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Rondón AKA, Lozada MIT, Soares PBF, Raposo LHA, Soares CJ. Effect of different materials for conventional and 3D-printed models on the mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate utilized for fabricating custom-fit mouthguards. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40:281-288. [PMID: 37997541 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The interaction between the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) with distinct materials utilized for obtaining dental models can affect the performance of resulting mouthguards. This study attempted to evaluate the effect of different materials for conventional (dental stone) or 3D-printed (resin) models on EVA's physical and mechanical properties and surface characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS EVA sheets (Bioart) were laminated over four model types: GIV, conventional Type IV dental stone model (Zhermak); ReG, resin-reinforced Type IV dental stone model (Zero Stone); 3DnT, 3D resin printed model (Anycubic) without surface treatment; 3DT, 3D-printed model (Anycubic) with water-soluble gel (KY Jelly Lubricant, Johnson & Johnson) coating during post-curing process. The EVA specimens were cut following the ISO 37-II standard (n = 30). Shore A hardness was measured before and after plasticization on the contact (internal) or opposite (external) surfaces with the model. The breaking force (F, N), elongation (EL, mm), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS, MPa) were measured using a universal testing machine. Macro-photography and scanning electron microscopy were adopted for classifying the EVA surface alteration. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, followed by Tukey's test (α = .05). RESULTS Plasticization significantly decreased Shore A values for the tested EVA regardless of the model type (p < .001). Higher F, El, and UTS values were verified for the EVA with 3DT and GIV models compared to ReG and 3DnT (p < .001). 3DnT models resulted in severe surface alteration and a greater reduction of the mechanical properties of the EVA. CONCLUSION The interaction of EVA with 3D resin-printed models without surface treatment or resin-reinforced Type IV dental stone models significantly affected the physical and mechanical properties of this material. The utilization of water-soluble gel coating during the post-curing process of 3D resin printed models improved the mechanical properties of the EVA, similarly when this material was plasticized over conventional Type IV dental stone model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Henrique Araujo Raposo
- Department of Occlusion and Prosthodontic, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Hada T, Komagamine Y, Kanazawa M, Minakuchi S. Fabrication of sports mouthguards using a semi-digital workflow with 4D-printing technology. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:181-185. [PMID: 36908136 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This technical procedure report explains the fabrication protocol for a newly developed 4D-printed sports mouthguard (MG) based on 4D-printing technology.Methods An intraoral scanner was used to scan a maxillary arch model. A two-layer sports MG was designed based on the scanned model using computer-aided design software and output in a standard tessellation language file format. Two types of filament materials were used for the MG material: a thermoplastic shape memory polyurethane elastomer with a unique glass transition temperature for the external layer and a thermoplastic elastomer for the internal layer. Both MGs were printed using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer and assembled using adhesives after trimming the support material. To confirm the shape-memory performance of the fabricated 4D-printed MG, a deviation analysis was performed by superimposing the internal surface data of the fabricated MG and the MG whose shape was recovered. The distance between the data obtained by deviation analysis was calculated, and the root mean square error value (mm) was determined.Conclusions The 4D-printing technology simplifies the complex processes required with conventional methods. It also overcomes the issues of conventional and 3D-printed MGs, such as the reduced fitting accuracy caused by deformation, because this technology employs shape memory materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Hada
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Komagamine
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Merle CL, Wuestenfeld JC, Fenkse F, Wolfarth B, Haak R, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D. The Significance of Oral Inflammation in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review. Sports Med Int Open 2022; 6:E69-E79. [PMID: 36643596 PMCID: PMC9839431 DOI: 10.1055/a-1964-8538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been intense discussion about sports dentistry and potential interactions between oral health and athletes' performance. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature about oral inflammation in sports. For this purpose, it presents the most common types of oral inflammation (gingivitis, periodontitis, pericoronitis, apical periodontitis), and their prevalence in athletes. Both the impact of oral inflammation on performance and causes for oral inflammation in athletes are discussed by presenting current literature. Finally, international recommendations for dental care in sports are presented. Several studies stated a high prevalence of oral inflammation in athletes, especially of gingivitis (58-97%) and periodontitis (41%). Also, many athletes report oral pain (17-30%) and a negative impact of oral health on training (3-9%). Besides this, a systemic impact of oral inflammation is discussed: In periodontitis patients, blood parameters and physical fitness are changed. In athletes, associations between muscle injuries and poor oral health are reported. There are deficits in oral health behavior. Furthermore, systemic changes due to physical stress could influence oral tissues. Overall, complex bidirectional interactions between competitive sports and oral inflammation are possible. Regular dental examinations and prevention strategies should be implemented in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Leonie Merle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Wuestenfeld
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Fenkse
- Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
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Martin N, England R, Mulligan S. Sustainable Oral Healthcare: A Joint Stakeholder Approach. Int Dent J 2022; 72:261-265. [PMID: 35365320 PMCID: PMC9275086 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, 19A Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA.
| | | | - Steven Mulligan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Merle CL, Richter L, Challakh N, Haak R, Schmalz G, Needleman I, Wolfarth B, Ziebolz D, Wüstenfeld J. Orofacial conditions and oral health behavior of young athletes - a comparison of amateur and competitive sports. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:903-912. [PMID: 35174553 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate oral health status (dental, periodontal and functional) and oral health behavior in young German athletes including the comparison of competitive (CA) and amateur sports (AA). METHODS Data of CA (German national teams, perspective and youth squads) and AA aged between 18 and 30 years with an available oral examination in 2019 were included. Clinical examination: caries experience (DMF-T), non-carious wear (erosion, BEWE), partially erupted wisdom teeth, gingival inflammation (PBI), plaque index, periodontal screening (PSI), and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) screening. Questionnaires: oral health behavior, periodontal symptoms. RESULTS 88 CA (w = 51 %, 20.6 ± 3.5 years) of endurance sports and 57 AA (w = 51%, 22.2 ± 2.1 years) were included. DMF-T was comparable (CA: 2.7 ± 2.2, AA: 2.3 ± 2.2; p = 0.275) with more D-T in CA (0.6 ± 1.0) than AA (0.3 ± 0.7; p = 0.046; caries prevalence: CA: 34 %, AA: 19 %; p = 0.06). Both groups had low severity of erosion (BEWE about 3.5). CA had more positive TMD screenings (43 % vs. 25 %; p = 0.014). In both groups, all athletes showed signs of gingival inflammation, but on average of low severity (PBI < 1). More CA needed complex periodontal treatment than AA (maximum PSI = 3 in 40% vs. 12%; p < 0.001). Oral health behavior was comparable (daily tooth brushing, regular dental check-ups in > 70%). CONCLUSIONS Young German athletes (CA and AA) generally showed signs of gingival inflammation and needed to improve their oral health behavior. CA showed slightly increased oral findings (more D-T, periodontal and TMD screening findings) than AA, but similar oral health behavior. This may imply an increased dental care need in competitive sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Leonie Merle
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Richter
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadia Challakh
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian Needleman
- Centre for Oral Health and Performance, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK, UK IOC Research Centre
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Humboldt-University, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt University, 10099, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Wüstenfeld
- Department of Sports Medicine, Humboldt-University, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany
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Shiota N, Kinoshita A, Sunaga M, Tanabe G, Hayashi K, Churei H, Fukai T, Matsumoto M, Yasui T, Ueno T. Effectiveness of computer-assisted learning in sports dentistry: studies over a multiple-year period and at two universities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2021; 25:796-805. [PMID: 33387390 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insufficient educational resources on sports dentistry result in varying lecture implementations across dental schools, which cause knowledge gaps amongst students. Thus, a new interactive sports dentistry-related computer-assisted learning (CAL) module was created to facilitate dental school undergraduate students' education. This study compared the CAL module's learning effectiveness with conventional video lectures (VL) and assessed its effectiveness when used over several years at a university, and examined its validation in different university contexts, and students' perceptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were 305 fifth-year students. Students from a university in Tokyo participated for 3 years and those from a university in Saitama for 1 year. In each year, the students were divided into two groups-CAL and VL. They studied their assigned modules in 20-min lessons. A written test was administered to determine their knowledge acquisition levels, along with a questionnaire. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-two consenting participants were included in the statistical analysis. The CAL groups' test scores at both schools were significantly higher than the VL groups' every year (p < .001). Furthermore, test results from all years revealed no gender differences or repetition of the school years at either school. Most students at both universities evaluated the CAL module as excellent. CONCLUSION The interactive CAL module generated consistently strong results over multiple years, during which it was used by a diverse group of students at two universities. The students highly rated the module's learning process as well as its contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Shiota
- Department of Sports Medicine / Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kinoshita
- Curricular Management Division, Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Educational Media Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Sunaga
- Curricular Management Division, Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Educational Media Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Tanabe
- Department of Sports Medicine / Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kairi Hayashi
- Department of Sports Medicine / Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Churei
- Department of Sports Medicine / Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukai
- Division of Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, Department of Community Health, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Division of Sports Dentistry, Department of Community Health, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yasui
- Division of Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, Department of Community Health, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Sports Dentistry, Department of Community Health, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ueno
- Department of Sports Medicine / Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanabe G, Churei H, Takeuchi Y, Hayashi K, Kanasaki A, Yoshida Y, Toma J, Araie Y, Ueno T. Antibacterial effect of a disinfectant spray for sports mouthguards on Streptococcus sobrinus. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2021; 18:59. [PMID: 34497694 PMCID: PMC8404567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouthguard (MG) disinfectant sprays are available for maintaining MG hygiene. The effect of these sprays against Streptococcus sobrinus is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of an MG disinfectant spray against S. sobrinus using the modified ISO 22196 standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, we used the following treatment groups for antibacterial testing: MG spray-1 (left in spray for 30 s), MG spray-2 (60 s), and control (n = 4). All analyses were performed at a statistically significant level (P = 0.05) using JMP® 14. RESULTS The log colony-forming units of the MG spray-2 group were significantly lower than those of the other groups. The antibacterial activity of MG spray-2 against S. sobrinus was >2.1. CONCLUSION We confirmed the antibacterial effect of the MG spray against S. sobrinus, and it was influenced by the treatment duration, with the optimum effect at a longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Tanabe
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Churei
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Hiroshi Churei, Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kairi Hayashi
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Kanasaki
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yoshida
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Toma
- AGSA JAPAN CO., LTD 1-2-34 Tamatsukuri, Chuo-Ku, Japan
| | - Yosiaki Araie
- LITEC., Ltd 6-33 Minamibori-cho, Tennoji-Ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ueno
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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YOSHIDA Y, CHUREI H, TAKEUCHI Y, WADA T, UO M, IZUMI Y, UENO T. Novel antibacterial mouthguard material manufactured using silver-nanoparticle–embedded ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer masterbatch. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:437-444. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko YOSHIDA
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hiroshi CHUREI
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yasuo TAKEUCHI
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takahiro WADA
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Motohiro UO
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yuichi IZUMI
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Toshiaki UENO
- Department of Sports Medicine/Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Improvement of the Shock Absorption Ability of a Face Guard by Incorporating a Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic and Buffering Space. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6503568. [PMID: 29854774 PMCID: PMC5964619 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6503568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the shock absorption ability of trial face guards (FGs) incorporating a glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (GF) and buffering space. The mechanical properties of 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm thick commercial medical splint materials (Aquaplast, AP) and experimental GF prepared from 1.6 mm thick AP and fiberglass cloth were determined by a three-point bending test. Shock absorption tests were conducted on APs with two different thicknesses and two types of experimental materials, both with a bottom material of 1.6 mm thick AP and a buffering space of 30 mm in diameter (APS) and with either (i) 1.6 mm thick AP (AP-APS) or (ii) 1.6 mm thick GF (GF-APS) covering the APS. The GF exhibited significantly higher flexural strength (64.4 MPa) and flexural modulus (7.53 GPa) than the commercial specimens. The maximum load of GF-APS was 75% that of 3.2 mm AP, which is widely used clinically. The maximum stress of the GF-APS only could not be determined as its maximum stress is below the limits of the analysis materials used (<0.5 MPa). Incorporating a GF and buffering space would enhance the shock absorption ability; thus, the shock absorption ability increased while the total thickness and weight decreased.
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