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Vazão AR, Claudino L, Pimpinato PP, Sampaio LV, Fiais GA, de Freitas RN, Justo MP, Brito VGB, Oliveira SHP, Lima RR, Cintra LTÂ, Chaves-Neto AH. Experimental apical periodontitis alters salivary biochemical composition and induces local redox state disturbances in the salivary glands of male rats. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:154. [PMID: 38366095 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the effects of experimental apical periodontitis on the inflammatory, functional, biochemical, and redox parameters of the parotid and submandibular glands in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10): a control group and apical periodontitis group. After 28 days, the saliva was collected for salivary flow rate and biochemistry composition. Both glands were sampled for quantification of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and biochemical analyses of redox state. RESULTS TNF-α concentrations were higher in both salivary glands adjacent to the periapical lesions in animals with apical periodontitis and also compared to the control group. The apical periodontitis group increased the salivary amylase, chloride, potassium, calcium, and phosphate. The total oxidant capacity increased in the parotid gland adjacent to the periapical lesions in the same rat and compared to the control group. Conversely, the total antioxidant capacity of the parotid glands on both sides in the apical periodontitis group was lower than that in the control group. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase activity increased in the submandibular gland adjacent to the apical periodontitis group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Experimental apical periodontitis alters salivary biochemical composition, in addition to increasing inflammatory marker and inducing local disturbances in the redox state in the parotid and submandibular glands of male rats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Apical periodontitis could exacerbate the decline in oral health by triggering dysfunction in the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arieli Raymundo Vazão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Claudino
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Penati Pimpinato
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Victorino Sampaio
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alice Fiais
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayara Nogueira de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pagliusi Justo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Ângelo Cintra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Elhaieg A, Farag A, Elfadadny A, Yokoi A, Hendawy H, Mandour AS, Tanaka R. Effect of experimental periodontitis on cardiac functions: a comprehensive study using echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis, and histopathological evaluation in a rat model. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1327484. [PMID: 38179330 PMCID: PMC10764594 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a prevalent and severe dental condition characterized by the gradual degradation of the bone surrounding the teeth. Over the past two decades, numerous epidemiological investigations have suggested a potential link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. However, the complex mechanistic relationship between oral health issues and cardiovascular disorders remains unclear. Aim This study aimed to explore comprehensively the cardiac function through various methods, including conventional echocardiography, intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) analysis, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), and hemodynamics analysis. Methods Ligature-induced periodontitis was established in a group of rats while the second group served as sham. The successful establishment of the periodontitis model was confirmed through staining and radiographic examination of the affected mandibles. Results X-ray films and methylene blue staining revealed alveolar bone resorption in the affected first molar in the model rats, confirming the successful induction of periodontitis. The rats with periodontitis displayed a decrease in ejection fraction compared to the sham group, accompanied by a decrease in mid-to-apical IVPG and mid IVPG. Lower values of strain rate were recorded in the apical segment of the septum, the middle segment of the septum, and the basal segment of the lateral free wall in the periodontitis group, which was associated with histopathological examination showing some degree of myocardial tissue damage. Conversely, rats with periodontitis showed an increase in heart rate, end-systolic volume, and arterial elastance when compared to the sham rats. However, they also exhibited a decrease in stroke work, stroke volume, cardiac output, and end-systolic pressure. Conclusion This study suggests that experimental periodontitis may lead to cardiac dysfunction especially compromised systolic function and myocardial relaxation, potentially indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular events in clinical periodontitis cases. The comprehensive assessment of cardiac function, hemodynamics, and histopathological evaluation underscores the profound impact of periodontitis on heart functions within this specific experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Aimi Yokoi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hanan Hendawy
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Papic M, Zivanovic S, Vucicevic T, Vuletic M, Papic MV, Milivojević N, Mirić A, Miletic Kovacevic M, Zivanovic M, Stamenkovic M, Zivkovic V, Mitrovic S, Jakovljevic V, Ljujic B, Popovic M. Effects of direct pulp capping with recombinant human erythropoietin and/or mineral trioxide aggregate on inflamed rat dental pulp. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04868-z. [PMID: 37880442 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the dental pulp responses to recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) and/or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in pulp capping of inflamed dental pulp in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In accordance with ARRIVE guidelines, pulp inflammation was induced by exposing the maxillary first molars (n = 64) of Wistar rats (n = 32) to the oral environment for two days. The exposed pulps were randomly assigned four groups based on the pulp capping material: rhEPO, MTA, MTA + rhEPO, or an inert membrane. An additional eight rats formed the healthy control group. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized, and histological, qRT-PCR, and spectrophotometric techniques were employed to analyze the left maxillary segments, right first maxillary molars, and blood samples, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and < 0.001. RESULTS Pulp capping with rhEPO, MTA, or MTA + rhEPO resulted in lower inflammation and higher mineralization scores compared to untreated control. MTA + rhEPO group exhibited significantly decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 1-beta, while MTA group showed substantially reduced expression of interferon-gamma. Both rhEPO and MTA + rhEPO groups presented elevated dentin matrix protein 1 levels compared to untreated control. Furthermore, pulp capping with rhEPO and/or MTA led to increased transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression and reductions of pro-inflammatory/immunoregulatory cytokine ratios and prooxidative markers. Pulp capping with rhEPO also resulted in increase of systemic antioxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Capping with rhEPO or MTA + rhEPO resulted in a favorable effect that was similar or even superior to that of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Str. 69, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Suzana Zivanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Str. 69, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tamara Vucicevic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Str. 69, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Miona Vuletic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Str. 69, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Mirjana V Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Str. 69, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nevena Milivojević
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana Mirić
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Miletic Kovacevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko Zivanovic
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ljujic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Popovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Str. 69, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
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