PS-I); that is, did the child reach all five teeth segments within each arch and did he/she perform 10 back-and-forth stocks in each segment. When not optimal, they received instructions for improving TB-P and subsequently were asked to re-demonstrate. TB-PS-I was calculated and analyzed for correlation with other explanatory variables. RESULTS A total of 1737 children with 7399 follow-up appointments were analyzed. Older age, female gender, higher number of follow-up appointments, and compliance with twice-daily toothbrushing significantly improved TB-P. The most typical mistakes in their performance were not reaching the canine segments and not performing enough strokes in each segment. Instructions given after imperfect TB-P significantly improved the TB-P. The magnitude of improvement, however, did not correlate with the performers' age, gender, or the number of follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS A significant percentage of children >8 years did not perform optimal toothbrushing even when using TH-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Matalon
- Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Oral Medicine Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liran Levin
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael Yagudaev
- Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Oral Medicine Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Malka Ashkenazi
- Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Oral Medicine Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Glenny AM, Walsh T, Iwasaki M, Kateeb E, Braga MM, Riley P, Melo P. Development of Tooth Brushing Recommendations Through Professional Consensus. Int Dent J 2024; 74:526-535. [PMID: 38052700 PMCID: PMC11123540 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite being a largely preventable disease, untreated caries of permanent teeth is estimated to affect almost 2 billion people worldwide, which is followed by severe periodontal disease. The aim of this work was to provide a professional consensus on tooth brushing methods and associated oral hygiene behaviours and develop evidence-informed recommendations. METHODS An initial scoping search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews of relevance and key questions. This was followed by comprehensive evidence mapping of the literature focussing on systematic reviews and clinical guidelines. Electronic searches of several databases including MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Epistemonikos, and The Cochrane Library were undertaken from 2000 to May 2022, alongside a guideline repository search. Considered Judgement Forms were developed detailing the underpinning evidence, balance between benefits and harms, potential impact on the population, and feasibility of implementation. An online survey comprising 22 draft recommendations was distributed to international members of all FDI committees, including the FDI Council. Participants were asked to indicate to what level they agreed or disagreed with for each recommendation and to provide feedback. The Considered Judgement Forms were provided for reference. RESULTS Three hundred ten records were identified and mapped to different aspects of tooth brushing methods and associated behaviours. Research literature informed 7 Considered Judgement Forms comprising 12 questions with draft recommendations. Twenty-five participants from Asia, Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Australia provided feedback on the recommendations. More than 70% of respondents showed agreement with 21 of the 22 draft recommendations. Final recommendations were drafted with associated strength of recommendation. CONCLUSION Using a robust methodology and an international professional consensus, a set of evidence-informed recommendations was developed. These recommendations provide clinicians with practical guidance to facilitate communications with patients that may help to reinforce individual-level preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Glenny
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Elham Kateeb
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, State of Palestine
| | | | - Philip Riley
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Paulo Melo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Portugal
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De Almeida Mello J, Reynaert L, Frites H, Vandenbulcke P, Vandamme K, Duyck J. Evaluation of the extent of plaque removal and users' experience of alternative toothbrushes: A randomized single-blind crossover study. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38798071 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In residential care, tooth brushing with a manual toothbrush can be challenging because of technical difficulties, time consumption and poor patient cooperation, resulting in a sub-optimal cleaning. The study aimed at comparing the efficiency in plaque removal, brushing time and users' experience between three toothbrushes: a single-headed conventional manual toothbrush, a triple-headed manual toothbrush and a U-shaped electric toothbrush. METHODS This was a single-blind crossover study with three pre-post-test conditions. Participants were 26 dental students divided into fixed pairs to play the role of caregivers and care receivers. Pre/post plaque scores were determined by two independent investigators according to the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (QHI). Questionnaires evaluated participants' experiences. Statistical tests of significances of differences and ANOVA were performed. RESULTS Results showed that plaque removal was more effective for the manual toothbrush and the triple-headed toothbrush compared to the U-shaped electric toothbrush (p < 0.001). Brushing time was the longest for the single manual toothbrush (149 s). The U-shaped electric toothbrush showed significantly better results for aspects related to comfort and salivation. The manual and triple-headed toothbrush showed better results for aspects related to cleanliness and motivation to use. CONCLUSION Notwithstanding its favourable comfort, tooth plaque removal is not enhanced by a U-shaped electric toothbrush. The triple-headed and single-headed toothbrushes reduced plaque more substantially than the U-shaped toothbrush. In addition, the triple-headed manual toothbrush was not only effective in plaque removal, but also had a shorter brushing time and was easy to use, being an adequate alternative for care-dependent patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna De Almeida Mello
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- LUCAS-Centre for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louise Reynaert
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hicham Frites
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Joke Duyck
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Pérez-González F, Sáez-Alcaide LM, Sánchez-Labrador L, Mateos-Moreno MV, Garcillán-Izquierdo MR, Salgado-Peralvo AO. Comparison of the effectiveness of two manual toothbrushes: Conventional design versus double-sided toothbrush design. A pilot study. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:452-457. [PMID: 37753545 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental hygiene is the most effective method in the prevention of oral diseases. However, most patients do not use the recommended teeth brushing techniques and/or time brushing is insufficient. With this objective, modifications in conventional toothbrushes have been developed to deal with these findings. The aim of this study was to compare plaque removal effectiveness of a manual toothbrush with a modified head (MTMH) with a wrap-around design versus a conventional manual toothbrush. METHODS This pilot prospective clinical study was designed according to STROBE guidelines. The patients suspended oral hygiene habits for 24 h (baseline). Subsequently, the teeth were brushed for 60 s. Both toothbrushes followed the same study procedure, separated by 1 month. Plaque-removing effectiveness was measured before and after tooth brushing using the modified O'Leary Plaque Index (PI). RESULTS Seven patients were included in this pilot study. The mean age was 37.66 ± 10.68 years. PI mean differences between baseline and after brushing were 51.99% ± 16.43 for MTMH and 27.93 ± 6.85, for conventional toothbrush (p = 0.0013). After brushing, mean PI values were 18.36% ± 6.95%, and 37.61% ± 10.57% respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of plaque removal by using MTMH is significantly higher than the conventional manual toothbrush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Pérez-González
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis-Miguel Sáez-Alcaide
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez-Labrador
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Victoria Mateos-Moreno
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Van der Weijden GAF, van Loveren C. Mechanical plaque removal in step-1 of care. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 38148481 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a regular oral hygiene routine is essential for taking care of our mouths, ensuring healthy teeth, and achieving fresh breath. Patient education on oral hygiene is an important component of their overall treatment. Firstly, patients should be informed about the direct connection between bacteria in dental plaque and oral diseases. It is important for patients to understand that these conditions can be treated, but the success of treatment greatly depends on their level of oral hygiene. This journey begins by selecting the appropriate toothbrush and mastering the correct brushing technique to effectively remove dental plaque while avoiding any potential damage to the gums. In addition to toothbrushes, there are other devices available for comprehensive dental cleaning, such as floss, interdental sticks, interdental brushes, and oral irrigators. These aids are particularly beneficial for eliminating dental plaque from hard-to-reach areas. Moreover, tongue brushing or tongue scraping can effectively reduce breath odor and tongue coating. Currently, self-care recommendations for dental implants are primarily based on existing knowledge regarding natural teeth cleaning. Evidence-based recommendations are derived from comprehensive systematic evaluation of various oral hygiene aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Fridus Van der Weijden
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), A Joint Venture between the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Amsterdam and the Faculty of Dentistry of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinic for Periodontology Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cor van Loveren
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), A Joint Venture between the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Amsterdam and the Faculty of Dentistry of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Palanisamy S, Cholan P, Ramachandran L, Tadepalli A, Parthasarsthy H, Umesh SG. Navigating Oral Hygiene Challenges in Spastic Cerebral Palsy Patients: A Narrative Review for Management Strategies for Optimal Dental Care. Cureus 2023; 15:e50246. [PMID: 38196433 PMCID: PMC10774706 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of well-being, the essence of maintaining optimal oral health is gaining more recognition. This quantifying quotient is being compromised in cerebral palsy (CP) patients due to multitude variations. Spastic CP predominantly impacts bodily motions, muscle synchronization, command, muscle tone, reflexes, stance, equilibrium, and can additionally influence both delicate and large-scale motor abilities. For individuals with spastic CP, the rigidity extends its influence over both their upper and lower limbs. When this stiffness takes hold in the upper limb, it poses significant challenges in executing everyday activities, causing issues with precise grasping and coordination of muscle movements. Consequently, using a toothbrush effectively becomes a formidable task resulting in widespread caries and periodontal diseases in spastic CP patients. The central focus of this review is to explore the oral health challenges of spastic cerebral palsy patients and mapping out a path towards the most efficient time-tested and innovative dental management approaches for preserving oral health in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Cholan
- Periodontics & Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Anupama Tadepalli
- Periodontics & Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Santo G Umesh
- Periodontics & Oral Implantology, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Kalf-Scholte SM, Valkenburg C, van der Weijden FGA, Slot DE. Powered or manual toothbrushing for people with physical or intellectual disabilities - A systematic review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:515-529. [PMID: 36654213 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of a powered (PTB) and a manual (MTB) toothbrush in the hands of people with physical (PD) or intellectual (ID) disabilities or in the hands of a caregiver on parameters of plaque and gingival inflammation. METHODS MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched from initiation up to February 2022. The inclusion criteria were clinical trials conducted in people with PDs or IDs and comparing the effect of toothbrushing with a PTB to an MTB on plaque removal and gingival health. Data were extracted from the eligible studies and analyzed in four subgroups based firstly on the person performing the toothbrushing, either the participants or a caregiver, not a dental professional, and secondly on the main disability of the participants, either PD or ID. Heterogeneity and risk of bias were assessed, data were extracted from the eligible studies, and a descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS The search yielded 294 unique papers; after selection 16 eligible publications describing 25 comparisons were included: 12 self-brushing and 13 caregiver-brushing comparisons. Considerable clinical and methodological heterogeneity was present; together with limited numerical data, not allowing for a meta-analysis. The descriptive analysis showed, in the majority, no statistically significant difference between PTB and MTB. This applied to self-brushing and caregiver-brushing in both disability groups. CONCLUSION This review demonstrates with a low level of evidence that a PTB compared to an MTB in the hands of people with PD or ID or in the hands of their caregivers results in no clinical difference in effectiveness on parameters of plaque and gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Kalf-Scholte
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Valkenburg
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fridus G A van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Else Slot
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mato EG, López LS, Freitas MD, Pazos MTA, Posse JL, Dios PD, Mundiña BR. Plaque removal efficacy of a new toothbrush with a double-sided head and rotating handle-a pilot randomized control trial in acquired brain injury patients. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4855-4860. [PMID: 37389693 PMCID: PMC10415501 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of a new toothbrush (Balene) for the mechanical removal of dental plaque in patients with acquired brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 25 adults with acquired brain injury. The participants underwent 2 sessions of toothbrushing lasting 1 min, one with a conventional toothbrush and the other with the Balene toothbrush. This new double-headed toothbrush has 6 active sides, which allows for the simultaneous toothbrushing of both alveolar arches, with elastomer bristles angled at 45°, as well a handle that rotates up to 180°. Therefore, the user does not need to remove the toothbrush from the oral cavity during the toothbrushing process. Dental plaque accumulation was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index of Greene and Vermillion. RESULTS The plaque index was significantly reduced both with the Balene toothbrush (p < 0.001) and with the conventional toothbrush (p < 0.001). The dental plaque removal efficacy was similar with the two toothbrushes. There were also no statistically significant differences in the removal of plaque with the Balene toothbrush between the autonomous and assisted toothbrushing modalities (p = 0.345). CONCLUSIONS For patients with acquired brain injury, the Balene toothbrush was as effective as a conventional toothbrush, regardless of whether the toothbrushing modality was autonomous or assisted. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Balene® toothbrush's efficacy in removing dental plaque is similar to that of conventional toothbrushes, both with the autonomous and assisted toothbrushing modality. Given its particular ergonomics, this toothbrush could be indicated for certain select patients with acquired brain injury (i.e., those whose degree of cooperation allows for toothbrushing, with a sufficient mouth opening, with no substantial abnormalities in the intermaxillary relationship, and with no significant edentulous sections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane García Mato
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Lucía Sande López
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Marcio Diniz Freitas
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - María Teresa Abeleira Pazos
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres Posse
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, C/ Entrerríos S/N, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Diz Dios
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
| | - Berta Rivas Mundiña
- Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 A Santiago de Compostela, Coruña Spain
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BASHİRİAN S, BARATİ M, BARATİ M, KHAZAEİ S, JENABİ E, GHOLAMİ L, SHİRAHMADİ S. Assessment of Periodontal Disease status in Pregnant Women and Related Demographic Factors in arak, Iran. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Dental Biofilm Removal and Bacterial Contamination of a New Doubled-Side Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Based Toothbrush: A Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101296. [PMID: 36289954 PMCID: PMC9598934 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple toothbrush designs have been developed to enhance dental biofilm removal and decrease bacterial contamination and retention over time. Therefore, the aim of this clinical study was to compare the efficacy of a prototype of a new double-sided thermoplastic polyurethane-based toothbrush with that of a conventional nylon-bristle toothbrush. A crossover study was conducted in systemically healthy volunteers (n = 24) for two one-week periods plus one washout week. As outcome variables, plaque and gingival indices, total bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and patient-reported outcomes were measured. Clinical and microbiological variables were analysed using a general linear model and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. No statistically significant differences between toothbrushes were detected neither for full-mouth PlI (p > 0.05) nor for GI (p > 0.05). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were detected for bacterial contamination after 40 seconds or 1 week of use, with results expressed either in CFU/mL or in CFU/mm2 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the tested prototype toothbrush was as effective and safe as the control toothbrush, and the participating subjects did not experience any adverse effects from its use and rated its efficiency and effectiveness in cleaning their teeth as satisfactory.
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Mady M, ALOtaibi RA, ALJohani RA, Almutair SH, Msaud JM, AlBarakati JA, ALMakhalas AF, AlSakhin FZ, AlNajem SA, AlAshjai AM, Houmady RA, Barnawi NI. The Effect of Periodontal Disease on Quality of Life: Literature Review. ANNALS OF DENTAL SPECIALTY 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/lyo7bismil] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Al-Omiri MK, Al-Shayyab MH, Alahmari NM, Aldosari LI, Alzoubi IA, Al Nazeh AA, Majdalawi F, Alsafadi L, Lynch E. Impacts of the Triple bristles three-sided sonic powered toothbrush on tooth shade, plaque control and gingival health. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:382-397. [PMID: 34529340 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of the Triple bristles three-sided sonic powered toothbrush in plaque removal and its impact on tooth shade and gingival health, and to compare this with a conventional manual toothbrush. METHODS Fifty two participants (26 males and 26 females; mean age [SD] = 22.48 [1.52], SE = 0.210, 95% CI = 22.06-22.90) were recruited into this controlled within-subject, randomized, two-treatment, 1-month crossover and examiner-blinded observational study between October 2020 and January 2021 in the School of Dentistry, University of Jordan. Within each participant, the upper and lower jaws were randomized to receive a brushing protocol either with the Triple bristles three-sided sonic brush or with a soft manual standard toothbrush with flat trimmed bristles. Tooth shades were recorded for upper and lower anterior and premolar teeth. The Turesky-Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at study baseline, 1 week and 1 month after applying the brushing protocol. RESULTS Both tested brushes were associated with significant reduction in plaque scores and BOP (p < 0.05). The Triple bristles brush was more effective in reduction in plaque and BOP in the lower jaw and among females than the manual brush (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Triple bristles brush was more superior for reduction in plaque and probing on bleeding in the lower jaw and among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud K Al-Omiri
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Prosthodontics, The City of London Dental School, London, UK
| | - Mohammad H Al-Shayyab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nasser M Alahmari
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain I Aldosari
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alzoubi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al Nazeh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Youcharoen K, Thomngam N, Aranya N, Wongphanthuset Y, Rungruangpattana M, Kaewsutha N. Plaque Removal Efficacy of Triple-Headed Toothbrush in 4-6-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:546-552. [PMID: 34760799 PMCID: PMC8533035 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_93_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this randomized crossover designed study was to compare the efficacy of plaque removal between a triple-headed toothbrush and a conventional single-headed toothbrush in 4-6-year-old children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 73 children, aged 4-6 years, were randomly divided into two groups (triple-headed toothbrush and conventional single-headed toothbrush). The children were instructed on how to use the toothbrush by watching a video clip for each toothbrush type and then brushed their teeth for 2 min. The remained plaque was recorded by Greene and Vermillion plaque index (PI). After a 3-week washout period, the toothbrush type was switched, the children brushed their teeth with the alternate toothbrush, and the PI scores were re-recorded. RESULTS Plaque scores in the triple-headed toothbrush group were statistically significantly lower than those in the single-headed group in almost all (10 out or 12) surfaces measured (P < 0.05). Plaque scores were not significantly different on the buccal surfaces of the upper posterior teeth. CONCLUSION The triple-headed toothbrush showed better efficacy in plaque removal and could potentially be a good alternative to the conventional single-headed toothbrush in young children with limited hand skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanchanok Youcharoen
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narawit Thomngam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natchanok Aranya
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yasumin Wongphanthuset
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mintita Rungruangpattana
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathawut Kaewsutha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Marçal FF, Mota de Paulo JP, Barreto LG, de Carvalho Guerra LM, Silva PGDB. Effectiveness of orthodontic toothbrush versus conventional toothbrush on plaque and gingival index reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:87-99. [PMID: 33971076 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In orthodontic patients submitted to oral hygiene instruction, what is the efficacy of orthodontic toothbrush (O-TB) versus conventional toothbrush (C-TB) on plaque and gingival index reduction in randomized and non-randomized controlled clinical trials? METHODS Electronic database search was performed on PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Database research, study selection, data extraction and ROBINS-I and Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 analysis were conducted by two independently examiners in duplicate. Two different meta-analyses were performed for plaque index and gingival index, followed by the analysis of overall quality of the evidence using GRADE. RESULTS A total of 158 studies were identified for screening; six articles were included in qualitative synthesis, and of those, three were subjected to a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Three non-randomized studies presented an overall 'low', 'moderate' and 'high' risk of bias for each one of the articles, and the three randomized clinical trials presented 'low risk' for two articles and 'some concerns' quality for the other one. The overall strength of evidence was ranked 'very low' quality for plaque index and gingival index subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Gingival bleeding is not modified by orthodontic design toothbrush, but there is circumstantial scientific evidence for recommending the use of an O-TB instead a C-TB based on the analysis of plaque index control. Although major plaque removal of the O-TB was validated by meta-analysis, this improvement is not completely clarified which calls for further clinical studies to assess the effects of using an O-TB compared with a C-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Franco Marçal
- Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário Christus, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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15
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Ferreira R, Zink AG, Santos PSDS. Use of alternative communication with pictures for outpatient periodontal treatment in fragile X syndrome patients. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 25:70-74. [PMID: 33642745 PMCID: PMC7904014 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_257_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical management and behavior during periodontal treatment in two patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS) using alternative communication with pictures (ACP). Both patients had a history of previous dental care only possible under general anesthesia. The ACP was used to anticipate the activities to be carried out, promoting ambiance, improving the professional–patient communication, and decreasing the stress of the patient. It was possible to carry out outpatient care without oral sedation and containment/physical restraint in both patients, being surpassed the communicative and behavioral difficulties. These case reports allow us to re-think dental care under general anesthesia or other invasive methods for patients with FXS. Therefore, the ACP is an important mediator tool that can facilitate the insertion and the management of patients with FXS, allowing the dental care outpatient clinic to promote oral health and quality of life for these patients, improving adherence to periodontal treatment and the periodontal maintenance for oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ferreira
- Discipline of Periodontics and Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gledys Zink
- Anhanguera University, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Farag M, McCallion P, Waldron C, McCarron M. The complexity of tooth brushing among older adults with intellectual disabilities: Findings from a nationally representative survey. Disabil Health J 2020; 13:100935. [PMID: 32439304 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) have poor oral-hygiene and oral health. A better understanding of their oral-hygiene behaviours will inform interventions to improve personal and population health. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To identify the oral hygiene behaviours undertaken by and on behalf of older people with IDD. METHODS Cross-sectional survey from the third wave of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA) undertaken 2016-2017. Frequency of oral hygiene, level of support, type of brush used and for a subsample, brushing technique are reported. Bivariate analyses adopted Pearson's Chi Square test of independence. RESULTS The sample (N = 609) had a mean age of 59.7 years (SD = 8.8); 88.4% (n = 536) reported tooth cleaning at least daily. The majority who had teeth to clean reported using standard toothbrushes (75.9%), with a minority using electric (9.6%) or modified toothbrushes (5.9%). Of the 505 who reported cleaning teeth, 285 (48.5%) did not report any assistance, 127 (25.2%) were totally dependent on another person and 133 (26.3%) reported assisted cleaning, of whom 40.0% (n = 52) were Supervised, reminded or encouraged, 27.7% (n = 36) reported Hand-on-Hand and 23.8% (n = 31) reported Brush-after-Brush techniques. An association was detected between assistance and type of toothbrush used (p < 0.001). None was detected between assistance and frequency-of-brushing (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Older adults with IDD present with a complex mix of supports, toothbrushes and techniques. This highlights the complexity of oral-hygiene behaviour for this population and indicates the need for bespoke individual care plans and complexity in interventions to improve population oral-hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhin Mac Giolla Phadraig
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Maria Farag
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Philip McCallion
- Temple University, Temple School of Social Work, 1301 W. Cecil B. Moore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Waldron
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mary McCarron
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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17
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Fischer RG, Lira Junior R, Retamal-Valdes B, Figueiredo LCD, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Feres M. Periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Section V: Treatment of periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e026. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zilson Malheiros
- Latin American Oral Health Association, Brazil; Colgate Palmolive Company, USA
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Latin American Oral Health Association, Brazil; Colgate Palmolive Company, USA
| | - Magda Feres
- Universidade de Guarulhos, Brazil; Latin American Oral Health Association, Brazil
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18
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Otsuka R, Nomura Y, Okada A, Uematsu H, Nakano M, Hikiji K, Hanada N, Momoi Y. Properties of manual toothbrush that influence on plaque removal of interproximal surface in vitro. J Dent Sci 2019; 15:14-21. [PMID: 32256995 PMCID: PMC7109512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Few papers were available on the interproximal cleaning efficiency by manual toothbrushes when used alone. The aim was to investigate the efficiency of commercially available toothbrushes on interproximal cleaning and determine the key properties that would make the differences. Materials and methods Artificial-teeth were coated with manicure type experimental dental plaque covering mainly the interproximal surface and fixed in the jaw model of a dental simulator. A modified scrubbing technique was employed to brush out the plaque conducted by one trained dentist using 26 different toothbrushes from the equal number of separate interproximal conditions. The rate of the plaque removal (%) was calculated by measuring the plaque free areas on the post-brush images. Results The data analysis using mixed effect modelling showed that stiffness, number of tufts and total length have effect on the rate of the plaque removable from the interproximal surfaces. Conclusion This study indicated consideration should be given to toothbrush properties to enhance plaque removal from the interproximal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Otsuka
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nomura
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayako Okada
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Uematsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Division of Dental Hygiene, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Nakano Dental Clinic, Ota, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hikiji
- Tsurumi University Dental Hospital, Division of Dental Hygienists, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Momoi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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19
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Terrana A, Rinchuse D, Zullo T, Marrone M. Comparing the plaque-removal ability of a triple-headed toothbrush versus a conventional manual toothbrush in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances: A single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial. Int Orthod 2019; 17:719-725. [PMID: 31466932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this trial was to compare the plaque removal ability of a triple-headed toothbrush to a conventional manual toothbrush in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly assigned to brush one time with either a conventional manual toothbrush or a triple-headed toothbrush. The main outcome was the post-brushing plaque index as measured by the Silness-Löe plaque index. RESULTS Sixty patients (mean age, 14.2; standard deviation, 1.65) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a manual toothbrush group or a triple-headed toothbrush group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. There were no dropouts. The mean post-brushing plaque index was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.67-1.02; SD, 0.60) for the conventional manual toothbrush group, and 0.31 (95% CI, 0.13-0.49; SD, 0.48) for the triple-headed toothbrush group. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean plaque index of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.28-0.78; P<0.001) between the two groups after brushing. No harms were observed. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate strong evidence that the triple-headed toothbrush leads to a significantly lower plaque index compared to the conventional manual toothbrush post-brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Zullo
- Seton Hill Center for Orthodontics, Biostatistics, Greensburg, PA, USA
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20
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Waldron C, Nunn J, Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Comiskey C, Guerin S, van Harten MT, Donnelly‐Swift E, Clarke MJ. Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 5:CD012628. [PMID: 31149734 PMCID: PMC6543590 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012628.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal (gum) disease and dental caries (tooth decay) are the most common causes of tooth loss; dental plaque plays a major role in the development of these diseases. Effective oral hygiene involves removing dental plaque, for example, by regular toothbrushing. People with intellectual disabilities (ID) can have poor oral hygiene and oral health outcomes. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of oral hygiene interventions, specifically the mechanical removal of plaque, for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). SEARCH METHODS Cochrane Oral Health's Information Specialist searched the following databases to 4 February 2019: Cochrane Oral Health's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Cochrane Register of Studies), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid and PsycINFO Ovid. ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing trials. The Embase search was restricted by date due to the Cochrane Centralised Search Project, which makes available clinical trials indexed in Embase through CENTRAL. We handsearched specialist conference abstracts from the International Association of Disability and Oral Health (2006 to 2016). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and some types of non-randomised studies (NRS) (non-RCTs, controlled before-after studies, interrupted time series studies and repeated measures studies) that evaluated oral hygiene interventions targeted at people with ID or their carers, or both. We used the definition of ID in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10). We defined oral hygiene as the mechanical removal of plaque. We excluded studies that evaluated chemical removal of plaque, or mechanical and chemical removal of plaque combined. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors independently screened search records, identified relevant studies, extracted data, assessed risk of bias and judged the certainty of the evidence according to GRADE criteria. We contacted study authors for additional information if required. We reported RCTs and NRSs separately. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 RCTs and 15 NRSs involving 1795 adults and children with ID and 354 carers. Interventions evaluated were: special manual toothbrushes, electric toothbrushes, oral hygiene training, scheduled dental visits plus supervised toothbrushing, discussion of clinical photographs showing plaque, varied frequency of toothbrushing, plaque-disclosing agents and individualised care plans. We categorised results as short (six weeks or less), medium (between six weeks and 12 months) and long term (more than 12 months).Most studies were small; all were at overall high or unclear risk of bias. None of the studies reported quality of life or dental caries. We present below the evidence available from RCTs (or NRS if the comparison had no RCTs) for gingival health (inflammation and plaque) and adverse effects, as well as knowledge and behaviour outcomes for the training studies.Very low-certainty evidence suggested a special manual toothbrush (the Superbrush) reduced gingival inflammation (GI), and possibly plaque, more than a conventional toothbrush in the medium term (GI: mean difference (MD) -12.40, 95% CI -24.31 to -0.49; plaque: MD -0.44, 95% CI -0.93 to 0.05; 1 RCT, 18 participants); brushing was carried out by the carers. In the short term, neither toothbrush showed superiority (GI: MD -0.10, 95% CI -0.77 to 0.57; plaque: MD 0.20, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.85; 1 RCT, 25 participants; low- to very low-certainty evidence).Moderate- and low-certainty evidence found no difference between electric and manual toothbrushes for reducing GI or plaque, respectively, in the medium term (GI: MD 0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.09; plaque: standardised mean difference 0.29, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.65; 2 RCTs, 120 participants). Short-term findings were inconsistent (4 RCTs; low- to very low-certainty evidence).Low-certainty evidence suggested training carers in oral hygiene care had no detectable effect on levels of GI or plaque in the medium term (GI: MD -0.09, 95% CI -0.63 to 0.45; plaque: MD -0.07, 95% CI -0.26 to 0.13; 2 RCTs, 99 participants). Low-certainty evidence suggested oral hygiene knowledge of carers was better in the medium term after training (MD 0.69, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.06; 2 RCTs, 189 participants); this was not found in the short term, and results for changes in behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy were mixed.One RCT (10 participants) found that training people with ID in oral hygiene care reduced plaque but not GI in the short term (GI: MD -0.28, 95% CI -0.90 to 0.34; plaque: MD -0.47, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.02; very low-certainty evidence).One RCT (304 participants) found that scheduled dental recall visits (at 1-, 3- or 6-month intervals) plus supervised daily toothbrushing were more likely than usual care to reduce GI (pocketing but not bleeding) and plaque in the long term (low-certainty evidence).One RCT (29 participants) found that motivating people with ID about oral hygiene by discussing photographs of their teeth with plaque highlighted by a plaque-disclosing agent, did not reduce plaque in the medium term (very low-certainty evidence).One RCT (80 participants) found daily toothbrushing by dental students was more effective for reducing plaque in people with ID than once- or twice-weekly toothbrushing in the short term (low-certainty evidence).A benefit to gingival health was found by one NRS that evaluated toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent and one that evaluated individualised oral care plans (very low-certainty evidence).Most studies did not report adverse effects; of those that did, only one study considered them as a formal outcome. Some studies reported participant difficulties using the electric or special manual toothbrushes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although some oral hygiene interventions for people with ID show benefits, the clinical importance of these benefits is unclear. The evidence is mainly low or very low certainty. Moderate-certainty evidence was available for only one finding: electric and manual toothbrushes were similarly effective for reducing gingival inflammation in people with ID in the medium term. Larger, higher-quality RCTs are recommended to endorse or refute the findings of this review. In the meantime, oral hygiene care and advice should be based on professional expertise and the needs and preferences of the individual with ID and their carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Waldron
- Trinity College Dublin, University of DublinSchool of Dental ScienceLincoln PlaceDublinIrelandD02 F859
| | - June Nunn
- Trinity College Dublin, University of DublinSchool of Dental ScienceLincoln PlaceDublinIrelandD02 F859
| | | | - Catherine Comiskey
- Trinity College Dublin, University of DublinSchool of Nursing and Midwifery24 D'Olier StDublinIrelandD02 T283
| | - Suzanne Guerin
- University College DublinSchool of PsychologyDublinIrelandDO4 V1W8
| | - Maria Theresa van Harten
- Trinity College Dublin, University of DublinSchool of Dental ScienceLincoln PlaceDublinIrelandD02 F859
| | - Erica Donnelly‐Swift
- Trinity College Dublin, University of DublinSchool of Dental ScienceLincoln PlaceDublinIrelandD02 F859
| | - Mike J Clarke
- Queen's University BelfastCentre for Public HealthInstitute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria HospitalGrosvenor RoadBelfastNorthern IrelandUKBT12 6BJ
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21
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Tasios T, Papageorgiou SN, Papadopoulos MA, Tsapas A, Haidich A. Prevention of orthodontic enamel demineralization: A systematic review with meta‐analyses. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22:225-235. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tasios
- Department of Hygiene, Social‐Preventive Medicine & Medical Statistics, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
- Private practice Hengelo The Netherlands
| | - Spyridon N. Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Moschos A. Papadopoulos
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Apostolos Tsapas
- Second Medical Department, Clinical Research and Evidence‐Based Medicine Unit Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Anna‐Bettina Haidich
- Department of Hygiene, Social‐Preventive Medicine & Medical Statistics, Medical School Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
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