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Sánchez P, Vidi B, Rico C, Mena-Alvarez J, Gil J, Aragoneses JM. Relevant Aspects in the Mechanical and Aging Degradation of NiTi Alloy with R-Phase in Endodontic Files. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3351. [PMID: 38998431 PMCID: PMC11243302 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
One of the most important challenges in endodontics is to have files that have excellent flexibility, toughness, and high fatigue life. Superelastic NiTi alloys have been a breakthrough and the new R-phase NiTi alloys promise to further optimize the good properties of NiTi alloys. In this work, two austenitic phase endodontic files with superelastic properties (Protaper and F6) and two austenitic phase files with the R-phase (M-wire and Reciproc) have been studied. The transformation temperatures were studied by calorimetry. Molds reproducing root canals at different angles (30, 45, and 70°) were obtained with cooling and loads simulating those used in the clinic. Mechanical cycles of different files were realized to fracture. Transformation temperatures were determined at different number of cycles. The different files were heat treated at 300 and 500 °C as the aging process, and the transformation temperatures were also determined. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the fractography and precipitates of the files. The results show that files with the R-phase have higher fracture cycles than files with only the austenitic phase. The fracture cycles depend on the angle of insertion in the root canal, with the angle of 70° being the one with the lowest fracture cycles in all cases. The R-Phase transformation increases the energy absorbed by the NiTi to produce the austenitic to R-phase and to produce the martensitic transformation causing the increase in the fracture cycles. Mechanical cycling leads to significant increases in the transformation temperatures Ms and Af as well as Rs and Rf. No changes in the transformation temperatures were observed for aging at 300 °C, but the appearance of Ni4Ti3 precipitates was observed in the aging treatments to the Nickel-rich files that correspond to those with the R transition. These results should be considered by endodontists to optimize the type of files for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sánchez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain;
| | - Benedetta Vidi
- Programa de Doctorado Ciencia de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Pza. San Diego s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Cristina Rico
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Jesús Mena-Alvarez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain;
| | - Juan Manuel Aragoneses
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.A.)
- Department of Dental Research, Federico Henriquez y Carvajal University, Santo Domingo 10106, Dominican Republic
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Kyaw MS, Ebihara A, Iino Y, Thu M, Maki K, Kimura S, Htun PH, Okiji T. Effect of preset torque setting on torque/force generation, shaping ability and surface changes of nickel titanium rotary instrument in different root canal curvature locations: An ex vivo study. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:329-337. [PMID: 38583993 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate how preset torque settings influence the torque, vertical force, and root canal-centering ability of ProGlider and ProTaper NEXT nickel-titanium rotary instruments in canals with different curvature locations. Based on micro-computed tomography, mesial roots of human mandibular molars (25°-40° curvature) were allocated to the apical curvature (apical 1-5 mm) or the middle curvature (apical 5-9 mm) groups, and mandibular incisors (curvature <5°) to the straight canal group. Each group was subjected to automated instrumentation and torque/force measurement with the preset torque of 1, 2.5, or 5 N•cm. Canal-centering ratios were determined with micro-computed tomography. Instrument fracture occurred only in the 2.5 and 5 N•cm groups in curved canals. The preset torque setting and curvature location did not influence canal shaping ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Sandar Kyaw
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, University of Dental Medicine (Mandalay)
| | - Arata Ebihara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Yoshiko Iino
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Myint Thu
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Keiichiro Maki
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Pyae Hein Htun
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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Retnakaran A, Gaffoor FMA, Gopakumar R, Girish CS, Sajeena NC, Krishna NG. Comparative Evaluation of Efficiency of Different Endodontic File Systems; Protaper Universal, MTWO, Protaper Next, Trunatomy, I-Race in Terms of Remaining Dentin Thickness: An In vitro CBCT Analysis. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1409-S1413. [PMID: 38882834 PMCID: PMC11174237 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_697_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The longevity of an endodontically treated tooth depends on fracture resistance by preserving more remaining dentin thickness. The aim of this study is to determine which file system preserves more remaining dentin thickness. Materials and Methods Protaper universal, M-two, Protaper Next, Trunatomy, I-Race and mandibular first premolar. The removed dentin thickness during instrumentation of each file system was noted by taking the difference of RDT of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation with the aid of CBCT. Results and Discussion TRN [Group-4] shows the least aggressive cutting with maximal preservation of remaining dentin thickness at 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex at both mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions. M-two [Group-2] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 3 mm from the apex both mesiodistal dimension and buccolingual dimension. PTU [Group-1] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 6 mm from the apex at mesiodistal dimension. M-two [Group-2] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 6 mm from the apex at the buccolingual dimension. Conclusion In this study, it is concluded that the Trunatomy file system preserves more remaining dentin thickness both mesiodistally and buccolingually both 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Retnakaran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Faisal M A Gaffoor
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Rethi Gopakumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - C Sabari Girish
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - N C Sajeena
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - N Gokul Krishna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Dantas WCF, Marceliano-Alves MFV, Marceliano EFV, Marques EF, de Carvalho Coutinho TM, Alves FR, Martin ASD, Pelegrine RA, Lopes RT, Bueno CEDS. Microtomographic Assessment of the Shaping Ability of the Hyflex CM and XP-endo Shaper Systems in Curved Root Canals. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:699-705. [PMID: 36220114 PMCID: PMC10569844 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the shaping ability of the Hyflex CM and XP-endo Shaper rotary file systems in curved mesial canals of mandibular molars using micro-computed tomography. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen mesial roots of extracted first mandibular molars with two independent mesial canals were scanned before and after root canal preparation with the tested rotatory file systems. Each mesial canal from the same specimen was prepared with one of the two systems. The parameters analyzed were canal centering (transportation) for the cervical, middle, and apical segments, as well as for the entire canal (0-10 mm from the apex); and canal volume increase, canal surface area increase, and unprepared canal walls for two segments, 0 to 4 mm and 0 to 10 mm from the apex. RESULTS There was no significant difference between both systems regarding canal centering (transportation), volume increase, and unprepared canal walls for the 0 to 10 mm segment (p> 0.05); however, a significant difference was observed for the 0 to 4 mm segment (p <0.01), where the Hyflex CM left 28.46% of unprepared walls and XP-endo Shaper left 13.26%. CONCLUSIONS The shaping ability of the two tested rotatory file systems in mesial roots of first mandibular molars was similar for all parameters in all the segments evaluated, except for the 0 to 4 mm segment, where XP-endo Shaper left a smaller area of unprepared canal walls than Hyflex CM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Flavio R.F. Alves
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sigrist De Martin
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rina Andrea Pelegrine
- Department of Endodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic College, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Departament of Nuclear Energy, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sánchez P, Vidi B, Mena-Alvarez J, Gil J, Rico C, Aragoneses JM. Effect of Stabilized Martensite on the Long-Term Performance of Superelastic NiTi Endodontic Files. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114089. [PMID: 37297223 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most used rotary files in endodontics is NiTi files due to their superelastic properties. This property means that this instrument has extraordinary flexion that can adapt to large angles inside the tooth canals. However, these files lose their superelasticity and fracture during use. The aim of this work is to determine the cause of fracture of the endodontic rotary files. For this purpose, 30 NiTi F6 SkyTaper® files (Komet, Germany) were used. Their chemical composition was determined by X-ray microanalysis, and their microstructure was determined by optical microscopy. Successive drillings were carried out with artificial tooth molds at 30, 45, and 70°. These tests were carried out at a temperature of 37 °C with a constant load controlled by a high sensitivity dynamometer of 5.5 N, and every five cycles were lubricated with an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite. The cycles to fracture were determined, and the surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Transformation (austenite to martensite) and retransformation (martensite to austenite) temperatures and enthalpies were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter at different endodontic cycles. The results showed an original austenitic phase with a Ms temperature of 15 °C and Af of 7 °C. Both temperatures increase with endodontic cycling, indicating that martensite forms at higher temperatures, and the temperature must be increased with cycling to retransform it to austenite. This fact indicates the stabilization of martensite with cycling, which is confirmed by the decrease in both transformation and retransformation enthalpies. The martensite is stabilized in the structure due to defects and does not retransform. This stabilized martensite has no superelasticity and, therefore, fractures prematurely. It has been possible to observe the stabilized martensite by studying the fractography, observing that the mechanism is by fatigue. The results showed that the files fracture earlier the greater the angle applied (for the tests at 70° at 280 s, at 45° at 385 s, and at 30° at 1200 s). As the angle increases, there is an increase in mechanical stress, and, therefore, the martensite stabilizes at lower cycles. To destabilize the martensite, a heat treatment can be carried out at 500 °C for 20 min, and the files recovers all its superelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sánchez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Benedetta Vidi
- Programa de Doctorado Ciencia de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Pza. San Diego s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mena-Alvarez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
| | - Cristina Rico
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Aragoneses
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, C. de Emilio Muñoz, 13, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Dental Research, Federico Henriquez y Carvajal University, Santo Domingo 10106, Dominican Republic
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Chan WS, Gulati K, Peters OA. Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:91-111. [PMID: 36203965 PMCID: PMC9520078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy has been extensively researched in endodontics, particularly in cleaning and shaping the root canal system. Research advances have primarily focused on the design, shape, and geometry of the NiTi files as well as metallurgy and mechanical properties. So far, extensive investigations have been made surrounding surface and thermomechanical treatments, however, limited work has been done in the realm of surface functionalization to augment its performance in endodontics. This review summarizes the unique characteristics, current use, and latest developments in thermomechanically treated NiTi endodontic files. It discusses recent improvements in nano-engineering and the possibility of customizing the NiTi file surface for added functionalization. Whilst clinical translation of this technology has yet to be fully realized, future research direction will lie in the use of nanotechnology. Nitinol (Nickel Titanium alloy) is widely used to clean/shape root canal system in endodontics. To enhance its performance, various thermo-mechanical and nano-engineering modifications have been performed. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advances and future trends relating to functionalized NiTi endodontic files.
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7
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Altufayli MD, Salim B, Katbeh I, Merei R, Mamasaidova Z. Shaping Ability of Reciproc Blue Versus One Curve in Curved Canal: An In-Vitro Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e24387. [PMID: 35619838 PMCID: PMC9126444 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments improved the root canal preparation of the narrow and curved root canals, especially after the introduction of thermomechanical treated (NiTi) alloys that have a high flexibility to prepare the curved canal reducing the common clinical complication, such as fracture, the change of the original shape of the root canal as a result of the change in the curvature of the curved root canal, the change of the working length which caused by the creation of the ledges, canal transporting and zipping especially in medium and highly curved canal. This study aimed to compare the shaping ability of two heat-treated nickel-titanium single file systems using reciprocation motion and rotary motion in curved canals. Materials and methods Thirty extracted human teeth with one curved root at 25 to 56 degrees were used, two NiTi single file systems were used to prepare the curved root canal in two groups: Reciproc R25 (Munich, Germany: VDW) group (n=15) and One Curve (Besancon, France: Micro-Mega) group (n=15). Curved root canal instrumentation outcomes were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Kruskal-Wallis with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to assess differences between working length, the angle and radius of curvature after instrumentation. Results There was a significant difference in angle and radius of curvature (-1.83° One Curve, -2.25° Reciproc blue and -0.18 mm One Curve, -0.19 mm Reciproc blue, respectively) (p<0.05) after instrumentation for both One Curve and Reciproc blue groups, and there was no significant difference in working length change (-0.16 mm One Curve, -0.32 mm Reciproc blue) after instrumentation of both One Curve and Reciproc blue groups (p>0.05). Conclusion The Reciproc blue single file system with reciprocation movement and One Curve with continuous movement cause a significant difference in curvature and radius of curved root canal affecting the original shape of the root canal with no significant difference in working length of the curved root canal.
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Abstract
A very extensive literature review presents the possibilities and needs of using, in endodontics, the alloys commonly known as nitinol. Nitinol, as the most modern group of engineering materials used to develop root canals, is equilibrium nickel and titanium alloys in terms of the elements’ atomic concentration, or very similar. The main audience of this paper is engineers, tool designers and manufacturers, PhD students, and students of materials and manufacturing engineering but this article can also certainly be used by dentists. The paper aims to present a full material science characterization of the structure and properties of nitinol alloys and to discuss all structural phenomena that determine the performance properties of these alloys, including those applied to manufacture the endodontic tools. The paper presents the selection of these alloys’ chemical composition and processing conditions and their importance in the endodontic treatment of teeth. The results of laboratory studies on the analysis of changes during the sterilization of endodontic instruments made of nitinol alloys are also included. The summary of all the literature analyses is an SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and is a forecast of the development strategy of this material in a specific application such as endodontics.
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Siang Lin GS, Singbal KP, Abdul Ghani NRN. A Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability, canal straightening, and preparation time of five different NiTi rotary files in simulated canals. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:67-71. [PMID: 34475683 PMCID: PMC8378489 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_616_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim is to compare the shaping ability, canal straightening, and the preparation time of five different nickel-titanium rotary files in simulated J-shaped canals. Materials and Methods Ninety J-shaped canals in resin blocks were filled with 2% Methylene Blue solution and pre-instrumentation images were taken using a Leica microscope at a ×10. They were prepared until size 25 taper 0.04 using (n = 18 per group): T-Flex, HyFlex CM, Vortex Blue, S5, and iRace. After instrumentation, images were captured again, and composite images were made using Adobe Photoshop imaging software. The differences in canal width and canal curvature at each respective landmark were measured and compared. The preparation time and canal abbreviations were also recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests. The level of statistical significance was set to P = 0.05. Results HyFlex CM demonstrated the least difference in canal width after instrumentation, but no significant difference (P > 0.05) as compared to T-Flex and Vortex Blue. The mean canal straightening ranged between 0.91° and 7.65°. T-Flex created the least canal straightening after instrumentation which was significantly less (P < 0.05) than S5, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) when compared to HyFlex CM. Instrumentation with the S5 file was significantly faster (P < 0.05), whereas HyFlex CM was the slowest. Conclusion T-Flex, HyFlex CM, and Vortex Blue demonstrated better shaping ability, whilst T-Flex and HyFlex CM maintained the original canal curvatures well. S5 tended to straighten the canals and caused the greatest canal transportation, but it required the least amount of time to shape the canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kiran Prabhakar Singbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Malaysian Allied Health Sciences Academy (MAHSA) University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Evaluation of Cyclic Fatigue and Bending Resistance of Coronal Preflaring NiTi File Manufactured with Different Heat Treatments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronal preflaring NiTi files should possess proper hardness, resistance to fracture and flexibility. This study compared the bending resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance of three orifice preflaring NiTi files. HyFlex EDM Orifice opener (#25/12), HyFlex CM (#25/08) and One Flare (#25/09) were tested (n = 46/instrument). Bending resistance was assessed with the stress when perpendicular displacement was applied to a 3 mm point from the file tip, and was performed at either room temperature (RT, n = 10) or body temperature (BT, n = 10). Cyclic fatigue resistance was tested with an artificial ceramic root canal at RT (n = 10) and BT (n = 10), and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was obtained. The bending resistance and the NCF results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed (n = 3, respectively). HyFlex EDM exhibited the highest bending resistance, followed by One Flare and HyFlex CM (p < 0.05), irrespective of the tested temperature. At RT, HyFlex CM demonstrated the highest NCF (p = 0.001), while HyFlex EDM had the highest NCF at BT (p < 0.001). The tested NiTi files were composed of austenite and martensite according to the DSC and XRD results. HyFlex EDM had the highest bending resistance and NCF measured at BT.
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11
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Current technology in endodontic instrumentation: advances in metallurgy and manufacture. Br Dent J 2021; 231:49-57. [PMID: 34244648 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments, there have been a myriad of developments which can be confusing and sometimes contradictory. This article seeks to review and articulate these advances, and allow the reader to better understand the benefits and the limitations of the systems available. Ultimately, this helps clinicians to engage more confidently with trade and have a more informed choice of the most appropriate file to use for each individual endodontic case. All this should facilitate more predictable endodontic outcomes.
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Analysis of the Morpho-Geometrical Changes of the Root Canal System Produced by TF Adaptive vs. BioRace: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030531. [PMID: 33499266 PMCID: PMC7865356 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the morpho-geometric changes of the root canal system created by two rotary systems (TF Adaptive and BioRace) using micro-CT technology. Two concepts of rotary file system kinematics, continuous rotation and adaptive kinematics, were used in root canal preparation. Twenty mandibular molars (n = 20) were selected with the following criteria: the teeth have mesial roots with a single and continuous isthmus connecting the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals (Vertucci’s Type I configuration) and distal roots with independent canals. Teeth were scanned at a resolution of 14 μm. Canals were divided equally into two groups and then enlarged sequentially using the BioRace system and TF Adaptive system according to manufacturer protocol. Co-registered images, before and after preparation, were evaluated for morphometric measurements of canal surface area, volume, structure model index, thickness, straightening, and un-instrumented surface area. Before and after preparation, data were statistically analyzed using a paired sample t-test. After preparation, data were analyzed using an unpaired sample test. The preparation by both systems significantly changed canal surface area, volume, structure model index, and thickness in both systems. There were no significant differences between instrument types with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). TF Adaptive was associated with less straightening (8% compared with 17% for BioRace in the mesial canal, p > 0.05). Both instrumentation systems produced canal preparations with adequate geometrical changes. BioRace straightened the mesial canals more than TF Adaptive.
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Drukteinis S, Peciuliene V, Bendinskaite R, Brukiene V, Maneliene R, Rutkunas V. Shaping and Centering Ability, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Fractographic Analysis of Three Thermally Treated NiTi Endodontic Instrument Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5823. [PMID: 33371244 PMCID: PMC7766619 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The better understanding of the clinically important behavioral features of new instrument systems has an important significance for the clinical endodontics. This study aimed to investigate the shaping and centering ability as well as cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex CM (CM), HyFlex EDM (EDM) and EdgeFile (EF) thermally treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic instrument systems. Sixty curved root canals of the mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 20) and shaped using CM, EDM and EF files up to the size 40 and taper 04 of the instruments. µCT scanning of the specimens before and after preparation was performed and the morphometric 2D and 3D parameters were evaluated in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of root canals. In each group, 40.04 instruments (n = 20) were subjected to the cyclic fatigue resistance test in artificial root canals at 37 °C temperature until fractures occurred, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The fractographic analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, evaluating topographic features and surface profiles of the separated instruments. The one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tuckey's test was used for statistical analysis of the data; the significance level was set at 5%. All systems prepared the comparable percentage of root canal surface with the similar magnitude of canal transportation in all root thirds (p > 0.05), but demonstrated significantly different resistance to cyclic fatigue (p < 0.05). The most resistant to fracture was EF, followed by EDM and CM. The length of the fractured fragments was not significantly different between the groups, and fractographic analysis by SEM detected the typical topographic features of separated thermally treated NiTi instrument surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Drukteinis
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Zalgirio 115, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania; (V.P.); (R.B.); (V.B.); (R.M.); (V.R.)
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Analysis of second mesiobuccal root canal instrumentation in maxillary first molars with three nickel-titanium rotary instruments: a micro-computed tomographic study. Odontology 2020; 109:496-505. [PMID: 33175279 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the shaping characteristics of Protaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Johnson City, TN), Hero Shaper (HS; MicroMega, Besacon, France) and Hyflex CM (HCM; Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland) nickel-titanium systems with various apical sizes and tapers in second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal instrumentation using micro-computed tomographic imaging. A total of 27 maxillary first molars with independent patent MB2 canals were selected and randomly assigned to three groups according to the 3-dimensional morphologic aspects obtained from preoperative micro-computed tomographic scans. Canals were first negotiated with a size 8 K-file and finally prepared to F1, F2, and F3 with PTU and to sizes 20.04 taper, 25.04 taper, and 30.04 taper with HS and HCM. Postoperative scans were performed after each instrumentation with the same parameters used in the initial scan. The canal volume, canal transportation, untouched canal surface and wall thickness were measured and calculated using Mimics 10.01 software (Image Works, Materialise, Belgium). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance post hoc LSD tests. PTU removed more dentin than HS and HCM in all sections when instrumented to the same apical size (P < 0.05). HS and HCM presented a lower mean value of canal transportation than PTU in all measured sizes and sections. PTU presented a lower mean value of distal wall thickness than HS and HCM at the level of 1 and 2 mm below the furcation region in all measured sizes. In conclusion, for MB2 canal instrumentation, HS and HCM of 0.04 taper are safer than PTU.
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Razcha C, Zacharopoulos A, Anestis D, Mikrogeorgis G, Zacharakis G, Lyroudia K. Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of 4 Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Systems. J Endod 2020; 46:675-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Ever since their introduction, nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloys have continued to revolutionize the field of endodontics. They have considerable advantages over the conventional stainless steel file in terms of mechanical properties. However, despite of their superior mechanical properties, NiTi alloys still pose some risk of fracture. Consequently, there has been considerable research conducted to investigate the mechanisms behind the occurrence of these procedural errors. Since the last decade, different proprietary processing procedures have been introduced to further improve the mechanical properties of NiTi alloys. These treatments include thermal, mechanical, electropolishing, and recently introduced electric discharge machining. The main purpose of these treatments is to impart a more martensitic phase into the files at normal body temperature, so that the maximum advantage of flexibility can be obtained. These heat-treated instruments also possess improved cyclic fatigue resistance when compared to conventional NiTi alloys. NiTi alloys can be subclassified as the instruments mainly containing austenitic phase (conventional NiTi, M-wire, R-phase), and those containing martensitic phase (controlled memory wire, ProTaper Gold, and Vortex Blue). Instruments based on austenitic alloys possess superelastic properties due to the stress-induced martensitic transformation. Contrary to this, martensitic alloys can easily be deformed due to phase transformation, and they can demonstrate the shape memory effect when heated. This review discusses the different phase transformations and heat treatments that the NiTi instruments undergo.
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de Cristofaro Almeida G, Aun DP, Resende PD, Peixoto IFDC, Viana ACD, Buono VTL, de Azevedo Bahia MG. Comparative analysis of torque and apical force to assess the cutting behaviour of ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal endodontic instruments. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:52-59. [PMID: 31087492 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the cutting properties of two Nickel Titanium file systems with different designs and manufacturing materials. ProTaper Next X1 and X2 (PTN; Dentsply Sirona) and ProTaper Universal S2 and F1 (PTU; Dentsply Sirona) instruments were employed. The cutting parameters, that is torque and apical forces, were determined using a specially designed bench-testing machine. Dimensional and geometric parameters were considered to evaluate the results. The average maximum torque values showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) among all instruments. Apical force for PTN X2 and PTU F1 instruments initially decreased and then experienced a rapid increase in the last 2 mm of the canal. For PTN X1 and PTU S2, apical force increased during the entire test. When compared to PTU files, PTN required higher torque and apical forces during the shaping procedure. The results lead us to conclude that PTN instruments demonstrated a lower cutting efficiency than PTU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Cristofaro Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Diego Pinheiro Aun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Damas Resende
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabella Faria da Cunha Peixoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília Diniz Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Guiomar de Azevedo Bahia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Huang Z, Quan J, Liu J, Zhang W, Zhang X, Hu X. A microcomputed tomography evaluation of the shaping ability of three thermally-treated nickel-titanium rotary file systems in curved canals. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:325-334. [PMID: 30282507 PMCID: PMC6384480 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518801451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the shaping ability of three thermally-treated rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems including ProTaper Next (PTN), HyFlex™ CM (HFCM) and HyFlex™ EDM (HFEDM) during root canal preparation in simulated root canals. METHODS A total of 45 simulated root canals were divided into three groups ( n = 15) and prepared with PTN, HFCM or HFEDM files up to size 25. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) was used to scan the specimens before and after instrumentation. Volume and diameter changes, transportations and centring ratios at 11 levels of the simulated root canals were measured and compared. RESULTS HFEDM caused significantly greater volume increases than HFCM and PTN in the entire root canal and in the apical and middle thirds. HFCM removed the least amount of resin in the coronal third compared with HFEDM and PTN. Overall, HFCM caused significantly less transportation in the apical 2 mm and was better centred than PTN in the apical 3 mm. CONCLUSION Under the conditions of this study, all systems prepared curved canals without significant shaping errors and instrument fracture. PTN and HFCM cut less resin than HFEDM. HFCM stayed centred apically and cut the least material coronally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwei Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Gavini G, Santos MD, Caldeira CL, Machado MEDL, Freire LG, Iglecias EF, Peters OA, Candeiro GTDM. Nickel-titanium instruments in endodontics: a concise review of the state of the art. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e67. [PMID: 30365608 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of automated instrumentation in endodontics represented a major advance in progress for this specialty, with improvements in the quality and predictability of root canal preparation and a significant reduction in procedural errors. In recent years, endodontic instruments have undergone a series of changes brought about by modifications in design, surface treatments, and thermal treatments. In addition, new movements have also been incorporated to offer greater safety and efficiency, optimizing the properties of the NiTi alloy, especially through eccentric rotary motion. An understanding of the mechanical properties of these new NiTi instruments and their effect on the clinical performance of root canal preparation is essential if dental practitioners are to select the instruments that provide optimal clinical outcomes, especially in curved or flattened canals. The objective of this literature review is to present and discuss the characteristics of the NiTi alloys used in the major instrumentation systems available in the market, as well as the influence of the metallurgical and mechanical properties of NiTi instruments and the movements that drive them, to enable more accurate and predictable planning of root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gavini
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Luis Caldeira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laila Gonzales Freire
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Faga Iglecias
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ove Andrea Peters
- University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Christofzik D, Bartols A, Faheem MK, Schroeter D, Groessner-Schreiber B, Doerfer CE. Shaping ability of four root canal instrumentation systems in simulated 3D-printed root canal models. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201129. [PMID: 30067792 PMCID: PMC6070255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of four root canal preparation systems in newly developed 3D-printed root canal models. Materials and methods For this study, 1080 3D-printed acrylic resin blocks with nine different root canal configurations were produced. They were prepared with Reciproc R25 (#25), F6 SkyTaper (#25 and #30) F360 (#25 and #35) and One Shape (#25) (N = 30 per system). Pre- and post-instrumentation images were superimposed for evaluation of the centering ratio of the different systems. Ledges, instrument fractures and preparation times were also recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey tests were conducted, comparing the mean canal centering ratios and the mean preparation times. Results There were significant differences between all systems regarding the centering ratios in the different root canal configurations (ANOVA p < 0.001). The root canal configuration had considerable effect on the centering ratio of the instruments. The best overall mean centering ratios were achieved with F6 SkyTaper #25 instruments especially in canal configurations with big curvature angles and radii, while F360 #35 was least centered especially in canals with small curvature angles and radii. Most ledges occurred with OneShape, while it was the significantly (p < 0.001) fastest preparation system (86.7 s (SD 13.53)) and Reciproc the significantly (p < 0.001) slowest (103.0 s (SD 20.67)). Conclusion 3D-printed root canals are suitable to produce challenging canal configurations and to investigate the limitations of root canal instruments. We found that all instruments caused canal transportations. However, F6 SkyTaper #25 files had better overall centering ratios than the other instruments. In canal configurations with small curvature radii, the centering ratio of some instruments is low and the probability for ledges is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Christofzik
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Andreas Bartols
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Khaled Faheem
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Doreen Schroeter
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Birte Groessner-Schreiber
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christof E. Doerfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Cui Z, Wei Z, Du M, Yan P, Jiang H. Shaping ability of protaper next compared with waveone in late-model three-dimensional printed teeth. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:115. [PMID: 29940905 PMCID: PMC6019729 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Comparison of the shaping ability of advanced nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments is of great interest to the field of endodontics. However, the models used to study canal preparation still lack uniformity, relevance to reality and complexity. The aim of this study was thus to compare the shaping abilities of the ProTaper Next (PN) and WaveOne (WO) Ni-Ti instruments in three-dimensional (3D)-printed teeth, which may overcome the present defects of most real teeth and model teeth including 3D S-shaped canals. Methods Six teeth and their corresponding 3D-printed replicas were prepared using the same kind of Ni-Ti instrument. The pre- and post-preparation volumes, surface areas and transportation of the canals were measured to compare the teeth with their replicas. Twenty 3D-printed teeth with S-shaped canals were used to support the preparation study. The S-shaped canals were then scanned to measure their volumes and surface areas. Next, the two kinds of instruments were used to prepare the 3D-printed canals (n = 10 per group). The volume and surface area of the canals, the transportation along the two curvatures and the percentage of unprepared surface area were measured. Micro-CT and VGstudio2.2 (VG2.2) software were used to perform scans and collect data throughout the research. The paired-samples T test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the real canals and the printed ones post-preparation (P > .05). The printed S-shaped root canals had a unified shape, with a small standard deviation and range. The WO group had higher mean values for the volume and superficial area measurements compared with the PN group (P < .05). No differences in the untouched areas were found between the two systems (P > .05). PN caused less transportation at the apical curve than WO did (P < .05). Conclusions In conclusion, 3D-printed teeth are suitable for the study of Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Furthermore, the PN rotary system caused less transportation at the apical curve than the WO system did in complicated root canal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cui
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan City, 237, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Dentistry, Second Hospital of Baoding, 338 Dongfeng West Road, Baoding, China
| | - Minquan Du
- Department of Prevention Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan City, 237, China.
| | - Han Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road, Wuhan City, 237, China.
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Yammine S, Jabbour E, Diemer F, Majzoub Z. Canal Straightening Following Overinstrumentation with Three Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:245-251. [PMID: 29911063 PMCID: PMC5985682 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present in vitro study to compare canal straightening following shaping of curved canals with three types of new generation nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments-ProTaper Next (PTN)®, BT RaCe (BTR)®, and WaveOne Gold (WOG)®- and three different levels of protrusion beyond the major apical foramen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five extracted human maxillary and mandibular molars with at least one curved canal were distributed in three comparable groups of 15 canals each. The canals were instrumented to the major foramen and then overinstrumented with the final file 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm beyond the foramen using PTN (Group PTN = 15), BTR (Group BTR = 15), and WOG (Group WOG = 15). Standardized pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs of the root canal were obtained for all groups using digital intraoral radiographs coupled with software. Differences in the degree of curvature were regarded as straightening and canal curvature was evaluated based on Schneider technique using the AmScope software for measurements and compared between groups and levels of instrumentation applying Mixed-model ANOVA. Significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS Canal curvature tended to gradually straighten out as the level of instrumentation increased in all three groups without statistically significant difference among the groups (P = 0.826). CONCLUSION Overinstrumentation in curved canals resulted in straightening of the canal curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Yammine
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edgard Jabbour
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Franck Diemer
- Université Paul Sabatier, Institut Clément Ader, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - Zeina Majzoub
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zupanc J, Vahdat-Pajouh N, Schäfer E. New thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys - a review. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1088-1103. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zupanc
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry; Westphalian Wilhelms-University; Münster Germany
| | - N. Vahdat-Pajouh
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry; Westphalian Wilhelms-University; Münster Germany
| | - E. Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry; Münster Germany
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Xu K, Wang J, Wang K, Gen N, Li J. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the effect of the final apical size prepared by rotary nickel-titanium files on the removal efficacy of hard-tissue debris. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2219-2229. [PMID: 29584511 PMCID: PMC6023043 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518757607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to compare the removal efficacy of hard-tissue debris in mandibular first molars prepared to various apical sizes. Methods The mesial root canals of 40 extracted mandibular first molars were prepared by rotary nickel-titanium files to an apical size of #25/0.04 (Group #2504), #30/0.04 (Group #3004), #35/0.04 (Group #3504), and #40/0.04 (Group #4004). Irrigation was performed with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Micro-computed tomography was used to scan the samples before and after root canal preparation. Remnant hard-tissue debris was identified, quantified, and visualized three-dimensionally using shape recognition and image superimposition analysis, and the debris was mapped to its location. Results After preparation, 11.67%±2.99% of the root canals contained hard-tissue debris in Group #2504, 8.00%±2.71% in Group #3004, 7.17%±2.88% in Group #3504, and 4.51%±1.61% in Group #4004. The amount of accumulated hard-tissue debris was significantly less in Group #4004 than in the other groups. However, there were no significant differences between Groups #3004 and #3504. Conclusions An increased final apical size resulted in significantly lower debris accumulation. However, no root canal in any group was completely free from hard-tissue debris, and debris was mostly found in the isthmus of the mesial root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Gen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jin Li, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Pedrinha VF, Brandão JMDS, Pessoa OF, Rodrigues PDA. Influence of File Motion on Shaping, Apical Debris Extrusion and Dentinal Defects: A Critical Review. Open Dent J 2018. [PMID: 29541265 PMCID: PMC5842382 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in endodontics have enabled the evolution of file manufacturing processes, improving performance beyond that of conventional files. In the present study, systems manufactured using state of the art methods and possessing special properties related to NiTi alloys (i.e., CM-Wire, M-Wire and R-Phase) were selected. The aim of this review was to provide a detailed analysis of the literature about the relationship between recently introduced NiTi files with different movement kinematics and shaping ability, apical extrusion of debris and dentin defects in root canal preparations. From March 2016 to January 2017, electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed and SCOPUS databases for articles published since January 2010. In vitro studies performed on extracted human teeth and published in English were considered for this review. Based on the inclusion criteria, 71 papers were selected for the analysis of full-text copies. Specific analysis was performed on 45 articles describing the effects of reciprocating, continuous and adaptive movements on the WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, HyFlex CM and Twisted File Adaptive systems. A wide range of testing conditions and methodologies have been used to compare the systems. Due the controversies among the results, the characteristics of the files used, such as their design and alloys, appear to be inconsistent to determine the best approach.
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Versiani MA, Carvalho KK, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Sousa-Neto MD. Micro–computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of XP-endo Shaper, iRaCe, and EdgeFile Systems in Long Oval-shaped Canals. J Endod 2018; 44:489-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pinheiro SR, Alcalde MP, Vivacqua-Gomes N, Bramante CM, Vivan RR, Duarte MH, Vasconcelos BC. Evaluation of apical transportation and centring ability of five thermally treated NiTi rotary systems. Int Endod J 2017; 51:705-713. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. P. Alcalde
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - N. Vivacqua-Gomes
- School of Dentistry of Ceará; São Leopoldo Mandic University; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - C. M. Bramante
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - R. R. Vivan
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - M. A. H. Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - B. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru Dental School; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
- School of Dentistry of Sobral; Federal University of Ceará; Sobral CE Brazil
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Comparing ProFile Vortex to ProTaper Next for the efficacy of removal of root filling material: An ex vivo micro-computed tomography study. Saudi Dent J 2017; 30:63-69. [PMID: 30166873 PMCID: PMC6112351 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study compared the efficacy of ProFile Vortex (PV) with that of ProTaper Next (PTN) for the removal of root canal filling material. Materials and methods Twenty-six mesial canals of extracted mandibular first molars were instrumented, obturated with gutta-percha and sealant, and randomly allocated to a PTN (X3, X2, or X1) or PV group. The percentage of remaining material, amount of dentin removed, and extent of transportation were assessed using micro-computed tomography. The total time required for removal of material was calculated. Results Both systems were effective for material removal (p ≤ 0.001). Less time was required to remove material using PV (256.43 ± 108.95 s) than using PTN (333.31 ± 81.63 s; p ≤ 0.05). PV and PTN files removed approximately 84% and 78% of the filling material, respectively (p > .05). There was no significant canal transportation in either group. PV and PTN files removed 1.32 ± 0.48 mm3 and 1.63 ± 0.67 mm3 of the dentin, respectively (p = .18). Conclusion Our findings suggest that PV is as effective as PTN for removal of root canal filling material. Therefore, PV can be considered for use in endodontic retreatment, although more effective files or techniques are still required.
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Li ML, Liao WL, Cai HX. A micro-computed tomographic evaluation of dentinal microcrack alterations during root canal preparation using single-file Ni-Ti systems. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:494-499. [PMID: 29387202 PMCID: PMC5769226 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the length of dentinal microcracks observed prior to and following root canal preparation with different single-file nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) systems using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. A total of 80 mesial roots of mandibular first molars presenting with type II Vertucci canal configurations were scanned at an isotropic resolution of 7.4 µm. The samples were randomly assigned into four groups (n=20 per group) according to the system used for root canal preparation, including the WaveOne (WO), OneShape (OS), Reciproc (RE) and control groups. A second micro-CT scan was conducted after the root canals were prepared with size 25 instruments. Pre- and postoperative cross-section images of the roots (n=237,760) were then screened to identify the lengths of the microcracks. The results indicated that the microcrack lengths were notably increased following root canal preparation (P<0.05). The alterations in microcrack length in the OS group were more significant compared with those in the WO, RE and control groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the formation and development of dentinal microcracks may be associated with the movement caused by preparation rather than the taper of the files. Among the single-file Ni-Ti systems, WO and RE were not observed to cause notable microcracks, while the OS system resulted in evident microcracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Haizhu Square Branch, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Li Liao
- Zhujiang New Town Dental Clinic, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Xiong Cai
- Zhujiang New Town Dental Clinic, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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Lopes RMV, Marins FC, Belladonna FG, Souza EM, De-Deus G, Lopes RT, Silva EJNL. Untouched canal areas and debris accumulation after root canal preparation with rotary and adaptive systems. AUST ENDOD J 2017; 44:260-266. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Vianna Lopes
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO); Duque de Caxias Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cunha Marins
- Department of Endodontics; School of Dentistry; Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO); Duque de Caxias Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Dentistry II; Federal University of Maranhão; São Luis Maranhão Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Alrahabi M. Shaping ability of several nickel–titanium systems in double-curved simulated canals. GIORNALE ITALIANO DI ENDODONZIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Özyürek T, Yılmaz K, Uslu G. Shaping Ability of Reciproc, WaveOne GOLD, and HyFlex EDM Single-file Systems in Simulated S-shaped Canals. J Endod 2017; 43:805-809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Venino PM, Citterio CL, Pellegatta A, Ciccarelli M, Maddalone M. A Micro–computed Tomography Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of Two Nickel-titanium Instruments, HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Next. J Endod 2017; 43:628-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mamede-Neto I, Borges AH, Guedes OA, de Oliveira D, Pedro FLM, Estrela C. Root Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Mandibular Premolars Assessed Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. Open Dent J 2017; 11:71-78. [PMID: 28357000 PMCID: PMC5345325 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), transportation and centralization of different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments. Methods: One hundred and twenty eight mandibular premolars were selected and instrumented using the following brands of NiTi files: WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, Mtwo, BioRaCe and RaCe. CBCT imaging was performed before and after root canal preparation to obtain measurements of mesial and distal dentin walls and calculations of root canal transportation and centralization. A normal distribution of data was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests, and results were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: ProTaper Gold produced the lowest canal transportation values, and RaCe, the highest. ProTaper Gold files also showed the highest values for centering ability, whereas BioRaCe showed the lowest. No significant differences were found across the different instruments in terms of canal transportation and centering ability (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the methodology employed, all instruments used for root canal preparation of mandibular premolars performed similarly with regard to canal transportation and centering ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iussif Mamede-Neto
- Federal University of Goiás Praça Universitária s/n, Setor Universitário, 74605-220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Henrique Borges
- University of Cuiaba, Avenida Manoel José de Arruda 3.100, Jardim Europa, 78065-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Orlando Aguirre Guedes
- University of Cuiaba, Avenida Manoel José de Arruda 3.100, Jardim Europa, 78065-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Durvalino de Oliveira
- University of Cuiaba, Avenida Manoel José de Arruda 3.100, Jardim Europa, 78065-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luis Miranda Pedro
- University of Cuiaba, Avenida Manoel José de Arruda 3.100, Jardim Europa, 78065-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Federal University of Goiás Praça Universitária s/n, Setor Universitário, 74605-220 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Yammine S, Jabbour E, Nahas P, Majzoub Z. Foramen Changes following Over Instrumentation of Curved Canals with Three Engine-Driven Instruments: An In Vitro Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2017; 12:454-461. [PMID: 29225641 PMCID: PMC5722120 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v12i4.16268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the changes in shape and surface area of the major foramen following shaping of curved canals with three new generation NiTi engine-driven instruments naming ProTaper Next, BT RaCe and WaveOne Gold- with 3 different levels of protrusion beyond the major apical foramen. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 45 extracted human molars with at least one curved canal were distributed in 3 comparable groups of 15 that were instrumented using either ProTaper Next (PTN), BT RaCe (BTR) or WaveOne Gold (WOG). The canals were instrumented to the major foramen and then over instrumented with the final file 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 1.5 mm beyond the foramen. Standardized pre- and post-instrumentation photographs of the foramen were obtained for all groups using a stereomicroscope. Foramen shape and surface area were evaluated using the AmScope software for measurements and compared between groups and levels of instrumentation applying binary conditional logistic regression and repeated measures ANOVA. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS Foramen shape tended to gradually change from circular to oval as the level of instrumentation increased in all groups. The original foramen shape in WOG group remained better than other groups. Foramen surface areas increased in all groups with Group BTR demonstrating significantly greater values than the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION Over instrumentation resulted in apical enlargement and ovalization in all 3 groups but with different patterns. These differences can be attributed to the final file size, design characteristics and kinematics of the 3 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Yammine
- Department of Endodontics, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Edgard Jabbour
- Department of Endodontics, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Paul Nahas
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Zeina Majzoub
- Department of Periodontology, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
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Apical transportation during removal of root canal filling with different retreatment systems. Int J Artif Organs 2016; 39:541-545. [PMID: 27901556 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare apical transportation during retreatment using ProTaper Universal retreatment (PTUR), Mtwo R and D-RaCe instruments in curved root canals. METHODS 36 extracted mandibular molar teeth with curved mesiobuccal roots were selected. The teeth were embedded into acrylic blocks. The blocks were fixed on the experimental setup. After determining the working length (WL), mesiobuccal canals were prepared with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments to size F1 (20/0.06). After the obturation, the teeth were randomly divided into groups; the PTUR files were used as D1 (30/0.09) for coronal third and D2 (25/0.08) at WL. Mtwo R files, R1 (15/0.05) and R2 (25/0.05) were used at WL. D-RaCe files were used as DR1 (30/.10) in cervical third and DR2 (25/0.04) at WL. Image J analysis software was used to measure the apical transportation. Differences between the 3 groups were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups in the apical transportation in either the mesiodistal (p = 0.166) or buccolingual (p = 0.518) direction. Among the 3 groups, the apical transportation was the greatest in the D-RaCe group. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that all retreatment systems caused a similar level of apical transportation.
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Gu Y, Kum KY, Perinpanayagam H, Kim C, Kum DJ, Lim SM, Chang SW, Baek SH, Zhu Q, Yoo YJ. Various heat-treated nickel-titanium rotary instruments evaluated in S-shaped simulated resin canals. J Dent Sci 2016; 12:14-20. [PMID: 30895018 PMCID: PMC6395266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Heat treatment of nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloy produces a better arrangement of the crystal structure, thereby leading to increased flexibility and improved fatigue resistance or plastic behavior. This study aimed to assess the performance of various heat-treated NiTi rotary instruments in S-shaped resin canals. Materials and methods Forty S-shaped resin canals were instrumented (10/group) with either Twisted Files (R-phase), WaveOne (M-wire), Hyflex CM, or V Taper 2H (CM-wire) with the same apical size and taper (25/0.08). Each S-shaped resin canal was scanned both before and after instrumentation with microcomputed tomography. Changes in canal volume and transportation were evaluated at regular intervals (0.5 mm). Differences between instruments at the apical curve, coronal curve, and straight portion of the canals were analyzed statistically. Results All tested instruments caused more transportation at the coronal rather than apical curvatures, with the exception of Twisted Files for which apical transportation was the highest for any instrument or location (P < 0.05). The transportation was mostly influenced by the alloy type rather than their cross-sectional characteristics (P < 0.05). The volumetric increase after instrumentation was similar for all tested instruments at the apical curve (P > 0.05), whereas Hyflex CM created the most conservative preparations at the coronal curve (P < 0.05). At the straight portion, volumetric changes were largest for Twisted Files and smallest for V Taper 2H (P < 0.05). Conclusion Amongst heat-treated NiTi instruments, the CM-wire based instruments created the most favorable preparations in S-shaped resin canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sang-Min Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Woo Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Saberi N, Patel S, Mannocci F. Comparison of centring ability and transportation between four nickel titanium instrumentation techniques by micro-computed tomography. Int Endod J 2016; 50:595-603. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Saberi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| | - S. Patel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
| | - F. Mannocci
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontology; King's College London Dental Institute; London UK
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Izadi A, Shahravan A, Shabani Nejad H. Physical Properties of Five Brands of K-Files. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2016; 11:114-8. [PMID: 27141219 PMCID: PMC4841346 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic K-files are major tools for cleaning and shaping of the root canal systems. As there are various K-files available in Iranian market, the physical properties of the five available brands were investigated to assist the clinician when selecting suitable endodontic K-files according to the intended application. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physical properties (including debris creation, machinery defect and corrosion) of the selected K-files were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) under ×250 magnification. For evaluating the flutes number, a stereomicroscope was used with ×40 magnification. RESULTS Maximum and minimum debris and corrosion were observed in the Larmrose and Perfect K-files, respectively. Dentsply showed the least machinery defects. Other brands had intermediary properties. In addition, Larmrose K-files showed the maximum flutes number compared to the other brands. CONCLUSION According to the results, none of the K-files had the ideal properties. More studies regarding the physical properties of the K-files and their clinical efficacy are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Izadi
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Arash Shahravan
- Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Santa-Rosa J, de Sousa-Neto MD, Versiani MA, Nevares G, Xavier F, Romeiro K, Cassimiro M, Leoni GB, de Menezes RF, Albuquerque D. Shaping Ability of Single-file Systems with Different Movements: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2016; 11:228-33. [PMID: 27471537 PMCID: PMC4947850 DOI: 10.7508/iej.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to perform a rigorous sample standardization and also evaluate the preparation of mesiobuccal (MB) root canals of maxillary molars with severe curvatures using two single-file engine-driven systems (WaveOne with reciprocating motion and OneShape with rotary movement), using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods and Materials: Ten MB roots with single canals were included, uniformly distributed into two groups (n=5). The samples were prepared with a WaveOne or OneShape files. The shaping ability and amount of canal transportation were assessed by a comparison of the pre- and post-instrumentation micro-CT scans. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Instrumentation of canals increased their surface area and volume. Canal transportation occurred in coronal, middle and apical thirds and no statistical difference was observed between the two systems (P>0.05). In apical third, significant differences were found between groups in canal roundness (in 3 mm level) and perimeter (in 3 and 4 mm levels) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The WaveOne and One Shape single-file systems were able to shape curved root canals, producing minor changes in the canal curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joedy Santa-Rosa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurelio Versiani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Giselle Nevares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Felipe Xavier
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kaline Romeiro
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcely Cassimiro
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Graziela Bianchi Leoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Ferraz de Menezes
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diana Albuquerque
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College of Pernambuco, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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da Silva Limoeiro AG, dos Santos AHB, De Martin AS, Kato AS, Fontana CE, Gavini G, Freire LG, da Silveira Bueno CE. Micro-Computed Tomographic Evaluation of 2 Nickel-Titanium Instrument Systems in Shaping Root Canals. J Endod 2016; 42:496-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Pedullà E, Plotino G, Grande NM, Avarotti G, Gambarini G, Rapisarda E, Mannocci F. Shaping ability of two nickel–titanium instruments activated by continuous rotation or adaptive motion: a micro-computed tomography study. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2227-2233. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu W, Wu B. Root Canal Surface Strain and Canal Center Transportation Induced by 3 Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instrument Systems. J Endod 2016; 42:299-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Elemam RF, Capelas JA, Vaz MAP, Viriato N, Pereira ML, Azevedo A, West J. Evaluating Transportation by Comparing Several uses of Rotary Endodontic Files. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:927-32. [PMID: 27018025 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the frequent use of ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) systems on shaping ability of root canal utilizing Solidworks (2014, Dassault Systemes) software. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six root canals in clear resin blocks (Dentsply-Maillefer) were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 36). Six new sets of PTN instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used six times to shape the resin blocks. A #15 K-file was inserted to the working length (WL), followed by ProGlider (PG) to create a glide path. Sequential use of PTN instrumentation in a crown-down technique was used to reach size (30/07) apically. Macroscopic photos of the blocks were taken before and after instrumentation, layered by Paint Shop Pro 9 from JascSoftware, and then canal transportation was measured using Solidwork 2014. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Multivariate statistical analysis general linear model (GLM) was also applied. Bonferroni correction test was used in multiple comparisons and the statistical significance was set to 0.05. RESULTS There was no difference in canal transportation resulted from utilizing PTN files after six multiple uses; in addition, the PTN files showed ability to maintain the original canal anatomy, especially in the apical level, where lowest total mean value of canal center displacement was seen (3 mm level) (0.019 ± 0.017). CONCLUSION ProTaper Next files can be used to prepare single and multiple canals in a single furcated tooth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ProTaper Next nickel-titanium (NiTi) file system is a safe instrument that respects the canal shape, allows practitioners to treat difficult cases with good results, and low risk of separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya F Elemam
- PhD, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva 4200-393, Porto, Portugal Phone: +351 92005818, e-mail:
| | - J A Capelas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A P Vaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Viriato
- Laboratory of Optics and Experimental Mechanics, INEGI-Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management Porto, Portugal
| | - M L Pereira
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, EPI Unit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Azevedo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, EPI Unit-Institute of Public Health University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - John West
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Washington, USA
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45
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Shen SM, Deng M, Wang PP, Chen XM, Zheng LW, Li HL. Deformation and fracture of K3 rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments after clinical use. Int Endod J 2015; 49:1088-1094. [PMID: 26466821 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to evaluate the incidence and type of defects that occurred with K3 rotary nickel-titanium instruments during routine clinical use. METHODOLOGY A total of 2397 K3 (G-PACKS, SybronEndo, West Collins, Orange, CA, USA) instruments were collected from a graduate endodontic clinic over 21 months. All the instruments were limited to a maximum use of 30 canal preparations. The collected instruments were measured by a digital caliper to determine whether any fractures had occurred and then were visually inspected for deformation and fracture under a stereomicroscope. The surfaces of fractured instruments were further evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Data were analysed using chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The incidence of instrument defect was 5.63%, consisting of 3.59% fractures and 2.05% deformations. The defect rates of 0.04 and 0.06 files were statistically higher than the other taper groups (P < 0.003) except for 0.08 files (P > 0.05). For the fractured instruments, 63.95% failed from flexural fatigue, whilst 36.05% failed from torsion. CONCLUSION Flexural fracture was the major mode of fracture for instruments with larger taper. A routine check for instrument integrity particularly for 0.04 and 0.06 files at high magnification is recommended after each clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shen
- Department of Endodontic and Operative Dentistry, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - X M Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Endodontic and Operative Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China.
| | - L W Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontic and Operative Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - H L Li
- Department of Endodontic and Operative Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
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46
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Evaluation of the Shaping Characteristics of ProTaper Gold, ProTaper NEXT, and ProTaper Universal in Curved Canals. J Endod 2015; 41:1718-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Hiran-us S, Pimkhaokham S, Sawasdichai J, Ebihara A, Suda H. Shaping ability of ProTaper NEXT, ProTaper Universal and iRace files in simulated S-shaped canals. AUST ENDOD J 2015; 42:32-6. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirawut Hiran-us
- Graduate School; Department of Operative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Somsinee Pimkhaokham
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Jirapat Sawasdichai
- Graduate School; Department of Operative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Arata Ebihara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics; Division of Oral Health Sciences; Medical and Dental Sciences Track; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideaki Suda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics; Division of Oral Health Sciences; Medical and Dental Sciences Track; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU); Tokyo Japan
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48
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Ferrara G, Taschieri S, Corbella S, Ceci C, Del Fabbro M, Machtou P. Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of two different nickel-titanium rotary files in curved root canals of extracted human molar teeth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8. [PMID: 26343421 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the shaping ability of two different nickel-titanium rotary files in the curved root canals of extracted human molar teeth. METHODS Thirty root canals of 17 extracted human molars teeth were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n = 15): ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal (PTU), on the basis of the rotary files system used. The final size of all apical foramina was 0.25 mm in diameter. Standardized digital radiographs were taken before and after instrumentation in both clinical and proximal views, with a size 10 K-file inserted into the canal for the determination of the angle of curvature and apical transportation. Preparation time and fractured or deformed instruments were also recorded. The unpaired Student's t-test was used to compare results. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the two instruments with respect to canal straightening and apical transportation before and after instrumentation (P > 0.05). The use of both instruments resulted in a significant reduction in the angle of curvature after instrumentation (P < 0.05). Instrumentation time was significantly greater for PTU (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ProTaper Universal and ProTaper Next systems performed similarly with regard to the straightening of curved root canals and apical transportation. ProTaper Next was significantly faster than ProTaper Universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Corbella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Ceci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Machtou
- Université Paris 7 Diderot, Unité de Formation et de Recherche d'odontologie, Paris, France
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49
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Türker SA, Uzunoğlu E. Apical root canal transportation of different pathfinding systems and their effects on shaping ability of ProTaper Next. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e392-5. [PMID: 26330936 PMCID: PMC4554239 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare glide path preparation of different pathfinding systems and their effects on the apical transportation of ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in mesial root canals of extracted human mandibular molars, using digital subtraction radiography. Material and Methods The mesial canals of 40 mandibular first molars (with curvature angles between 25° and 35°) were selected for this study. The specimens were divided randomly into 4 groups with 10 canals each. Glide paths were created in group 1 with #10, #15 and #20 K-type (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) stainless steel manual files; in group 2 with Path-File (Dentsply Maillefer) #1, #2, and #3 and in group 3 with #16 ProGlider (Dentsply Maillefer) rotary instruments; in group 4 no glide paths were created. All canals were instrumented up to ProTaper Next X2 to the working length. A double digital radiograph technique was used, pre and post-instrumentation, to assess whether apical transportation and/or aberration in root canal morphology occurred. Instrument failures were also recorded. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results No significant differences were found among groups regarding apical transportation (p>0.05). Two ProTaper Next instruments failed in-group 4. Conclusions Within the parameters of this study, there was no difference between the performance of path-finding files and ProTaper Next system maintained root canal curvature well and was safe to use either with path-finding files or alone. Key words:Glide path, PathFile, ProGlider, ProTaper Next, transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinç-Aktemur Türker
- DDS, PhD, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Emel Uzunoğlu
- DDS, PhD, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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50
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Uzunoglu E, Turker SA. Comparison of Canal Transportation, Centering Ratio by Cone-beam Computed Tomography after Preparation with Different File Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:360-5. [PMID: 26162254 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM One Shape Apical 1 (OSA 1) is a new file for preparing the apical aspect of the root canal after One Shape (OS, Micro Mega, Besançon, France). This study compared apical transportation and centering ratios in curved root canals, which were instrumented with ProTaper Next (PTN, Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) up to size X3 and with OS up to OSA 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight mesial canals of mandibular molars were assigned into two groups (n = 24) with respect to canal length and curvature. Root canals were accessed conventionally and preperation was completed with PTN files up to X3 or with OS up to OSA 1 according to the manufacturer's protocols. Apical transportation was assessed pre- and postinstrumentation using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm sections. A Friedman test was performed to assess the significance between file systems. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the file systems regarding apical transportation and centering ratio values (p > 0.05). Transportation in the mesial direction was greater than the distal transportation for both file systems. CONCLUSION Considering apical transportation and centering ratio in curved canals, two systems provided similar results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Preparation up to One Shape Apical 1 or ProTaper Next X3 was shown similar results regarding apical transportation and centering ratio. Both systems were safe to use in curved molar root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Uzunoglu
- Research Assistant Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey, Phone: +903123052260 e-mail:
| | - Sevinc Aktemur Turker
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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