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Miao M, Wu M, Li Y, Zhang L, Jin Q, Fan J, Xu X, Gu R, Hao H, Zhang A, Jia Z. Clinical Potential of Hypoxia Inducible Factors Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors in Treating Nonanemic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837249. [PMID: 35281917 PMCID: PMC8908211 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and their regulatory hydroxylases the prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs) are the key mediators of the cellular response to hypoxia. HIFs are normally hydroxylated by PHDs and degraded, while under hypoxia, PHDs are suppressed, allowing HIF-α to accumulate and transactivate multiple target genes, including erythropoiesis, and genes participate in angiogenesis, iron metabolism, glycolysis, glucose transport, cell proliferation, survival, and so on. Aiming at stimulating HIFs, a group of small molecules antagonizing HIF-PHDs have been developed. Of these HIF-PHDs inhibitors (HIF-PHIs), roxadustat (FG-4592), daprodustat (GSK-1278863), vadadustat (AKB-6548), molidustat (BAY 85-3934) and enarodustat (JTZ-951) are approved for clinical usage or have progressed into clinical trials for chronic kidney disease (CKD) anemia treatment, based on their activation effect on erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Since HIFs are involved in many physiological and pathological conditions, efforts have been made to extend the potential usage of HIF-PHIs beyond anemia. This paper reviewed the progress of preclinical and clinical research on clinically available HIF-PHIs in pathological conditions other than CKD anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingge Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li S, Tao W, Huang Z, Yan L, Chen B, Zeng C, Chen F. The Transcriptional Landscapes and Key Genes in Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Progression in a Venous Hypertension Rat Model Revealed by RNA Sequencing. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1381-1397. [PMID: 35250290 PMCID: PMC8893156 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s347754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are abnormal vascular lesions characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins without an intervening capillary bed. The primary goal for brain AVM treatment is to prevent rupture and hemorrhage; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Methods We constructed venous hypertension (VH) rat model with end-to-end anastomosis of the proximal left common carotid artery and the left distal external jugular vein. Thirty-eight adult rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the 0-week (n=5), the 1-week VH group (n=12), the 3-week VH group (n=9), and the 6-week VH group (n=12). We measured the hemodynamics and diameter of the arterialized veins. An RNA sequencing of arterialized veins was conducted, followed by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes and biological pathways involved in VH progression. The candidate genes from RNA-Seq were validated by RT-qPCR and immunostaining in human tissues. Results We observed high-flow and low resistance characteristics in VH models. A total of 317 upregulated and 258 downregulated common genes were consistently differentially expressed during VH progression. Thirteen co-expression modules were obtained by WGCNA analysis, and 4 key modules were identified. Thirteen genes: Adamts8, Adamtsl3, Spon2, Adamtsl2, Chad, Itga7, Comp, Itga8, Bmp6, Fst, Smad6, Smad7, Grem1, and Nog with differential expressions were identified using the density of maximum neighborhood component (DMNC) algorithm in Cytohubba. The expression of five potential genes (Adamts8, Adamtsl3, Spon2, Adamtsl2, Itga8) were increased in RT-qPCR, while in human bAVM tissue, the protein levels of Adamtsl2 and Itga8 were significant elevated and Spon2 and Adamtsl3 were decreased. Conclusion The identified gene networks of Adamtsl3, Spon2, Adamtsl2, and Itga8 provided key genes for further intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wengui Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Langchao Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chudai Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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de Almeida ERM, Martinelli ECL, Pereira EC, Raspantini LER, Hueza IM. Alternative method for oral administration of insoluble toxins to rats. A prenatal study of L-mimosine. Toxicon 2021; 202:82-89. [PMID: 34582830 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
L-mimosine is a compound found in Leucaena leucocephala, that is used as animal feed due to its high protein content, but it can also cause intoxication. Due to its low solubility in organic and aqueous solvents, its administration in laboratory animals is difficult, especially in delicate periods such as pregnancy. Thus, to circumvent such problems, this study proposes a stress-free form of oral administration with gelatin tablets with flavoring (meat broth) for 14 consecutive days of the gestational period (GD06 to GD20). For that, 17 pregnant Wistar rats divided into 3 groups were used: control (CO; n = 5) not treated; gelatin (GEL; n = 6), which received a gelatin tablet with flavoring; and gelatin with flavoring added 140 mg/kg of L-mimosine (GM; n = 6). All animals received feed and water ad libitum. The parameters analyzed were body weight gain, water and feed consumption, serum biochemistry, blood count and reproductive indices. Among these, only the real and total weight gains of dams showed statistically significant differences, with a decrease in the group GM. Thus, we could observe that flavored gelatin was an efficient and effective administration method to insoluble compounds and long-term administration to pregnant rats, with quick adaptation and without refusal by the animals. In addition, we could observe a direct effect of L-mimosine on the animals' weight gain; however, the dose administered was not sufficient to confer maternal and fetal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R M de Almeida
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Elaine C L Martinelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Edimar C Pereira
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Diadema, S.P., Brazil
| | - Leonila E R Raspantini
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
| | - Isis M Hueza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil; Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP), Diadema, S.P., Brazil.
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Janjić K, Kurzmann C, Moritz A, Agis H. Core circadian clock gene expression in human dental pulp-derived cells in response to L-mimosine, hypoxia and echinomycin. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 126:263-271. [PMID: 30006964 PMCID: PMC6585758 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Core circadian clock genes set the pace for a wide range of physiological functions, including regeneration. The role of these genes and their regulation in the dental pulp, in particular under hypoxic conditions, is unknown. Here we investigated if core clock genes are expressed in human dental pulp‐derived cells (DPC) and if their expression is modulated by the hypoxia mimetic agent, L‐mimosine (L‐MIM), hypoxia or echinomycin. Dental pulp‐derived cells in monolayers and spheroids were treated with L‐MIM, hypoxia or echinomycin. mRNA levels of the core circadian clock genes were analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and their protein levels were analysed by western blot. All core clock genes and proteins were produced in DPC monolayer and spheroid cultures. The expression of cryptochrome circadian regulators and period circadian regulators was reduced by L‐MIM, hypoxia and echinomycin at mRNA, but not at protein levels. Time course experiments indicated that modulations were based on alterations in overall mRNA levels of core circadian clock genes. Our results suggest a potential role of the core circadian clock in the response of dental pulp to hypoxia. Future studies need to consider that regulation of the core circadian clock at mRNA levels might not be paralleled by modulation of protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kurzmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Janjić K, Schellner A, Engenhart A, Kernstock K, Schädl B, Moritz A, Agis H. Angiopoietin-like 4 production upon treatment with hypoxia and L-mimosine in periodontal fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2019; 54:489-498. [PMID: 30891777 PMCID: PMC6790701 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective A key factor in the modulation of angiogenesis as well as in bone resorption is angiopoietin‐like 4. However, the role of angiopoietin‐like 4 in periodontal tissue is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent L‐mimosine can induce the production of angiopoietin‐like 4 in periodontal fibroblasts. Methods Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) were cultured in monolayer and spheroid cultures. The cultures were incubated in the presence of hypoxia or L‐mimosine. Angiopoietin‐like 4 mRNA and protein levels were measured by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Also, the impact of Lipopolysaccharides of E. coli and P. gingivalis, interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α was evaluated. Furthermore, we tested dependency on hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 activity by Western blotting for HIF‐1 and inhibitor studies with echinomycin. Potential autocrine effects were assessed by exposure of PDLF to recombinant angiopoietin‐like 4 in full length, C‐terminal and N‐terminal fragments. The impact on viability, DNA synthesis, alkaline phosphatase, and matrix mineralization was evaluated. Results Both hypoxia and L‐mimosine elevated angiopoietin‐like 4 mRNA and protein levels in monolayer cultures of PDLF. HIF‐1 was elevated after both hypoxia and L‐mimosine treatment. LPS, IL‐1β, and TNFα did not modulate angiopoietin‐like 4 levels significantly. Addition of echinomycin in the cultures inhibited the production of angiopoietin‐like 4. In spheroid cultures of PDLF, the increase did not reach the level of significance at mRNA and protein levels. Angiopoietin‐like 4 in full length, C‐terminal, and N‐terminal fragments did not modulate viability, DNA synthesis, alkaline phosphatase, and matrix mineralization. Conclusion Overall, we found that hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent L‐mimosine can stimulate angiopoietin‐like 4 production in monolayer cultures of PDLF. This increase depends on HIF‐1 activity. Future studies will reveal how the modulation of angiopoietin‐like 4 in the periodontium contributes to periodontal disease and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alwina Schellner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Engenhart
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Kernstock
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schädl
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Synthetic Clay–based Hypoxia Mimetic Hydrogel for Pulp Regeneration: The Impact on Cell Activity and Release Kinetics Based on Dental Pulp–derived Cells In Vitro. J Endod 2018; 44:1263-1269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Janjić K, Cvikl B, Kurzmann C, Moritz A, Agis H. Do hypoxia and L-mimosine modulate sclerostin and dickkopf-1 production in human dental pulp-derived cells? Insights from monolayer, spheroid and tooth slice cultures. BMC Oral Health 2018. [PMID: 29523112 PMCID: PMC5845180 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand the responses of the dental pulp to hypoxia is of high relevance for regenerative endodontics and dental traumatology. Here, we aimed to reveal the effects of hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent L-mimosine (L-MIM) on the production of sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) in human dental pulp-derived cells (DPC). Methods DPC in monolayer, spheroid and tooth slice cultures were treated with L-MIM or hypoxia. Resazurin-based toxicity and MTT assays were performed to determine cell viability. mRNA and protein levels of SOST and DKK-1 were measured with quantitative reverse transcription PCR and ELISA, respectively. To validate the hypoxia-like response, SDF-1, VEGF and IL-8 were assessed. In addition Western blots for HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-3α were done. Results Cells were vital upon treatment procedures and showed increased levels of HIF-1α, and HIF-2α. In monolayer cultures, mRNA levels of SOST and DKK-1 were downregulated by L-MIM and hypoxia, respectively. A significant downregulation of SOST by hypoxia was found at the protein level compared to untreated cells while the effect on DKK-1 and the impact of L-MIM on SOST and DKK-1 did not reach the level of significance at the protein level. In spheroid cultures, mRNA levels of SOST and DKK-1 were downregulated by L-MIM. A significant downregulation of DKK-1 upon hypoxia treatment was found at the protein level while the impact of hypoxia on SOST and the effect of L-MIM on SOST and DKK-1 did not reach the level of significance. SOST and DKK-1 were also produced in tooth slices, but no pronounced modulation by L-MIM or hypoxia was found. Evaluation of SDF-1, VEGF and IL-8 showed a hypoxia-like response in the culture models. Conclusions There is no pronounced influence of hypoxia and L-MIM on DPC viability, SOST and DKK-1 protein production. However, the specific response depends on the culture model and the level of evaluation (mRNA or protein). These results deepen our understanding about the role of hypoxia and the potential impacts of hypoxia-based strategies on dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria.,Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kurzmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria.
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L-mimosine and hypoxia enhance angiopoietin-like 4 production involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha: Insights from monolayer and spheroid cultures of dental pulp-derived cells and tooth slice cultures. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 85:172-177. [PMID: 29100106 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) is an angiogenesis modulating signaling factor and as such involved in blood vessel formation but also in hard tissue resorption. Here we hypothesized that the hypoxia mimetic agent L-mimosine (L-MIM) and hypoxia stimulate the production of Angptl4 in the dental pulp. MATERIAL AND METHODS Monolayer and spheroid cultures of primary human dental pulp-derived cells (DPC) were treated with L-MIM or hypoxia. Furthermore, tooth slice cultures were performed. The production of Angptl4 was assessed at mRNA and protein levels using reverse transcription qPCR and immunoassays, respectively. To assess the involvement of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α (HIF-1signaling, inhibitor studies with echinomycin and Western Blot analysis for HIF-1α were performed in DPC monolayer cultures.(HIF-1 RESULTS: L-MIM and hypoxia increased production of Angptl4 at mRNA and protein levels in monolayer cultures of DPC. The increase of Angptl4 was paralleled by an increase of HIF-1α and inhibited by echinomycin. Angptl4 protein levels were also elevated in spheroid cultures. In tooth slice cultures, the pulp tissue expressed and released Angptl4 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in the presence of L-MIM. There was a trend for an increase in Angptl4 mRNA levels and a trend for a decrease in the protein levels of the supernatants. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the hypoxia mimetic agent L-MIM and hypoxia can increase Angptl4 production in DPC involving HIF-1α. However, the increase in the cell culture supernatants does not translate in an increased release in tooth slice organ cultures.
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Müller AS, Janjić K, Lilaj B, Edelmayer M, Agis H. Hypoxia-based strategies for regenerative dentistry—Views from the different dental fields. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 81:121-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Janjić K, Edelmayer M, Moritz A, Agis H. L-mimosine and hypoxia can increase angiogenin production in dental pulp-derived cells. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:87. [PMID: 28545523 PMCID: PMC5445368 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenin is a key molecule in the healing process which has been successfully applied in the field of regenerative medicine. The role of angiogenin in dental pulp regeneration is unclear. Here we aimed to reveal the impact of the hypoxia mimetic agent L-mimosine (L-MIM) and hypoxia on angiogenin in the dental pulp. Methods Human dental pulp-derived cells (DPC) were cultured in monolayer and spheroid cultures and treated with L-MIM or hypoxia. In addition, tooth slice organ cultures were applied to mimic the pulp-dentin complex. We measured angiogenin mRNA and protein levels using qPCR and ELISA, respectively. Inhibitor studies with echinomycin were performed to reveal the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling. Results Both, L-MIM and hypoxia increased the production of angiogenin at the protein level in monolayer cultures of DPC, while the increase at the mRNA level did not reach the level of significance. The increase of angiogenin in response to treatment with L-MIM or hypoxia was reduced by echinomycin. In spheroid cultures, L-MIM increased angiogenin at protein levels while the effect of hypoxia was not significant. Angiogenin was also expressed and released in tooth slice organ cultures under normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in the presence of L-MIM. Conclusions L-MIM and hypoxia modulate production of angiogenin via HIF-1 differentially and the response depends on the culture model. Given the role of angiogenin in regeneration the here presented results are of high relevance for pre-conditioning approaches for cell therapy and tissue engineering in the field of regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Botelho J, Cavacas MA, Borrecho G, Polido M, Oliveira P, Martins Dos Santos J. Human ex vivo dentin-pulp complex preservation in a full crown model. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2017; 7:19-22. [PMID: 28316916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, there is lack of human in vitro full tooth models that hold the odontoblast layer with pulp tissue in their native environment. The appearance of new in vitro and in vivo models has provided new understanding of the potential of tissue engineering in dental pulp regeneration. However, the development of new in vitro full tooth models will allow us to get closer to in vivo conditions. Thus, the aim of this study is to preserve a living dentin-pulp complex, in a novel in vitro full crown model, after tooth extraction. METHODS Twenty intact third molars, after preparation, were divided into four groups, with five samples each. We placed the negative control samples (C) in saline, and the tested groups were placed (T) in supplemented DMEM, at two different times: 1 and 7 days. The specimens were processed for light microscopy observation. RESULTS Contrary to C-groups, T-groups showed a functional dentin-pulp complex. The treated dentin-pulp complex presents normal histological appearance. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that it is possible to preserve a living dentin-pulp complex after tooth extraction during 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Maria Alzira Cavacas
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Borrecho
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Mário Polido
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Dental Materials Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - José Martins Dos Santos
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Anatomy Department, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Setúbal, Portugal
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The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762871. [PMID: 27688777 PMCID: PMC5027319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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Nguyen BCQ, Tawata S. The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Mimosine: A Review. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1230-42. [PMID: 27213712 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mimosine [β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-oxypyridyl)]-α-aminopropionic acid] is a non-protein amino acid found in the members of Mimosoideae family. There are a considerable number of reports available on the chemistry, methods for estimation, biosynthesis, regulation, and degradation of this secondary metabolite. On the other hand, over the past years of active research, mimosine has been found to have various biological activities such as anti-cancer, antiinflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-influenza, anti-virus, herbicidal and insecticidal activities, and others. Mimosine is a leading compound of interest for use in the development of RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-specific inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases/disorders, because PAK1 is not essential for the growth of normal cells. Interestingly, the new roles of mimosine in malignant glioma treatment, regenerative dentistry, and phytoremediation are being emerged. These identified properties indicate an exciting future for this amino acid. The present review is focused on the chemistry and recognized biological activities of mimosine in an attempt to draw a link between these two characteristics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Cao Quan Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.,PAK Research Center, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- PAK Research Center, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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14
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15
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Müller HD, Cvikl B, Janjić K, Nürnberger S, Moritz A, Gruber R, Agis H. Effects of Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor L-mimosine on Dental Pulp in the Presence of Advanced Glycation End Products. J Endod 2015; 41:1852-61. [PMID: 26395911 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proangiogenic prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors represent a novel approach to stimulate tissue regeneration. Diabetes mellitus involves the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Here we evaluated the impact of AGEs on the response of human pulp tissue to the PHD inhibitor L-mimosine (L-MIM) in monolayer cultures of dental pulp-derived cells (DPCs) and tooth slice organ cultures. METHODS In monolayer cultures, DPCs were incubated with L-MIM and AGEs. Viability was assessed based on formazan formation, live-dead staining, annexin V/propidium iodide, and trypan blue exclusion assay. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 production was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays. Furthermore, expression levels of odontoblast markers were assessed, and alizarin red staining was performed. Tooth slice organ cultures were performed, and VEGF, IL-6, and IL8 levels in their supernatants were measured by immunoassays. Pulp tissue vitality and morphology were assessed by MTT assay and histology. RESULTS In monolayer cultures of DPCs, L-MIM at nontoxic concentrations increased the production of VEGF and IL-8 in the presence of AGEs. Stimulation with L-MIM decreased alkaline phosphatase levels and matrix mineralization also in the presence of AGEs, whereas no significant changes in dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein expression were observed. In tooth slice organ cultures, L-MIM increased VEGF but not IL-6 and IL-8 production in the presence of AGEs. The pulp tissue was vital, and no signs of apoptosis or necrosis were observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in the presence of AGEs, L-MIM increases the proangiogenic capacity, but decreases alkaline phosphatase expression and matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Dieter Müller
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Nürnberger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Oral Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Agis
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Role of angiogenesis in endodontics: contributions of stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to dental pulp regeneration. J Endod 2015; 41:797-803. [PMID: 25649306 PMCID: PMC5223201 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root canal space. The formation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is mandatory to increase the survival rate of re-transplanted tissues. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting capillaries, which has great importance in pulp regeneration and homeostasis. Here the contribution of human dental pulp stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to angiogenesis process and regeneration of dental pulp is reviewed. METHODS A search was performed on the role of angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration from January 2005 through April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between angiogenesis, human dental pulp stem cells, and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in regeneration of dental pulp were assessed. RESULTS Many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between angiogenesis and dental pulp regeneration. The contribution of stem cells and mechanical and chemical factors to dental pulp regeneration has been previously discussed. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is an indispensable process during dental pulp regeneration. The survival of inflamed vital pulp and engineered transplanted pulp tissue are closely linked to the process of angiogenesis at sites of application. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of angiogenesis in pulp tissue require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | | | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Zhu L, Zhang J, Xiao L, Liu S, Yu J, Chen W, Zhang X, Peng B. Autophagy in resin monomer-initiated toxicity of dental mesenchymal cells: a novel therapeutic target of N-acetyl cysteine. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6820-6836. [PMID: 32262475 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00894h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A proposed schematic model of autophagy involvement in resin monomer-initiated toxicity of dental mesenchymal cells and as a novel therapeutic target of NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Lan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430079
- China
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