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Zhang H, Ren Y, Wang F, Tu X, Tong Z, Liu L, Zheng Y, Zhao P, Cheng J, Li J, Fang W, Liu X. The long-term effectiveness and mechanism of oncolytic virotherapy combined with anti-PD-L1 antibody in colorectal cancer patient. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00807-2. [PMID: 39068234 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known to be resistant to immunotherapy. In our phase-I clinical trial, one patient achieved a 313-day prolonged response during the combined treatment of oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms, we performed a comprehensive multi-omics analysis on this patient and three non-responders. Our investigation unveiled that, initially, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of this responder presented minimal infiltration of T cells and natural killer cells, along with a relatively higher presence of macrophages compared to non-responders. Remarkably, during treatment, there was a progressive increase in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells in the responder's tumor tissue. This was accompanied by a significant upregulation of transcription factors associated with T-cell activation and cytotoxicity, including GATA3, EOMES, and RUNX3. Furthermore, dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood samples from the responder revealed a rapid decrease in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), suggesting its potential as an early blood biomarker of treatment efficacy. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combined oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy in certain CRC patients and provide molecular evidence that virotherapy can potentially transform a "cold" TME into a "hot" one, thereby improving sensitivity to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yiqing Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Liu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
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Izakovicova P, Fassmann A, Dusek L, Izakovicova Holla L. Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms and periodontitis in a Caucasian population: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:288. [PMID: 38419025 PMCID: PMC10903033 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play important roles in protecting cells against oxidative stress and toxic chemicals. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 variants and their roles in periodontitis susceptibility in a Caucasian population. METHODS We analyzed 406 participants, including 204 healthy controls and 203 periodontitis patients. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was used to analyze GSTM1 and GSTT1 loci. GSTP1 variants were detected by PCR-haplotyping method in a subgroup of participants (N = 350). Chi-square or Fisher´s exact tests were used to compare genotypic and allelic differences. The Bonferroni method was applied to correct for multiple comparisons (pcorr). RESULTS The GSTM1 genotype distribution did not differ significantly between controls and periodontitis patients (p = 0.44). Additionally, the wild/null genotypes of GSTT1, Ile105Val and Ala114Val frequencies of GSTP1 were not significantly different between the two groups after correction for multiple comparisons (p = 0.05, p = 0.55, p = 0.02, pcorr>0.05, respectively). The GSTM1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val gene variants were similarly distributed between non-smokers and smokers in both groups (p = 0.38, p = 0.20, and p = 0.14, p = 0.35, respectively). However, the wild genotype of the GSTT1 and Ala114Ala variant of the GSTP1 genes were present more frequently in non-smoking periodontitis patients than in non-smoking controls (p = 0.03, pcorr>0.05, and p = 0.009, pcorr>0.05, respectively) although their frequencies did not differ between smoking periodontitis patients and smoking controls (p = 0.23, p = 0.68, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study in a Czech Caucasian population did not confirm a highly significant association between GST gene variants and susceptibility to periodontitis, as previously reported by Arshad and colleagues in Pakistanis. However, a weak relationship between GSTT1 and GSTP1 rs1138272 polymorphisms and periodontitis in non-smokers was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Izakovicova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Fassmann
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dusek
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
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dos Santos RTN, de Lima LPO, Muniz MTC, Álvares PR, da Silveira MMF, Sobral APV. Genetic polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 correlated with apical periodontitis: A Cross-sectional study. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:22-28. [PMID: 38133469 PMCID: PMC10759955 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukins 6 and 17 act in bone resorption in the presence of infections of endodontic origin for host defense. Genetic polymorphisms may be associated with increased bone loss, represented by areas of large periapical lesions. This study aimed to verify the frequency of interleukin 6 and 17 gene polymorphism in patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess and to verify the existence of correlations between periapical lesion area with age, gender, and presence of the polymorphism, in the studied population, in the state of Pernambuco. A population consisting of thirty diagnosed individuals was included. The area of the lesions was measured in mm². Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for interleukin 6 (rs 1800795) and interleukin 17 (rs 2275913). Fisher's exact, chi-square, and odds ratio tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was also performed using sex, age, and the presence of polymorphism as covariates, in addition to linear regression to test the relationship between age and lesion area. All tests used a significance level of 0.05% (p ≤0.05%). There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of large areas of periapical lesions correlated with age, sex, and diagnosis, nor in the distribution of alleles in the polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 in the studied groups. The frequency of homozygous and heterozygous polymorphism was high. The polymorphism of these interleukins is not correlated with the increase in the areas of asymptomatic periapical inflammatory lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pâmella Recco Álvares
- Departament of Stomatology and Oral and Maxilofacial Patology, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Veras Sobral
- Departament of Stomatology and Oral and Maxilofacial Patology, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Cruz A, Gascón LG, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Flores-García C, Espinoza-García N, Sagrero-Fabela N, Cintra LTA, Mejía-Flores R, Salazar-Camarena DC. TNFSF13B rs9514828 gene polymorphism and soluble B cell activating factor levels: Association with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2023; 56:419-431. [PMID: 36508294 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the association between the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (-871 C > T) polymorphism and soluble BAFF (sBAFF) in apical periodontitis (AP) patients. METHODOLOGY Two hundred and sixty one healthy subjects (HS) and 158 patients with AP classified as: 46 acute apical abscess (AAA), 81 primary AP (pAP) and 31 secondary AP (sAP) patients were included. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from peripheral blood cells according to the salting out method. The TNFSF13B rs9514828 (NC_000013.11:g.108269025C > T) were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Serum sBAFF levels were measured by ELISA test. The chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was performed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the risk of AP associated with the rs9514828. The Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis were used for non-normally distributed data. Differences were considered significant with a p-value <.05. RESULTS No differences in the genotype/allele frequencies were shown between HS and patients with AAA. However, the TT genotype (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.10-6.53; p = .025) and T allele (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00-2.12; p = .045) were associated with increased risk of pAP. In contrast, the minor allele T significantly decreased the risk of sAP (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.024-0.99; p = .043). sBAFF serum levels were increased in AAA and pAP compared with HS (p < .01 and p = .021, respectively). The AAA patients had higher sBAFF serum levels than pAP (p = .034) and sAP (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the TNFSF13B rs9514828 (-871 C > T) polymorphism is associated with pAP susceptibility and that BAFF is a cytokine that might be involved in acute and chronic AP. The future exploration of the rs9514828 polymorphism in other AP cohorts is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Cruz
- Posgrado en Endodoncia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomateriales Odontológicos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Gerardo Gascón
- Posgrado en Endodoncia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Christian Flores-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomateriales Odontológicos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Noemí Espinoza-García
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Dental Assistance Center for Disabled Persons (CAOE) of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rocío Mejía-Flores
- Posgrado en Endodoncia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Posgrado en Endodoncia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomateriales Odontológicos, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara, Mexico
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Nagendrababu V, Duncan HF, Fouad AF, Kirkevang LL, Parashos P, Pigg M, Vaeth M, Jayaraman J, Suresh N, Jakovljevic A, Dummer PMH. PROBE 2023 guidelines for reporting observational studies in endodontics: Explanation and elaboration. Int Endod J 2023; 56:652-685. [PMID: 36851874 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies play a critical role in evaluating the prevalence and incidence of conditions or diseases in populations as well as in defining the benefits and potential hazards of health-related interventions. There are currently no reporting guidelines for observational studies in the field of Endodontics. The Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) team has developed and published new reporting guidelines for observational-based studies called the 'Preferred Reporting items for OBservational studies in Endodontics (PROBE) 2023' guidelines. The PROBE 2023 guidelines were developed exclusively for the speciality of Endodontics by integrating and adapting the 'STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)' checklist and the 'Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP)' principles. The recommendations of the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines were adhered to throughout the process of developing the guidelines. The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide for authors by providing an explanation for each of the items in the PROBE 2023 checklist along with relevant examples from the literature. The document also offers advice to authors on how they can address each item in their manuscript before submission to a journal. The PROBE 2023 checklist is freely accessible and downloadable from the PRIDE website (http://pride-endodonticguidelines.org/probe/).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Pigg
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Vaeth
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jayakumar Jayaraman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nandini Suresh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Chennai, India
| | - Aleksandar Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Paul M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Arshad K, Ishfaq U, Asif M, Akbar A, Pitafi KF, Mulghani MR, Shaheen U, Saeed S, Arif M, Bashir A, Farooq M, Brook AH, Iqbal F. Association of GSTTI, M1 and Polymorphism in GSTPI with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:455. [PMID: 36833382 PMCID: PMC9957474 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic periodontal disease (CP) is a multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease that occurs due to the challenge between the immune response of the host and specific periodontal bacteria, and that can lead to tooth loss due to damage inflicted to the supporting tissue. The current study investigates the genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, along with the allelic frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP; rs1695] in the GSTP1 gene and correlates them individually or in various combinations with the incidence of CP. METHODS A total of 203 clinically confirmed CP patients and 201 control subjects were enrolled from Multan and Dera Ghazi Khan Districts in Pakistan from April to July 2022. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) approaches were applied to determine the genotypes of the studied GSTs. The association of rs1695 in GSTP1 with CP was studied both individually and in various combinations with GSTM1 and T1. RESULTS The absence of GSTM1, the presence of GSTT1 and the presence of the mutant allele (G) at rs1695 in GSTP1 were found to be significantly associated with CP. Patients aged between 10 and 30 years were more affected by CP. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the genotypes of the analyzed GSTs affect the levels of protection from oxidative stress and may therefore influence the disease progression in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Ishfaq
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Atif Akbar
- Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Uzman Shaheen
- Pathology Department, Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Suleman Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Bashir
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | | | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
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de Paula KM, Gomes CC, Valente MIB, Pires FR, Batistela Rodrigues Thuller KA, Salles L, Armada L. Evaluation of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, Osteopontin, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on Chronic Apical Periodontitis in Smokers. J Endod 2023; 49:137-143. [PMID: 36414095 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking can be considered a risk factor for chronic apical periodontitis (CAP). This study compared the immunoexpression of biomarkers receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in CAP in smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS Twelve smokers and 12 nonsmokers diagnosed with CAP and indicated for tooth extraction were selected. Exclusion factors were teeth with a diagnosis of root fracture, previous endodontic treatment, or endoperiodontal injury, in addition to individuals with systemic diseases, under 18 years of age, users of anti-inflammatory and/or antibiotics in the last 3 months, and drug users. Specimens were processed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Qualitative analysis of RANKL expression showed 66.66% weak/moderate and 33.33% strong in smokers and 100% weak/moderate in nonsmokers. OPG and OPN expressions were 100% negative to focal in the smoker group and 50% negative to focal and 50% weak/moderate in the nonsmoker group. TNF-α was 25% negative to focal and 75% weak/moderate in the smoker group and 33.33% negative to focal and 66.66% weak/moderate in the nonsmoker group. Quantitative analysis of the data using the Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was a significant difference in the immunoexpression of RANKL (P < .05), OPG (P < .05), and OPN (P < .05), but there was no statistical difference in the immunoexpression of TNF-α (P > .05) between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that smoking is capable of altering the inflammatory response, influencing the evolution of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Magalhães de Paula
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Cristina Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Isabel Bastos Valente
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katherine Azevedo Batistela Rodrigues Thuller
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Salles
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental Clinic Concentration Area, Department of Specific Formation, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Castro GAP, Petean IBF, de Paula-Silva FWG, Kuchler EC, Antunes LDS, Segato RAB, da Silva LAB, Silva-Sousa AC, Sousa-Neto MD. Genetic polymorphism in the tumour necrosis factor alpha gene (G-308A) is associated with persistent apical periodontitis in Brazilians. Int Endod J 2023; 56:17-26. [PMID: 36183324 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate if there was an association between genetic polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-⍺ and its receptors TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B with persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) in Brazilian subjects. METHODOLOGY Patients who had pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis at the time of treatment, with at least 1-year of follow-up after non-surgical root canal treatment were recalled. Three hundred and seventy eight subjects were included, 150 subjects with signs/symptoms of PAP and 228 subjects with root canal-treated teeth exhibiting healthy perirradicular tissues (healed). Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and used for TNF-⍺ (rs1800629), TNFRSF1A (rs1800693) and TNFRSF1B (rs1061622) genotyping by real-time PCR. Genotypes and alleles frequencies were evaluated by c2 or Fisher's exact tests and odds ratios were implemented (α = 5%). RESULTS The genetic polymorphism in TNF-α (rs1800629) was associated as a protective factor for the development of PAP (p < .05), once subjects who presented at least one allele A (AA+AG X GG), had a higher chance to lesion repair (p < .05). The polymorphisms rs1800693 and rs1061622 in TNF receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B, respectively) were not associated with the development of PAP (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The observed results demonstrate that polymorphism in TNF-α but not in its receptors is associated with PAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Calvano Kuchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos Antunes
- Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Specific Formation Department, School of Dentistry of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Segato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Petean IBF, Silva-Sousa AC, Cronenbold TJ, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Silva LABD, Segato RAB, Castro GAPD, Kuchler EC, Paula-Silva FWG, Damião Sousa-Neto M. Genetic, Cellular and Molecular Aspects involved in Apical Periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:1-11. [PMID: 36043561 PMCID: PMC9645190 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202205113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, establishment and repair of apical periodontitis (AP) is
dependent of several factors, which include host susceptibility, microbial
infection, immune response, quality of root canal treatment and organism's
ability to repair. The understanding of genetic contributions to the risk of
developing AP and presenting persistent AP has been extensively explored in
modern Endodontics. Thus, this article aims to provide a review of the
literature regarding the biochemical mediators involved in immune response
signaling, osteoclastogenesis and bone neoformation, as the genetic components
involved in the development and repair of AP. A narrative review of the
literature was performed through a PUBMED/MEDLINE search and a hand search of
the major AP textbooks. The knowledge regarding the cells, receptors and
molecules involved in the host's immune-inflammatory response during the
progression of AP added to the knowledge of bone biology allows the
identification of factors inherent to the host that can interfere both in the
progression and in the repair of these lesions. The main outcomes of studies
evaluated in the review that investigated the correlation between genetic
polymorphisms and AP in the last five years, demonstrate that genetic factors of
the individual are involved in the success of root canal treatment. The
discussion of this review gives subsides that may help to glimpse the
development of new therapies based on the identification of therapeutic targets
and the development of materials and techniques aimed at acting at the molecular
level for clinical, radiographic and histological success of root canal
treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Segato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Calvano Kuchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Jakovljevic A, Jacimovic J, Georgiou AC, Nikolic N, Aminoshariae A, van der Waal SV, Nagendrababu V. Single nucleotide polymorphisms as a predisposing factor for the development of apical periodontitis-An umbrella review. Int Endod J 2022; 55:700-713. [PMID: 35476797 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between heredity and different environmental factors in the modification of apical periodontitis (AP) susceptibility and prediction of its progression remain poorly elucidated. OBJECTIVES This umbrella review aimed to (i) analyse the available relevant systematic reviews in an attempt to determine the association between genotype and allelic distribution of different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the development of AP, (ii) report deficiencies and gaps in knowledge in this area and (iii) present recommendations to conduct future clinical studies and systematic reviews. METHODS A literature search was conducted using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from inception to October 2021, with no language restrictions, including a grey literature search. Systematic reviews with/without meta-analysis evaluating genotype and allelic distribution of different SNPs between adult patients with/ without AP were included. All other type of studies were excluded. The methodological quality was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR)-2 tool. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction and appraising the included reviews; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. RESULTS The current study includes five systematic reviews. Three reviews performed meta-analysis. Three reviews were graded by AMSTAR 2 as 'critically low' quality, whereas the other two were graded as 'low' and 'moderate' quality. Two reviews indicated that carriers of specific genotypes and alleles of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308 G > A and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) + 3954 C/T gene polymorphisms are more susceptible to an acute and persistent form of AP. However, high heterogeneity was observed. DISCUSSION The statistical heterogeneity within included systematic reviews was a consequence of clinical and methodological diversity amongst primary studies. Although some of the included reviews suggested that carriers of specific genotype and/or allele of TNF-α -308 G > A and IL-1β + 3954 C/T SNPs are more susceptible to AP, their conclusions should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS No candidate genes could be identified as a definitive genetic risk or protective factor for the development and progression of AP, and further high-quality genome-wide association studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Jacimovic
- Central Library, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Athina Christina Georgiou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Laboratory for Basic Science, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anita Aminoshariae
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Suzette V van der Waal
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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11
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Li Y, Ling J, Jiang Q. Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691013. [PMID: 34177950 PMCID: PMC8221428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast-osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Jakovljevic A, Nikolic N, Jacimovic J, Miletic M, Andric M, Milasin J, Aminoshariae A, Azarpazhooh A. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha -308 G/A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism and Apical Periodontitis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Endod 2021; 47:1061-1069. [PMID: 33775731 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to perform a more precise estimation of the association between tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) -308 G/A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of development of apical periodontitis (AP) and its phenotypes based on all available published studies. METHODS The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020176190). The literature search was conducted via Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to December 2020 with no language restrictions. Two reviewers were involved independently in the study selection, data extraction, and appraising the studies that were included. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. The frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of the TNF-α (G>A 308, rs1800629) gene with 95% odds ratio were used. RESULTS Four studies met the inclusion criteria with moderate risk of bias. This study revealed no significant association between TNF-α -308 G/A SNP and AP and the risk of AP development. Moreover, there was no significant association between genotype or allele frequency distribution and clinical manifestations (acute vs chronic) of AP. The certainty of evidence per the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was very low. CONCLUSIONS Because of very low certainty of evidence, whether there is an association between TNF-α -308 G/A SNP and AP warrants further well-designed multicentric studies to adjudicate a better understanding of the role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Jacimovic
- Central Library, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Miletic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Andric
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anita Aminoshariae
- Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Poornima L, Ravishankar P, Abbott PV, Subbiya A, PradeepKumar AR. Impact of root canal treatment on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in systemically healthy adults with apical periodontitis - a preliminary prospective, longitudinal interventional study. Int Endod J 2020; 54:501-508. [PMID: 33185278 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the influence of root canal treatment on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in systemically healthy human adults. METHODOLOGY Fifteen individuals aged 20-40 years diagnosed with apical periodontitis [Periapical Index (PAI) score ≥3] who were otherwise healthy took part in this prospective interventional study. Patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, systemic diseases and traditional cardiac risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and smoking) were excluded. Root canal treatment was completed in two visits with an inter-appointment calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament. After 6 months, healing of apical periodontitis was evaluated clinically and radiographically, and serum hsCRP levels were recorded. A paired sample T-test was used to compare the mean hsCRP values between the pre- and post-treatment groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare hsCRP values between patients with PAI scores of 3 and 4, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and postoperative PAI scores. RESULTS The mean preoperative baseline serum hsCRP level was 2.88 ± 1.06 mg L-1 which can be associated with a moderate risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on the preoperative hsCRP levels, eight of the 15 patients were categorized as high risk (hsCRP > 3 mg L-1 ) and the other seven as medium risk (hsCRP 1-3 mg L-1 ) for CVD. The mean preoperative hsCRP value of patients with a PAI score of 3 was 2.88 ± 1.19 mg L-1 , and the mean preoperative hsCRP of patients with a PAI score of 4 was 2.87 ± 0.15 mg L-1 , which was not significantly different (P = 0.942). Six months after root canal treatment, the mean PAI score had significantly reduced from 3.2 ± 0.42 to 1.4 ± 0.69 (P = 0.003). The PAI score had reduced to ≤2 in 87% of the patients, and the mean serum hsCRP levels had significantly reduced to 1.34 ± 0.52 mg L-1 (P < 0.001). Ten of the 15 patients had a reduction in their CVD risk status. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that root canal treatment can reduce serum hsCRP levels in systemically healthy individuals with apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poornima
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Ravishankar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P V Abbott
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - A Subbiya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A R PradeepKumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Jakovljevic A, Duncan HF, Nagendrababu V, Jacimovic J, Milasin J, Dummer PMH. Association between cardiovascular diseases and apical periodontitis: an umbrella review. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1374-1386. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Dental Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - H. F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology Dublin Dental University Hospital Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - V. Nagendrababu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry School of Dentistry International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - J. Jacimovic
- Central Library School of Dental Medicine University of Belgrade BelgradeSerbia
| | - J. Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics School of Dental Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - P. M. H. Dummer
- School of Dentistry College of Biomedical and Life Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
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15
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Sljivancanin Jakovljevic T, Jacimovic J, Nikolic N, Milasin J. Lack of association between glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to preeclampsia: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13303. [PMID: 32658338 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient response to oxidative stress in placenta is proposed as a contributing factor for preeclampsia (PE) development. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) have significant role in detoxification processes. Conflicting results were published by several research groups regarding GST T1 and GST M1 deletion polymorphism as risk factors for PE. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to get a better understanding of the impact of these polymorphisms in preeclampsia development. To identify relevant case-control studies, the author team searched Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, major subject journals, and gray literature. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for GST M1 and GST T1 deletion polymorphism and preeclampsia were derived from random effects models. This meta-analysis included 10 eligible studies. The pooled analyses showed no association between GST M1/GST T1 deletion polymorphisms and susceptibility to PE. Even though high heterogeneity was founded among results for GST M1 and double null genotypes, Egger's and Begg's tests (0.17 and 0.18, respectively) revealed no statistical evidence of publication bias among included studies. The present updated systematic review and meta-analysis found no association between GST M1 and GST T1 deletion polymorphism and PE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jelena Jacimovic
- Central Library, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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