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Aviv S, Alin Y, Neta L, Yael H, Lada Z, Avia FN, Diana R, Moti M, David P. Elimination of E. faecalis with NaOCl versus chlorhexidine gluconate from primary molar root canal systems: an ex vivo model study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:265. [PMID: 38652209 PMCID: PMC11039510 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This ex vivo human study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of NaOCl and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) irrigations in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from the RCS of primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disinfected extracted primary molars were inoculated with E. faecalis for 24 h. Then, the RCS samples were then irrigated with either 2.5% NaOCl, 0.2% and 2% CHG, or sham saline. The samples were collected immediately after irrigation; and 24 h later, the bacterial viability and counts were measured using blood agar and qRT-PCR, respectively. Histological sections were used to measure E. faecalis penetration and viability in dentin tubules using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The recovery of viable E. faecalis after the irrigation of the primary molars showed more significant bactericidal effects of NaOCl and 0.2% and 2% CHG than of saline. Immediately after the irrigation, the NaOCl group showed the greatest reduction in E. faecalis; and 24 h later, all the groups had lower viable E. faecalis than the saline control. The bacterial penetration was also lowest in the NaOCl group, although there was no difference in bacterial viability in the tubules between the groups. CONCLUSION In primary teeth, NaOCl and CHG showed similar degrees of bacterial elimination efficacy in terms of E.faecalis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Within the limitations of this study, NaOCl and CHG have the similar ability to perform endodontic irrigation of primary ex vivo teeth regarding the elimination of E.faecalis, but NaOCl penetrates dentin tubules better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmueli Aviv
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Yaya Alin
- "Bina" Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- In private practice, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lam Neta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Haim Yael
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Zamsky Lada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Fux Noy Avia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Ram Diana
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Moskovitz Moti
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Polak David
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Yanık D, Turker N. Glycolic acid on push-out bond strength of fiber post and smear removal: an in vitro study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00928-y. [PMID: 38507151 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate glycolic acid (GA) as a final irrigant on push-out bond strength of fiber post and smear removal. Ninety mandibular premolars were stabilized with a silicone key and photographed, and canal cross-section was calculated by image processing software. Round canal morphology was selected. The specimens were divided into five groups (n = 18); 10%GA, 17%EDTA, NaOCl + 10%GA, NaOCl + 17%EDTA, and the control. Fifteen specimens were used for the push-out. Three specimens were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope after post space preparation. Two-way ANOVA and Chi-square were used for statistics. GA presented higher strength than EDTA (p < 0.05). The NaOCl + GA showed higher strength than the NaOCl + EDTA (p < 0.05). The highest values were observed in cervical and lowest in apical thirds (p < 0.05). The most failure type was between dentin and resin (p < 0.05). GA removed the smear in the post space including the apical third. The NaOCl + GA has superiority to NaOCl + EDTA on push-out strength. Glycolic acid improved the bond strength of fiber post when used as a final post space irrigant. The combination of NaOCl and glycolic acid did not negatively affect the bond strength and was more effective compared to the combination with EDTA. Glycolic acid improved the bond strength of fiber post when used as a final post space irrigant. The combination of NaOCl and glycolic acid did not negatively affect the bond strength and was more effective compared to the combination with EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yanık
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Nurullah Turker
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Maiola EC, Boppré LM, Savaris JM, Dias Junior LCDL, Garcia LDFR, Teixeira CDS, Bortoluzzi EA. Did in-between rinsing and agitating with distilled water prevents precipitate formation by the interaction between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine canal irrigants? Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:315-325. [PMID: 37811954 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) produces an orange-brown precipitate. The present study evaluated the influence of distilled water (H2 O) in different irrigation protocols designed to prevent the formation of precipitate with NaOCl and CHX. Fifty canine teeth were instrumented and split longitudinally. The canal was examined with a stereomicroscope and photographed by canal-thirds. The tooth halves were repositioned and distributed randomly into five groups, according to the final irrigation protocol (n = 10): G1 (control)-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + NaOCl + CHX, conventional irrigation (CI); G2-EDTA + NaOCl + CHX, activated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3-EDTA (PUI) + NaOCl (PUI) + H2 O (CI) + CHX (PUI); G4-EDTA + NaOCl + H2 O + CHX (PUI); G5-EDTA (PUI) + NaOCl (PUI) + H2 O (continuous ultrasonic irrigation [CUI]) + CHX (PUI). The specimens were evaluated with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis was performed to identify the elemental profile of the irrigated canal walls. The images were scored according to the extensiveness of precipitate. Data were analyzed (Kruskal-Wallis test, α = 5%). Under the stereomicroscope, G1 had significantly higher scores than all the other groups in all canal-thirds (p < .05). All four experimental groups showed similar scores (p > .05). There were no significant differences in precipitate formation among root-thirds in intragroup analysis (p > .05). Upon SEM examination, overall, only G5 had lower scores than G1 (p < .05). Analysis by canal-thirds showed no significant difference among groups and among canal-thirds in the intragroup analysis (p > .05). G1 showed high Cl peaks. In-between irrigation with H2 O activated by CUI is effective in preventing precipitate formation during canal debridement with NaOCl and CHX. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Continuous ultrasonic irrigation with distilled water was capable to prevent the precipitate formation. The precipitate can be classified as a chemical smear layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Catherine Maiola
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Letícia Mendes Boppré
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Julia Menezes Savaris
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi
- Department of Diagnosis & Oral Health, Division of Endodontics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Raphael da Silva L, Faria G. Research methods assessing sodium hypochlorite cytotoxicity: A scoping review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23060. [PMID: 38192787 PMCID: PMC10772573 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) cytotoxicity has been assessed using different methodologies, which has led to arbitrary interpretations. This scoping review aimed to discuss the different methodological protocols for assessing NaOCl cytotoxicity. A literature review performed in the PubMed and Embase databases up to July 2023 identified manuscripts reporting NaOCl cytotoxicity. The dataset identified 546 publications, further screened by 2 reviewers. Ninety studies were identified and mined methodologically to collect information on cell type, cytotoxicity assay, NaOCl dilution solutions, presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and NaOCl exposure time. The culture medium used in cytotoxicity assays contains buffering substances that neutralize the pH of NaOCl, thus reducing its cytotoxicity, an approach that may lead to bias when solutions with different pH are compared. For short exposure periods, as in simulations to evaluate the contact between irrigant and periapical tissue cells during chemo-mechanical preparation, NaOCl dilution should be performed with saline, which does not buffer the irrigant. For long exposure periods, as in simulations of irrigant extrusions, NaOCl should be diluted in the culture medium, to reproduce the expected buffering effect occurring in extrusions. The presence of FBS in culture medium can decrease NaOCl toxicity. There is no standardization of NaOCl cytotoxicity methodologies. This poses the risk of arriving at incorrect results and, therefore, pertinent tests must be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Raphael da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Miranda TC, Andrade JFM, Gelfuso GM, Cunha-Filho M, Oliveira LA, Gratieri T. Novel technologies to improve the treatment of endodontic microbial infections: Inputs from a drug delivery perspective. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122794. [PMID: 36870400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic microbial infections are still a challenge for an effective treatment for being biofilm-mediated and very refractory to conventional therapies. Biomechanical preparation and chemical irrigants cannot fully eradicate biofilms due to the anatomic structure of the root canal system. Instruments employed in biomechanical preparation and irrigants solution cannot reach the narrow and deepest portion of root canals, especially the apical thirds. In addition, aside from the dentin surface, biofilms can also infiltrate dentine tubules and periapical tissues, compromising treatment success. Therefore, different technologies have been investigated to achieve a more effective outcome in the control of endodontic infections. However, these technologies continue to face great difficulties in reaching the apical region and eradicating biofilms to avoid the recurrence of infection. Here, we present an overview of the fundamentals of endodontics infections and review technologies currently available for root canal treatment. We discuss them from a drug delivery perspective, highlighting each technology's strength to envision the best use of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires C Miranda
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jayanaraian F M Andrade
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Laudimar A Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Souza MA, Bischoff KF, Rigo BDC, Piuco L, Didoné AVL, Bertol CD, Rossato-Grando LG, Bervian J, Cecchin D. Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of glycolic acid and its effects on root dentin microhardness - An in vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:423-428. [PMID: 33682987 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different glycolic acid concentrations (GA) and its effects on dentinal microhardness. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of test irrigants in the lymphocyte primary culture for 3 min. The tested substances were distilled water(DW); 17% EDTA; QMix; 10% GA; 17% GA; and 25% GA. Counting of total, live and dead cells was performed, obtaining the average percentage of dead cells of each group. For microhardness evaluation, 60 root dentin samples were divided into the same tested groups (n = 10) and immersed in test irrigants for 3 min. Dentin microhardness was evaluated by Vicker test. Specific statistical analysis was made in both tests. Results showed significant lower cytotoxicity for QMix and 10% GA (P < 0.05). Moreover, all test irrigants presented similar values of microhardness than the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, lower GA concentration can be an alternative for final irrigation on endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus A Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara D C Rigo
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Piuco
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Ana V L Didoné
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Charise D Bertol
- School of Pharmacy, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliane Bervian
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Doglas Cecchin
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
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Souza MA, Bonacina LV, Trento A, Bonfante FDC, Porsch HF, Ricci R, Lago BLT, Lago CTR, Gabrielli ES, Bervian J, Farina AP, Cecchin D. Influence of the apical limit of instrumentation and photodynamic therapy on the postoperative pain of lower molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102489. [PMID: 34416381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of apical limit of instrumentation and PDT on the postoperative pain of lower molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. METHODS Forty patients were included in the present study and were divided into 4 groups (n=10), according to apical limit of instrumentation and use of PDT: instrumentation at 0.0 measurement; instrumentation at 0.0 measurement+PDT; instrumentation 1mm beyond 0.0 measurement; instrumentation 1mm beyond 0.0 measurement+PDT. In the PDT, the root canals were filled with 0.01% methylene blue, remaining for 5 min. The low-intensity laser was used with 100 mW, 660-690 nm wavelength), using intra-canal fibre. Root canals were irradiated for 90 s, delivering total dose of 9 J and energy density of 320 J/cm2. After root canal preparation and PDT protocols, root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus endodontic sealer, being sealed with composite resin.The evaluation of postoperative pain was performed by visual analog scale after 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days. Data were analysed by specific statistical tests, at level of 5%. RESULTS No statistical significant difference was observed among experimental groups in all evaluation periods, as well as in the intragroup analysis over time, regarding postoperative pain and analgesic medication consumption (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Apical limit of instrumentation and PDT have no influence on the postoperative pain of lower molars with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexia Trento
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafaela Ricci
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliane Bervian
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Farina
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Doglas Cecchin
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Souza MA, Palhano HS, Macci D, Broch GM, Tissiani L, Rauber BF, Cecchin D, Bervian J, de Almeida Gomes BPF, Gabrielli ES. Influence of ultrasonic activation on antimicrobial activity of a new final irrigant containing glycolic acid: An in vitro study. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:531-537. [PMID: 33901338 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of ultrasonic activation (US) on the antimicrobial activity of a new final irrigant containing glycolic acid (GA). Extracted teeth were used, being 70 to counting of colony-forming units (CFUs) and 35 to confocal laser scanning microscopy. Samples were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 7 groups: distilled water + US; 17% EDTA; Qmix; 17% GA; 17% EDTA + US; QMix + US; and 17% GA + US and kept in contact with test solution for 1 min in the groups with or no US. In the CFUs, the highest bacterial reduction was observed in QMix + US group, followed by QMix and GA + US. In the confocal evaluation, the lowest number of viable cells was observed in EDTA + US, with no statistical difference from QMix, QMix + US and GA + US (P > 0.05). The use of US improves the antimicrobial activity of EDTA and GA, being statistically different from the isolated use of these final irrigants in both evaluation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dierro Macci
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luanda Tissiani
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Doglas Cecchin
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Bervian
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ezequiel Santin Gabrielli
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.,School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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DEMİREL A. The Smear Layer Removal Efficiency of Different Concentrations of EDTA in primary teeth: A SEM Study. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.829414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Zieniewska I, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A. The Effect of Selected Dental Materials Used in Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, Surgery, and Orthodontics as Well as during the Periodontal Treatment on the Redox Balance in the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249684. [PMID: 33353105 PMCID: PMC7767252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a redox homeostasis disorder that results in oxidation of cell components and thus disturbs cell metabolism. OS is induced by numerous internal as well as external factors. According to recent studies, dental treatment may also be one of them. The aim of our work was to assess the effect of dental treatment on the redox balance of the oral cavity. We reviewed literature available in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases, including the results from 2010 to 2020. Publications were searched according to the keywords: oxidative stress and dental monomers; oxidative stress and amalgam; oxidative stress and periodontitis, oxidative stress and braces, oxidative stress and titanium; oxidative stress and dental implants, oxidative stress and endodontics treatment, oxidative stress and dental treatment; and oxidative stress and dental composite. It was found that dental treatment with the use of composites, amalgams, glass-ionomers, materials for root canal filling/rinsing, orthodontic braces (made of various metal alloys), titanium implants, or whitening agents can disturb oral redox homeostasis by affecting the antioxidant barrier and increasing oxidative damage to salivary proteins, lipids, and DNA. Abnormal saliva secretion/composition was also observed in dental patients in the course of OS. It is suggested that the addition of antioxidants to dental materials or antioxidant therapy applied during dental treatment could protect the patient against harmful effects of OS in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zieniewska
- Doctoral Studies, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-022 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (A.Z.)
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Souza MA, Trentini BM, Parizotto TF, Vanin GN, da Silva Piuco L, Ricci R, Bischoff KF, Dias CT, Pecho OE, Bervian J, Cecchin D. Influence of a glycolic acid-based final irrigant for photosensitizer removal of photodynamic therapy on the microhardness and colour change of the dentin structure. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102151. [PMID: 33346059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the influence of glycolic acid-based final irrigant for photosensitizer removal of photodynamic therapy on the microhardness and colour change of the dentin structure. METHODS Eighty extracted single-rooted human incisors were used. Sample preparation and root split resulted in 160 samples, 80 samples being used for microhardness and 80 samples for colour change evaluation. In the first, PDT protocol was performed and 80 samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20), according to the final irrigation protocol: distilled water (DW); 17 % ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); QMix; 17 % glycolic acid (GA). Microhardness was evaluated using the Vicker tester, before and after, PDT and final irrigation protocols, calculating the percentage of microhardness reduction. In the second evaluation, PDT and final irrigation protocols were performed in the same way. Colour change was evaluated using digital spectrophotometer before and after these protocols, calculating the ΔE colour change using the CIELAB system (L*a*b* values). Specific statistical analysis was performed for both evaluations (α = 5%). RESULTS The highest percentage of microhardness reduction was observed in 17 % EDTA, QMix and 17 % GA groups, with no significant difference among them (p > 0.05). Furthermore, none of these protocols was effective in photosensitizer removal, and all final irrigation protocols were statically similar to control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GA promotes microhardness reduction and also contributes to the colourization of dentin structure during the photosensitizer removal process, followingPDT .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafaela Ricci
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oscar Emilio Pecho
- School of Dentistry, University Centre Institute for Educational Development of Alto Uruguai, Getulio Vargas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliane Bervian
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Doglas Cecchin
- School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Generali L, Bertoldi C, Bidossi A, Cassinelli C, Morra M, Del Fabbro M, Savadori P, Ballal NV, Giardino L. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of a New Class of Silver Citrate-Based Compounds as Endodontic Irrigants. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13215019. [PMID: 33172215 PMCID: PMC7664443 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial activity of two silver citrate-based irrigant solutions were investigated. Cytotoxicity of various concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%) of both solutions (BioAKT and BioAKT Endo) was assessed on L-929 mouse fibroblasts using the MTT assay. For the quantitative analysis of components, an infrared (I.R.) spectroscopy was performed. The minimum inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations (M.I.C. and M.B.C., respectively) were ascertained on Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC 4083. For biofilm susceptibility after treatment with the irrigating agent, a minimum biofilm eradication concentration (M.B.E.C.) and confocal laser scanning microscope (C.L.S.M.) assays were performed. Quantification of E. faecalis cell biomass and percentage of live and dead cells in the biomass was appraised. Normality of data was analyzed using the D’Agostino & Pearson’s test and the Shapiro–Wilk test. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Both silver citrate solutions showed mouse fibroblasts viability >70% when diluted to 0.25% and 0.5%. Conversely, at higher concentrations, they were extremely cytotoxic. F.T.-IR spectroscopy measurements of both liquids showed the same spectra, indicating similar chemical characteristics. No substantial contrast in antimicrobial activity was observed among the two silver citrate solutions by using broth microdilution methods, biofilm susceptibility (MBEC-HTP device), and biomass screening using confocal laser scanning microscopy (C.L.S.M.) technique. Both solutions, used as root canal irrigants, exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and low cytocompatibility at dilutions greater than 0.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (C.H.I.M.O.M.O.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (C.H.I.M.O.M.O.), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (C.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, I.R.C.C.S. Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Clara Cassinelli
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana 26, 14037 Portacomaro, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana 26, 14037 Portacomaro, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- I.R.C.C.S. Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Savadori
- I.R.C.C.S. Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, 576104 Karnataka, India;
| | - Luciano Giardino
- Freelance Researcher, 88900 Crotone, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (C.B.); (L.G.)
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13
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Solana C, Ferrer-Luque CM, Wang X, Baca P, Ruiz-Linares M, Cabrera T. Cytotoxic effects of alkaline tetrasodium EDTA irrigating solutions. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:285-287. [PMID: 32475864 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxic effects of tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTANa4) when used alone or when combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), with and without the addition of cetrimide (CTR). Human pulmonary fibroblast cell line was exposed to the following irrigating solutions: group 1, 2.5% NaOCl; group 2, 10% EDTANa4; group 3, 20% EDTANa4; group 4, 2.5% NaOCl/5% EDTANa4; group 5, 2.5% NaOCl/10% EDTANa4; group 6, 2.5% NaOCl/5% EDTANa4/0.2% CTR; group 7, 2.5% NaOCl/10% EDTANa4/0.2% CTR; group 8, control, cells in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay was used to determine the viability of cells after 1 and 24 h. Viability percentages were analyzed for global comparison using the Welch test followed by the Games-Howell test to determine groups with similar viability, and the Student's t test was used to compare the two times. The lowest viability was obtained with a 2.5% NaOCl solution at both time periods. The association of NaOCl with EDTANa4 increased the cellular viability in direct relation with the concentration of the chelating agent. Globally, after 24 h of exposure, cell viability reduced. The solutions of EDTANa4 showed moderate cytotoxic effects when compared with NaOCl alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Solana
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada
| | | | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology III, University of Granada
| | - Pilar Baca
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada
| | | | - Teresa Cabrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology III, University of Granada
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Giardino L, Bidossi A, Del Fabbro M, Savadori P, Maddalone M, Ferrari L, Ballal NV, Das S, Rao BSS. Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and accumulated hard‐tissue debris (AHTD) removal efficacy of several chelating agents. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1093-1110. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Giardino
- School of Dentistry University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia Catanzaro Italy
| | - A. Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - M. Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences Università degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - P. Savadori
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi Milano Italy
| | - M. Maddalone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - L. Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano‐Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - N. V. Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - S. Das
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - B. S. S. Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
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15
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Chen Y, Li H, Li M, Yang L, Sun Q, Chen K. Analysis of survival and factors associated with failure of primary tooth pulpectomies performed under general anaesthesia in children from South China. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:225-233. [PMID: 31663231 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulpectomy is a technique recommended for treatment of irreversible pulp inflammation or necrosis. Treatment-related variables and patient factors may affect the prognosis of pulpectomy. AIM To investigate the survival and related predictors associated with failure of pulpectomies performed under general anaesthesia for early childhood caries. DESIGN Dental records of 124 patients, who underwent pulpectomy as part of comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia, were reviewed and assessed. Relapse of pulpitis and periodontal periodontitis were evaluated by clinical examination and periapical film assessment at each follow-up appointment after original treatment. RESULTS A total of 389 teeth of 124 children were evaluated. By the end of the fourth year, 45% of teeth with pulpitis and 46% of teeth with periapical periodontitis were estimated to relapse; the median (interquartile range) number of years to relapse was 3.5 (3.4-3.8) and 3.0 (1.8-3.0) years, respectively. The follow-up frequency, number of teeth extracted, plaque index, tooth position, type of restoration, pulp status, and quality of root canal filling were observed to have independent effects on relapse. CONCLUSION Recurrence came earlier in teeth diagnosed with periapical periodontitis than those with pulpitis. Both treatment-related variables and patient factors could affect the prognosis of pulpectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Li
- Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mianxiang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyin Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Rodrigues EM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria G. Effects of Calcium Hypochlorite and Octenidine Hydrochloride on L929 And Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:213-219. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess cytotoxicity and cell migration of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] and octenidine hydrochloride - OCT (Octenisept®, Schülke & Mayr, Norderstedt, Germany) in L929 and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. The cells were exposed to different doses of different solutions: 2.5% and 5% Ca(OCl)2, 0.1% OCT, 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX for 10 min. Cell viability was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, and cell migration was determined by wound-healing assay. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). The MTT and NR assays revealed that 0.1% OCT was less cytotoxic in hPDL cells (p<0.05), followed by 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between 2.5% NaOCl and 5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05), but these solutions showed greater cytotoxicity than the others. The result was the same for L929 cells, except that there was no significant difference between 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 (p>0.05). Wound-healing assay in L929 and hPDL cells showed that cell migration of 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 groups was higher than 5% Ca(OCl)2 and 2.5% NaOCl groups at 24 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, 0.1% OCT had lower cytotoxicity in tested cell lines than CHX, Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl. Cell migration was higher for 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX and 2.5% Ca(OCl)2. Therefore, in terms of cytotoxicity, OCT and Ca(OCl)2 have the potential to be used as root canal irrigants.
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Tunç H, Islam A, Kabadayı H, Vatansever HS, Çetiner S, Yilmaz HG. Evaluation of low-level diode laser irradiation and various irrigant solutions on the biological response of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 191:156-163. [PMID: 30640142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic effects and the apoptosis of Gallium-Aluminum-Arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser irradiation, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ozonated water and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Cells were exposed to EDTA (5%, 8.5%, 17%), NaOCl (1%, 2.5%, 5%) ozonated water (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) and GaAlAs diode laser irradiation (energy densities of 0.5, 1, 1.5 j/cm2). Culture medium included D-MEM, supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum, 1% l-glutamine, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 1% gentamycin, amphotericin-B and served as control group. The prepared irrigants were added to the relevant wells and incubated with the cells at 37 °C for 5, 10 and 15 min. The cells in the laser group were also incubated at 37 °C for 5, 10 and 15 min after the laser application. Cell viability and proliferation were analysed with the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of cell viability showed a significant reduction in all concentrations of the EDTA and NaOCl groups when compared to the control group, diode laser irradiation and ozonated water groups at 5th, 10th and 15th minutes respectively but high cytotoxic effects of all EDTA and NaOCl groups with decreased over 50% of cell viability were observed at the 15th minute. Also EDTA group with 17% concentration (17%E) presented the lowest survival rate on SHEDs with mean of 21.67% ± 6.101 at this time interval. The lowest toxic effects were observed at the 5th minutes compared to other time periods at experimental groups. For detection of apoptotic cells, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling (TUNEL) method was performed. According to the MTT results, doses showed the highest toxicity (cell survival decreased over 50%) in each group were selected for TUNEL assay (17% EDTA; 1% NaOCl; 10 μg/ml Ozonated water; 1.5 j/cm2 diode laser irradiation). The significantly lowest percentages of TUNEL-positive cells were detected in ozonated water (10.67% ± 2.93) and diode laser irradiation (13.24% ± 7.61) compared to EDTA (39.89% ± 11.54) and NaOCl (31.15% ± 10.64) respectively. Also the difference between percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in EDTA and NaOCl groups was not significant. Synergistic combination of ozonated water and diode laser irradiation may be used in the disinfection step of necrotic root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Tunç
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Aylin Islam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kabadayı
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Celal Bayar University, Experimental Health Science Research Center, Near East University, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Campus, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Serap Çetiner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Kyrenia University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Hasan Guney Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Lefkosa, Mersin10, Turkey.
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18
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Siqueira FDS, Rossi GG, Machado AK, Alves CFS, Flores VC, Somavilla VD, Agertt VA, Siqueira JD, Dias RDS, Copetti PM, Sagrillo MR, Back DF, de Campos MMA. Sulfamethoxazole derivatives complexed with metals: a new alternative against biofilms of rapidly growing mycobacteria. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:893-911. [PMID: 30418037 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1514497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are considered important sources of infections on biomedical surfaces, and most infections involving biofilm formation are associated with medical device implants. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds that can combat microbial resistance associated with biofilm formation. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm action of sulfamethoxazole complexed with Au, Cd, Cu, Ni and Hg on rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), as well as to evaluate their safety through cytotoxic assays. The results demonstrate potentiation of the novel compounds in antibiofilm activity, mainly in the complex with Au, which was able to completely inhibit biofilm formation and had the capacity to destroy the biofilm at all the concentrations tested. All cytotoxic data suggest that the majority of sulfamethoxazole metallic derivatives are antimicrobial alternatives, as well as safe molecules, which could be used as potential therapeutic agents for bacterial and biofilm elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Dos Santos Siqueira
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Grazielle Guidolin Rossi
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Costa Flores
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Viviane Drescher Somavilla
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Albertina Agertt
- a Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | | | - Renne de Sousa Dias
- c Graduate Program in Chemistry , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | | | | | - Davi Fernando Back
- c Graduate Program in Chemistry , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
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Tang Y, Xu W. Therapeutic effects of Pulpotomy and Pulpectomy on deciduous molars with deep caries. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:1468-1472. [PMID: 29492080 PMCID: PMC5768846 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.336.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of pulpotomy and pulpectomy on deciduous molars with deep caries. Methods: A total of 124 children (192 molars) with deep caries treated from February 2014 to February 2015 were selected. They each had at least one molar with deep caries. MTA pulpotomy (101 molars) and Vitapex pulpectomy (91 molars) as well as prefabricated metal crown repair were conducted. The patients were followed up for 18 months after surgery, and the therapeutic effects were evaluated through clinical and X-ray examinations. Results: The proportion of molars without lesions was 80.20% in pulpotomy group, which significantly exceeded that of pulpectomy group (72.53%). The pulpotomy group with good clinical manifestations underwent spontaneous pain in four molars during follow-up, and five molars gradually underwent pain and gingival redness and swelling. The pulpectomy group suffered from occlusion discomfort in nine molars and gingival fistula in seven molars during follow-up. The postoperative morbidity of pulpectomy group was significantly higher than that of pulpotomy group (χ2=4.50, P=0.04). The 18-month tooth survival rates of pulpotomy and pulpectomy groups were 90% and 79% respectively, which were significantly different (χ2=4.645, P=0.031). Conclusion: The postoperative outcomes of pulpotomy are superior to those of pulpectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Tang
- Yuxiang Tang, Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Central Road No. 30, Xuan Wu District, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wantian Xu
- Wantian Xu, Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Central Road No. 30, Xuan Wu District, Nanjing 210008, China
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Nogales CG, Ferreira MB, Montemor AF, Rodrigues MFDA, Lage-Marques JL, Antoniazzi JH. Ozone therapy as an adjuvant for endondontic protocols: microbiological - ex vivo study and citotoxicity analyses. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 24:607-613. [PMID: 28076466 PMCID: PMC5161259 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720160029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of ozone therapy in teeth contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus using a mono-species biofilm model. Parallel to this, the study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ozone for human gingival fibroblasts. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighty single-root teeth were contaminated with a mono-species biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Groups were formed: Group I - control; Group II - standard protocol; Group III - standard protocol + ozone gas at 40 µg/mL; and Group IV - standard protocol + aqueous ozone at 8 µg/mL. In parallel, human gingival fibroblasts were submitted to the MTT test. Cells were plated, then ozone was applied as follows: Group I (control) - broth medium; Group II - aqueous ozone at 2 µg/mL; Group III - aqueous ozone at 5 µg/mL; and Group IV - aqueous ozone at 8 µg/mL. Data were submitted to the Kruskal Wallis test and Bonferroni post hoc analyses to assess microbiology and cytotoxicity, respectively (p<0.05%). Results The results revealed antimicrobial efficacy by Group IV with no CFU count. The cytotoxicity assay showed Groups III and IV to be the most aggressive, providing a decrease in cell viability at hour 0 from 100% to 77.3% and 68.6%, respectively. Such a decrease in cell viability was reverted, and after 72 hours Groups III and IV provided the greatest increase in cell viability, being statistically different from Groups I and II. Conclusion According to the applied methodology and the limitations of this study, it was possible to conclude that ozone therapy improved the decontamination of the root canal ex vivo. Ozone was toxic to the cells on first contact, but cell viability was recovered. Thus, these findings suggest that ozone might be useful to improve root canal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Goes Nogales
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Endodontia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marina Beloti Ferreira
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Endodontia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Antonio Fernando Montemor
- - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo - IBL Núcleo de Bionanomanufatura, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - José Luiz Lage-Marques
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Endodontia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - João Humberto Antoniazzi
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Endodontia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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