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Thu KM, Yeung AWK, Samaranayake L, Lam WYH. Denture Plaque Biofilm Visual Assessment Methods: A Systematic Review. Int Dent J 2024; 74:1-14. [PMID: 37479594 PMCID: PMC10829380 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture plaque, a biofilm that develops on denture surfaces, could contribute to many oral and systemic afflictions. Hence, a quantitative assessment of denture plaque is important to evaluate the denture hygiene of denture wearers, particularly to prevent plaque biofilm-associated diseases. The aim of this systematic review, therefore, was to review and summarize the visual denture hygiene assessment methods using denture plaque indices and with planimetries published in the literature. English language studies published up to March 2022 in four electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched, followed by a manual search of Google Scholar by two assessors. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) whenever possible. Details of the visual assessment methods, including the types of denture assessed, its materials and its surfaces, as well as the use of a disclosing agent, were the main outcomes. Of 492 screened studies, 74 were included per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 60 studies utilized various denture plaque indices while 18 used planimetries. 43 out of 60 studies with indices and 17 out of 18 studies with planimetries used disclosing agents for visual evaluation of plaque. A total of 21 indices were described in the included studies, of which seven graded a divided denture surface, while the remainder graded entire denture surface. Of the 18 planimetric assessments, one study quantified squares of the disclosed plaques on denture images, 16 studies quantified such pixels with computer programs, and a single study quantified points, pixels, and contour of plaque areas. In summary, denture plaque indices appear to be popular in denture plaque assessment due to their simplicity. Computerized planimetric assessment, though more time-consuming, provides a more accurate assessment of plaque load as it is less prone to subjectivity and assessor errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaing Myat Thu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lakshman Samaranayake
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Walter Yu Hang Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
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Revilla-León M, Gómez-Polo M, Barmak AB, Inam W, Kan JYK, Kois JC, Akal O. Artificial intelligence models for diagnosing gingivitis and periodontal disease: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:816-824. [PMID: 35300850 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been developed for periodontal applications, including diagnosing gingivitis and periodontal disease, but their accuracy and maturity of the technology remain unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the performance of the AI models for detecting dental plaque and diagnosing gingivitis and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A review was performed in 4 databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, World of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus. A manual search was also conducted. Studies were classified into 4 groups: detecting dental plaque, diagnosis of gingivitis, diagnosis of periodontal disease from intraoral images, and diagnosis of alveolar bone loss from periapical, bitewing, and panoramic radiographs. Two investigators evaluated the studies independently by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal. A third examiner was consulted to resolve any lack of consensus. RESULTS Twenty-four articles were included: 2 studies developed AI models for detecting plaque, resulting in accuracy ranging from 73.6% to 99%; 7 studies assessed the ability to diagnose gingivitis from intraoral photographs reporting an accuracy between 74% and 78.20%; 1 study used fluorescent intraoral images to diagnose gingivitis reporting 67.7% to 73.72% accuracy; 3 studies assessed the ability to diagnose periodontal disease from intraoral photographs with an accuracy between 47% and 81%, and 11 studies evaluated the performance of AI models for detecting alveolar bone loss from radiographic images reporting an accuracy between 73.4% and 99%. CONCLUSIONS AI models for periodontology applications are still in development but might provide a powerful diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Adjunct Professor Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - Miguel Gómez-Polo
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Abdul B Barmak
- Assistant Professor Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Joseph Y K Kan
- Professor, Advanced Education in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, Calif
| | - John C Kois
- Founder and Director Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Affiliate Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Private practice, Seattle, Wash
| | - Orhan Akal
- Machine Learning Scientist, Boston, Mass
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Nong Z, Ya Z, Zheng J, Yong X, Tao R. The efficacy of subgingival air polishing and subgingival debridement in periodontal support therapy: a meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2023; 24:142-143. [PMID: 37433921 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether there is sufficient evidence of a difference in efficacy between subgingival air polishing (SubAP) and subgingival debridement as periodontal support treatment. The systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database under no. CRD42020213042. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted using eight online databases to develop straightforward clinical questions and search strategies, from their inception to 27 January 2023. The references of identified reports were also retrieved for inclusion in the analysis. The risk-of-bias of the included studies was evaluated using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool (RoB 2). A meta-analysis was performed on five clinical indicators using the Stata 16 software. RESULTS Twelve randomized controlled trials were ultimately included, and most included studies had varying degrees of risk-of-bias. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that there was no significant difference between SubAP and subgingival scaling in terms of improving probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PLI), and bleeding on probing% (BOP%). The results of the visual analogue scale score analysis indicated that SubAP produced less discomfort than did subgingival scaling. DISCUSSION SubAP can provide better treatment comfort than subgingival debridement. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of the two modalities in improving PD, CAL, and BOP% in supportive periodontal therapy. CONCLUSION Currently, evidence for assessing the difference in the efficacy of SubAP and subgingival debridement in improving the PLI is insufficient, and further high-quality clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuwei Nong
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Zuke Ya
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P.R. China.
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Yong
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, P.R. China
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Mensi M, Caselli E, D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Farina R, Scotti E, Guarnelli ME, Fabbri C, Garzetti G, Marchetti S, Sordillo A, Trombelli L. Efficacy of the additional use of subgingival air-polishing with erythritol powder in the treatment of periodontitis patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Part II: effect on sub-gingival microbiome. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2547-2563. [PMID: 36538094 PMCID: PMC10264538 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, scarce evidence exists around the application of subgingival air-polishing during treatment of severe periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the health-related and periodontitis-related subgingival microbiome of air-polishing during non-surgical treatment of deep bleeding pockets in stage III-IV periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with stage III-IV periodontitis were selected, and pockets with probing depth (PD) 5-9 mm and bleeding on probing were selected as experimental sites. All patients underwent a full-mouth session of erythritol powder supragingival air-polishing and ultrasonic instrumentation. Test group received additional subgingival air-polishing at experimental sites. Subgingival microbial samples were taken from the maxillary experimental site showing the deepest PD at baseline. Primary outcome of the first part of the present study was the 3-month change in the number of experimental sites. Additional analysis of periodontal pathogens and other sub-gingival plaque bacteria sampled at one experimental site at baseline and 3 months following treatment was performed through a real-time quantitative PCR microarray. RESULTS In the test group, a statistical increase of some health-related species was observed (Abiotropha defectiva, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Lautropia mirabilis), together with the decrease of pathogens such as of Actinomyces israelii, Catonella morbi, Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Sele-nomonas sputigena, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii. In the control group, statistical significance was found only in the decrease of Filifactor alocis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema socranskii. CONCLUSIONS The addition of erythritol-chlorhexidine powder seems to cause a shift of the periodontal micro-biome toward a more eubiotic condition compared to a conventional treatment. The study was registered on Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04264624). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Subgingival air-polishing could help re-establishing a eubiotic microbioma in deep bleeding periodontal pockets after initial non-surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Mensi
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scotti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Guarnelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Garzetti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchetti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST Degli Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sordillo
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.Le Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL), Ferrara, Italy
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Avenetti DM, Martin MA, Gansky SA, Ramos-Gomez FJ, Hyde S, Van Horn R, Jue B, Rosales GF, Cheng NF, Shiboski CH. Calibration and reliability testing of a novel asynchronous photographic plaque scoring system in young children. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:108-115. [PMID: 36781405 PMCID: PMC10329468 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index for Maxillary Incisors (OHI-MIS) is a novel plaque scoring system adapted for young children. This study describes calibration training and testing used to establish the inter- and intra-rater reliability for OHI-MIS measured from clinical photographs. METHODS Two raters from the Coordinated Oral Health Promotion Chicago (CO-OP) and one from the Behavioral EConomics for Oral health iNnovation (BEECON) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underwent calibration with gold standard raters, followed by annual re-calibration. Raters from CO-OP also completed inter-rater reliability testing; all three raters completed intra-rater reliability testing rounds. Photographs were obtained from children aged 9-39 months. RESULTS All three raters achieved greater than 0.77 Lin's Concordance Correlation (LCC) versus gold standard consensus during calibration. All three raters had LCC ≥0.83 at recalibration 1 year later. CO-OP trial raters scored 604 photos (151 sets of 4 photographs); mostly both raters were somewhat/very confident in their scoring (≥89%), describing the most photos as "clear" (90% and 81%). The CO-OP inter-rater LCC for total OHI-MIS score was 0.86, changing little when low quality or confidence photos were removed. All three raters demonstrated high intra-rater reliability (≥0.83). CONCLUSIONS The OHI-MIS plaque scoring system on photos had good reliability within and between trials following protocol training and calibration. OHI-MIS provides a novel asynchronous plaque scoring system for use in young children. Non-clinicians in field or clinical settings can obtain photographs, offering new opportunities for research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Avenetti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Molly A. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, UIC College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart A. Gansky
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Francisco J. Ramos-Gomez
- Division of Preventative and Restorative Sciences, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Hyde
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Van Horn
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UIC College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bonnie Jue
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Genesis F. Rosales
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nancy F. Cheng
- Department Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Caroline H. Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ali US, Sukhia RH, Fida M. A comparison of three different modalities in improving oral hygiene in adult orthodontic patients – An open label randomized controlled trial. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Riad A, Põld A, Olak J, Howaldt HP, Klugar M, Krsek M, Attia S. Estonian Dental Students' Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours (KAB): National Survey-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1908. [PMID: 35162930 PMCID: PMC8834781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The strategic plan for dentistry and oral health in Estonia of 2030 focuses on oral health promotion and disease prevention through undergraduate dental curricula and fostering public health-oriented research among students. The present study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study to evaluate oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours (KAB) of dental students in Estonia. The study was carried out in the spring semester of 2020, and it used a modified version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI). A total of 129 students responded to the survey, constituting a response rate of 93.5% due to the total population sampling (census) technique used in this study and the small target population size. Out of the 124 students included in the final analysis, 79% were females, 62.1% were clinical students, 11.3% reported smoking tobacco at least once a week, and 86.3% reported problematic internet use. The present study found that mean HU-DBI score of Estonian dental students was 8.09 ± 1.22 which is so far the highest recorded HU-DBI score in Europe. There was no significant difference between female vs. male or preclinical vs. clinical students in terms of HU-DBI score. While clinical students reported less faulty oral hygiene practices, such as hard toothbrush use and aggressive toothbrushing, preclinical students reported a slightly higher mean HU-DBI score. Smoking behaviour was more common among male and clinical students, and it was also associated with alcohol drinking and worry about teeth colour and halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ave Põld
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Jana Olak
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krsek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
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Shrivastava D, Natoli V, Srivastava KC, Alzoubi IA, Nagy AI, Hamza MO, Al-Johani K, Alam MK, Khurshid Z. Novel Approach to Dental Biofilm Management through Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT): A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091966. [PMID: 34576863 PMCID: PMC8468826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental biofilm plays a very crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal andperi-implant diseases. Over the past decade, tremendous research has been carried outto know the structure of biofilm and the mechanism by which it causes the destruction of supporting tissues of tooth or implant. Periodontal or peri-implant therapy usually begins with primarily removing thebiofilm and is considered as non-surgical mechanical debridement. Although scaling and root planing (SRP) is regarded as a gold standard for mechanical plaque debridement, various other means of biofilm removal have constantly been evolving. These may vary from different scaling systems such as vector systems to decontamination of pockets with LASER therapy. Nowadays, a new concept has emerged known as “guided biofilm therapy” (GBT). It is beneficial in removing the biofilm around the tooth and implant structures, resulting in better or comparable clinical outcomes than SRP. These results were substantiated with the reduction in the microbial load as well as the reduction in the inflammatory cytokines. This review will highlight the various aspects of GBT used in periodontal and peri-implant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Shrivastava
- Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-500-782-498
| | - Valentino Natoli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Private Dental Practice, 72015 Fasano, Italy
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Oral Medicine Radiology, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim A Alzoubi
- Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Ismail Nagy
- Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Diagnostic Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - May Othman Hamza
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Al-Johani
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Oncu A, Huang Y, Amasya G, Sevimay FS, Orhan K, Celikten B. Silver nanoparticles in endodontics: recent developments and applications. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e38. [PMID: 34513644 PMCID: PMC8411004 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of endodontic biofilms and the maintenance of a leak-proof canal filling are key aspects of successful root canal treatment. Several materials have been introduced to treat endodontic disease, although treatment success is limited by the features of the biomaterials used. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been increasingly considered in dental applications, especially endodontics, due to their high antimicrobial activity. For the present study, an electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and EMBASE. This review provides insights into the unique characteristics of AgNPs, including their chemical, physical, and antimicrobial properties; limitations; and potential uses. Various studies involving different application methods of AgNPs were carefully examined. Based on previous clinical studies, the synthesis, means of obtaining, usage conditions, and potential cytotoxicity of AgNPs were evaluated. The findings indicate that AgNPs are effective antimicrobial agents for the elimination of endodontic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Oncu
- Department of Endodontics, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Dental Hygiene Research & Development in Health & Care, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gulin Amasya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Semra Sevimay
- Department of Endodontics, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkan Celikten
- Department of Endodontics, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Oliveira LM, Pazinatto J, Zanatta FB. Are oral hygiene instructions with aid of plaque-disclosing methods effective in improving self-performed dental plaque control? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:239-254. [PMID: 33638295 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically evaluate the literature on whether plaque-disclosing (PD) methods, applied by dental professionals (FQ1) or at-home (FQ2), combined with verbal oral hygiene instructions and brushing demonstration (standard OHI) lead to improvements in self-performed dental plaque control in comparison to standard OHI alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven databases were searched by two independent reviewers according to pre-specified eligibility criteria up to September 2020. No restrictions regarding language, date and type of report were imposed. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) was used for quality appraisal. Multiple comparisons referring to a single study were included if the articles evaluated different PD agents. Narrative synthesis using evidence tables were performed. RESULTS Seven eligible studies were retrieved, including data of 430 individuals (159 wearers of orthodontic appliances). The studies exhibited considerable heterogeneity regarding outcome assessments and follow-up. Eleven (eight corresponding to FQ1 and three to FQ2) out of 13 relevant comparisons found no significant difference between techniques for dental plaque outcomes and three (two corresponding to FQ1 and one to FQ2) out of five comparisons indicated a positive effect of standard OHI with aid of PD methods on gingival inflammation scores. With respect specifically to orthodontic patients, three out of four comparisons indicated significant improvements on gingival inflammation scores for individuals instructed with PD methods. CONCLUSION Clinicians should consider PD agents as adjunct to standard OHI in orthodontic patients. For those without appliances, PD methods can be used as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Machado Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Josiele Pazinatto
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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11
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Albonni H, Alseirafi W, Tekleh H, Sawaf H. Clinical outcomes of performance of dental students using erythritol powder by means of air polishing with ultrasonic debridement with students' assessment: Part II. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:391-400. [PMID: 34318588 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of a dental student's clinical performance is essential for providing feedback for improving education. This study evaluated the ability of undergraduate dental students to treat periodontal patients with two techniques, ultrasonic debridement with polishing (UD+P) and the erythritol powder air polishing with ultrasonic instrumentation (EPAP+UD) in a split-mouth design. METHODS The study was conducted on undergraduate students with patients suffering from gingivitis and stage I periodontitis with grade A. The evaluation consisted of two parts: first, assessment of the student by clinical indices (full mouth plaque index (FMPI), calculus index (CI), remaining calculus index (RCI), modified gingival index (MGI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI)) at baseline, immediately and after 2 weeks. In addition to assessing treatment time for each student; and second, obtaining student feedback about the two methods used. RESULTS Five undergraduate fourth years' students, and thirteen patients participated. Statistically significant decreases in FMPI, CI, MGI and PBI between baseline and 2 weeks post-treatment were noted in both test and control groups. At 2 weeks of inter-group comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference in FMPI and MGI indices, and immediately after the treatment, there was also a significant reduction in FMPI and CI. Treatment time was significantly less for the EPAP+UD method, and it got 10-time method preferring in comparison with the control group (UD+P) by students. CONCLUSION The undergraduate dental student has the capacity to treat the periodontal patient using both approaches with a preference for the EPAP+UI approach over UI+P. In addition, this EPAP+UI is a promising method of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Albonni
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry - Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria.,Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry - Al Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | | | - Hazem Sawaf
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry - Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria.,Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry - Al Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria
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12
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Mensi M, Scotti E, Sordillo A, Dalè M, Calza S. Clinical evaluation of air polishing with erythritol powder followed by ultrasonic calculus removal versus conventional ultrasonic debridement and rubber cup polishing for the treatment of gingivitis: A split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:371-380. [PMID: 34275193 PMCID: PMC9292536 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the clinical efficacy in the short‐term resolution of gingivitis of a novel protocol involving full‐mouth erythritol powder air polishing followed by ultrasonic calculus removal. Methods Forty‐one healthy patients completed the study. Following a split‐mouth design, quadrants 1–4 and 2–3 were randomly allocated to receive air polishing followed by ultrasonic calculus removal (A+US) or traditional full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement followed by polishing with a rubber cup and prophylactic paste (US+P). Bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) were collected at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. Moreover, the residual plaque area (RPA), treatment time and patient comfort/satisfaction were evaluated at the end of the treatment. Results Both treatments showed a significant reduction in BoP and PI. At 4 weeks, A+US seems to reach a statistically significant lower BoP (8.7% [6.9; 10.9] vs. 11.6%[9.3; 14.4], p < 0.0001) and PI (10.7% [8.9; 13.0] vs. 12.3% [10.2; 14.9], p = 0.033). Moreover, A+US treatment time lasted on average 9.2% less than US+P (p < 0.0001) and was the preferred treatment for a significantly higher number of patients (73.2% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.0001). Conclusion The A+US protocol is suitable for the short‐term resolution of plaque‐induced gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Mensi
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scotti
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,U.O.C. Odontostomatologia - ASST degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sordillo
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Dalè
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Albonni H, Alseirafi W, Tekleh H, Abo Orabi F, Alhaj M, Almasri D, Hamadh H, Sawaf H. Clinical outcomes of using erythritol powder by means of air polishing with ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of initial periodontal pockets in hand of dental students: A split-mouth, randomized, comparative, controlled study. Part I. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:262-272. [PMID: 34013650 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and patient acceptance of using the erythritol powder air polishing with mechanical debridement in non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS The trial was conducted as a split-mouth design study of 6 weeks' duration including 13 patients with gingivitis and stage I periodontitis with grade A. Each patient received ultrasonic debridement and polishing (UD+P) on one side, whereas the contralateral side was treated by erythritol powder air polishing and ultrasonic instrumentation (EPAP+UI) when required. Clinical variables were as follows: papillary bleeding index (PBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), full mouth plaque index (FMPI), calculus index (CI), modified gingival index (MGI), probing pocket depth (PPD), the time needed and rate the pain for each group. RESULTS The FMPI, MGI, CI, PBL and BOP parameters improved significantly for both treatment procedures; however, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at any of the examinations intervals, except for MGI and CI which showed a significant reduction at 2 weeks compared with baseline. PPD was significantly decreased in EPAP+UI group. Perceived pain intensity was lower for EPAP+UI group than UD+P group without any significant difference during follow-up periods between the two groups. Seven patients favoured air polishing. The treatment's time was (24.92 ± 9.260 and 34.08 ± 9.106) minutes for the test and control side, respectively. CONCLUSION This study generally revealed no significant differences in clinical outcomes between two groups for gingivitis and stage I periodontitis treatment. However, EPAP+UI had higher patient's preference and less time-consuming compared with UD+P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Albonni
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.,Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry-Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
| | - Walaa Alseirafi
- Faculty of Dentistry- Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
| | - Hiba Tekleh
- Faculty of Dentistry- Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
| | - Feras Abo Orabi
- Faculty of Dentistry- Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
| | - Mouaaid Alhaj
- Faculty of Dentistry- Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
| | - Dima Almasri
- Faculty of Dentistry- Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
| | - Hussen Hamadh
- Faculty of Dentistry- Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
| | - Hazem Sawaf
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry-Syrian Private University, Daraa, Syria
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A Novel Method to Measure the Powder Consumption of Dental Air-Polishing Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral preventive measures should be efficient, minimally invasive, and painless. Air-polishing has this potential. As the efficiency and abrasivity of powders are dependent on the amount of powder projected, a better understanding of this characteristic will help us to determine the most effective and least invasive device. Method: A new laboratory set-up was designed using light diffusion to measure powder consumption with high accuracy due to its high sampling rate, even at short time intervals (<1 s). We tested six different marketed air-polishers of two different working types: Table-top and Handy. Results: All of the devices presented some powder delivery fluctuations. These differences were manufacturer-dependent. The powder delivery stability varied by up to two times, and ranged among the Table-top devices in the following order: E1 < M2 < N2. The mean powder consumption also varied by up to 2.9 times, in the following order: E1 < N2 < M3. All of the Handy devices presented a short treatment time and poor flow regularity, and consumed significantly more powder than the Table-top devices (by approximately +25%). Conclusion: The powder consumption analysis showed distinct differences between the devices. Therefore, the clinical results among the devices cannot be compared, as their working mechanisms are very different.
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15
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Efficacy of the additional use of subgingival air polishing with erythritol powder in the treatment of periodontitis patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:729-736. [PMID: 33404760 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, scarce evidence exists around the application of subgingival air polishing during treatment of severe periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of subgingival air polishing during non-surgical treatment of deep bleeding pockets in stages III-IV periodontitis patients MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with stages III-IV periodontitis were selected, and pockets with probing depth (PD) 5-9 mm and bleeding on probing (BoP) were selected as experimental sites. All patients underwent a full-mouth session of erythritol powder supragingival air polishing and ultrasonic instrumentation. Test group received additional subgingival air polishing at experimental sites. The proportion of experimental sites shifting to PD ≤ 4 mm and no BoP at 3 months (i.e., non-bleeding closed pockets, NBCPs) was regarded as the primary outcome variable. RESULTS The proportion of NBCP was comparable between test and control group (47.9 and 44.7%, respectively). Baseline PD of 7-9 mm, multi-rooted teeth and the presence of plaque negatively influenced the probability of obtaining NBCP. CONCLUSIONS The additional application of subgingival air polishing does not seem to provide any significant clinical advantage in achieving closure at moderate to deep bleeding pockets in treatment of stages III-IV periodontitis patients. The study was registered on Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04264624). CLINICAL RELEVANCE While air polishing can play a role in biofilm removal at supragingival and shallow sites, ultrasonic root surface debridement alone is still the choice for initial treatment of deep bleeding periodontal pockets.
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Has the Health Insurance Coverage of Scaling Contributed Positively to Periodontal Health in Korea? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228537. [PMID: 33213106 PMCID: PMC7698714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the health insurance coverage of dental scaling (introduced in 2013) using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs parameter among Korean adults aged 20 years or older. We used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from before and after 2013 to analyze the statistical significance and associations of the covariates with the prevalence of healthy periodontal tissues, prevalence of people in need of scaling, and prevalence of periodontal diseases. The results showed that the prevalence of healthy periodontal tissues increased by 4.9% (from 34.2% to 39.1%), the number of people in need of scaling decreased by 5% (from 65.9% to 60.9%), and the prevalence of periodontal diseases increased by 7.2% (from 23.4% to 30.6%). Moreover, after the scaling coverage policy, the odds ratio of the prevalence of healthy periodontal tissues was 1.10 times higher, the prevalence of the need for scaling was 1.5 times higher, and the prevalence of periodontal diseases was 0.90 times lower. Therefore, the state should formulate policies that provide dental biofilm management through a disclosing agent, impart education about oral hygiene, and develop a health management system that enables the concurrent management of periodontal diseases and systemic diseases.
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