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Bobotis BC, Braniff O, Gargus M, Akinluyi ET, Awogbindin IO, Tremblay MÈ. Sex differences of microglia in the healthy brain from embryonic development to adulthood and across lifestyle influences. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110752. [PMID: 37652267 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the central nervous system innate immune cells, play a critical role in maintaining a homeostatic environment in the brain throughout life. These cells exhibit an impressive range of functions and characteristics that help to ensure proper functioning of the brain. Notably, microglia can present differences in their genetic and physical traits, which can be influenced by a range of factors, including age, environmental exposures, disease, and sex. Remarkably, microglia have been found to express receptors for sex hormones, suggesting that these hormones may play a role in modulating microglial behavior and potentially contribute to sex differences. Additionally, sex-chromosomal factors were shown to impact microglial genetics and functioning. In this review, we will examine how microglial responses in homeostasis are impacted by their interaction with sex hormones and sex chromosomes. Specifically, our investigation will focus on examining this interaction from embryonic development to adulthood, and the influence of lifestyle elements on various microglial features, including density and distribution, morphology, transcriptome, and proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Braniff
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Makenna Gargus
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Oluleke Awogbindin
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neuroimmunology Group, Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Santos VA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Carvalho HF, Taboga SR. The complex role of telocytes in female prostate tumorigenesis in a rodent model. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1495-1509. [PMID: 35598087 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is not an organ exclusive to the male. It is also found in females of several species, including humans, in which part of the Skene gland is homologous to the male prostate. Evidence is accumulating that changes in the stroma are central to tumorigenesis. Equally, telocytes, a recently discovered type of interstitial cell, are essential for the maintenance of stromal organization. However, it is still uncertain whether there are telocytes in the female prostate and if they play a role in tumorigenesis. The present study used ultrastructural and immunofluorescence techniques to investigate the presence of telocytes in the prostate of Mongolian gerbil females, a rodent model that often has a functional prostate in females, as well as to assess the impact of a combination of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, testosterone, and estradiol on telocytes. The results point to the presence of telocytes in the female prostate in the perialveolar and interalveolar regions, and reveal that these cells are absent in regions of benign and premalignant lesions in the gland, in which the perialveolar smooth muscle is altered. Additionally, telocytes are also closely associated with infiltrated immune cells in the stroma. Our data suggest that telocytes are important for both the maintenance of smooth muscle and prostatic epithelium integrity, which indicates a protective role against the advancement of tumorigenesis. But telocytes are also associated with immune cells and a proinflammatory/proangiogenic role for these cells cannot be ruled out, implying that telocytes have a complex role in prostatic tumorigenesis in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória A Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Sanches BDA, Maldarine JS, Vilamaior PSL, Felisbino SL, Carvalho HF, Taboga SR. Stromal cell interplay in prostate development, physiology, and pathological conditions. Prostate 2021; 81:926-937. [PMID: 34254335 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in prostatic stroma studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that the stroma not only supports and nourishes the gland's secretory epithelium but also participates in key aspects of morphogenesis, in the prostate's hormonal metabolism, and in the functionality of the secretory epithelium. Furthermore, the stroma is implicated in the onset and progression of prostate cancer through the formation of the so-called reactive stroma, which corresponds to a tumorigenesis-permissive microenvironment. Prostatic stromal cells are interconnected and exchange paracrine signals among themselves in a gland that is highly sensitive to endocrine hormones. There is a growing body of evidence that telocytes, recently detected interstitial cells that are also present in the prostate, are involved in stromal organization, so that their processes form a network of interconnections with both the epithelium and the other stromal cells. The present review provides an update on the different types of prostate stromal cells, their interrelationships and implications for prostate development, physiology and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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4
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Zanatelli M, Colleta SJ, Guerra LHA, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Prolactin promotes a partial recovery from the atrophy of both male and female gerbil prostates caused by castration. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:94. [PMID: 34158080 PMCID: PMC8218528 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The male and female prostates are controlled by steroid hormones, suffering important morphological and physiological changes after castration. Prolactin is involved in the regulation of the male prostate, having already been identified in the tissue, acting through its receptor PRLR. In the Mongolian gerbil, in addition to the male prostate, the female prostate is also well developed and active in its secretion processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to exogenous prolactin in the prostate of both intact and castrated male and female gerbils in order to establish if prolactin administration can sustain prostate cell activity in conditions of sexual hormone deprivation. METHODS The morphological analyses were performed by biometric analysis, lesion histological analysis and morphometric-stereological aspects. In addition, immune-cytochemical tests were performed for prolactin and its receptor, as well as for the receptors of androgen and oestrogen and serum prolactin dosage. All data were submitted to ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for comparison between groups. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The results showed a strong influence of prolactin on the morphology of the prostate, with the development of important epithelial alterations, after only 3 days of administration, and an expressive epithelial cell discard process after 30 days of administration. Prolactin acts in synergy with testosterone in males and mainly with oestrogens in females, establishing different steroid hormonal receptor immunoreactivity according to sex. It was also demonstrated that prolactin can assist in the recovery from some atrophic effects caused in the gland after castration, without causing additional tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS The prolactin and its receptor are involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of male and female gerbils, and also cause distinct histological alterations after exogenous exposure for 3 and 30 days. The effects of prolactin are related to its joint action on androgens and oestrogens and it can also assist in the recovery from the atrophic effects of castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, SP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Simone Jacovaci Colleta
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | | | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, SP, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | - Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, SP, Campinas, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil.
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5
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The Influence of Pregnancy on Female Prostate Morphophysiology in Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2468-2479. [PMID: 33591562 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Morphophysiological changes of the female prostate during pregnancy are still little known. Considering that this gland is highly influenced by steroid hormones, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pregnancy on female prostate morphophysiology in gerbils. Pregnant females were timed, and the prostates were analyzed at pregnancy days 6 (P6), 12 (P12), 18 (P18), and 24 (P24). Virgin females were used as the control group (C). We observed a profound change in the hormonal profile during gestation, which was marked by a high oscillation of the progesterone (P4) hormone. P4 serum levels increased, peaking at the middle of gestation, and decreased to the end of the pregnancy. The morphology of the gland in pregnant females also changed, being marked by an increase of acini lumen, and a decrease in stroma. Indeed, the acinar changes during pregnancy were followed by a significant reduction of the epithelial height, besides a change of the smooth muscle cells' morphology that became more relaxed. The number of progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR)-positives cells decreased with the increase of progesterone serum levels, showing an inverse relationship. Finally, we observed a reduction of epithelial proliferation and a significant increase of gland PAS-positive secretion at the end of pregnancy. Altogether, these results showed, for the first time, that the female prostate morphophysioloy is profoundly influenced by the gestational period, suggesting that the fluctuation of the P4 serum levels is the main factor influencing the gland during this period.
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6
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Sanches BDA, Leonel ECR, Maldarine JS, Tamarindo GH, Barquilha CN, Felisbino SL, Goés RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Telocytes are associated with tissue remodeling and angiogenesis during the postlactational involution of the mammary gland in gerbils. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2512-2523. [PMID: 32856745 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The postlactational involution of the mammary gland is a complex process. It involves the collapse of the alveoli and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, which in turn implies a complex set of interrelations between the epithelial, stromal, and extracellular matrix elements. The telocytes, a new type of CD34-positive stromal cell that differs from fibroblasts in morphological terms and gene expression, were detected in the stroma of several tissues, including the mammary gland; however, their function remains elusive. The present study employed three-dimensional reconstructions and immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence techniques in histological sections of the mammary gland of the Mongolian gerbil during lactation and postlactational involution to evaluate the presence of telocytes and to investigate a possible function for these cells. By means of immunofluorescence assays for CD34 and c-kit, major markers of telocytes, and also through morphological and ultrastructural evidences, telocytes were observed to surround the mammary ducts and collapsing alveoli. It was also found that these cells are associated with matrix metalloproteinase 9, which indicates that telocytes can play a role in extracellular matrix digestion, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, a factor that promotes angiogenesis. Together, these data indicate that telocytes are a distinct cell type in the mammary gland and, for the first time, show that these cells possibly play a role in tissue remodeling and angiogenesis during the postlactional involution of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C R Leonel
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme H Tamarindo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Barquilha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Goés
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Cabral ÁS, Lima MLD, Guerra LHA, Baraldi CMB, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Prenatal exposure to finasteride promotes sex-specific changes in gerbil prostate development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1719-1729. [PMID: 31248476 DOI: 10.1071/rd19106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Finasteride is a drug that is widely used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, hair loss and even as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, its use is known to cause several side effects in adults and it can also cause changes in the embryonic development of the male prostate, which is a cause for concern given the possibility of the accumulation of finasteride in the environment. Nevertheless, no studies have investigated the effects of finasteride on the development of the prostate in females, which occurs in several species of mammals. To evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to finasteride (500μgkg-1 day-1) on postnatal prostate development in the Mongolian gerbil in the present study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serological analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques. Differences were observed in the effects of finasteride on periductal smooth muscle and cell proliferation between the sexes, as well as intersex differences in the presence of the androgen receptor, which was elevated in males, and the oestrogen receptor ERα, which was increased in females. Together, the data indicate that the female prostate has its own hormone dynamics and that there are sex-specific differences in the way in which the female prostate reacts to prenatal exposure to finasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Avenue, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Avenue, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágata S Cabral
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L D Lima
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz H A Guerra
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M B Baraldi
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília F Calmon
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Avenue, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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8
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Gomes LDS, Lima DDS, Costa JR, Silva CRBD, Marques MR, Brito PVDA, Biancardi MF, Taboga SR, Ghedini PC, Santos FCAD. Neonatal exposure to aluminum chloride disrupts branching morphogenesis and hormonal signaling of the ventral male prostate and female prostate of gerbils. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126559. [PMID: 32485499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNG Exposure to environmental pollutants in critical developmental windows may predispose the prostate to permanent changes in its homeostasis. Thus, it is essential to know the effects that environmental toxics, such as aluminum, can cause during the development of this gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neonatal aluminum exposure on the ventral male prostate and the female prostate of 15 days old gerbils. METHODS Male and female gerbils were exposed orally to 10 mg/kg/day of aluminum chloride from the 1st to the 14th postnatal day life. At 15 days of life, gerbils were euthanized and their prostates were collected for biometric, morphological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction analyzes. RESULTS Al exposure caused a reduction in body weight in males and a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in females. Prostate branching morphogenesis was intensified in males, who had greater length, number and area of prostatic epithelial buds. Additionally, Al altered the prostate hormonal regulation of males and females, causing up regulation of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in the female prostate, and increased immunostaining of the androgen receptor in the ventral male prostate. These changes were associated with an increased rate of epithelial and stromal cell proliferation in both sexes. CONCLUSION Together, these results indicate that Al altered the neonatal development of the prostate and that this metal acted as an endocrine disruptor in this gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana da Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Danilo da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Janaína Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Rio Branco da Silva
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mara Rúbia Marques
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Pedro Vale de Azevedo Brito
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Biancardi
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054000, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Ghedini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania Goias 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Alcantara Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil.
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9
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Santos VA, Amaro GM, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Low-dose in utero exposure to finasteride promotes developmental changes in both male and female gerbil prostates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:15-26. [PMID: 31454150 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is an accessory reproductive gland that is sensitive to the action of exogenous compounds known as endocrine disrupters that alter normal hormonal function. Finasteride is a widely used chemical that acts to inhibit the conversion of testosterone in its most active form, dihydrotestosterone. It is known that intrauterine exposure to finasteride causes changes in the male prostate even at low dosages; however, it is not known whether these dosages are capable of causing changes in the female prostate, which is present in a large number of mammalian species, including humans. In the present study, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serological dosages, and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to a low dose of finasteride (100 μg.BW/d) on postnatal prostate development in male and female Mongolian gerbils. The results indicate that the gerbil female prostate also undergoes alterations following intrauterine exposure to finasteride, exhibiting a thickening of periductal smooth muscle and increased stromal proliferation. There are also intersex differences in the impact of exposure on the expression of the androgen receptor, which was increased in males, and of the estrogen-α receptor, which was decreased in the male prostate but unchanged in females. Altogether, this study indicates there are sex differences in the effects of finasteride exposure even at low dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória A Santos
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Amaro
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília F Calmon
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Sanches BDA, Carvalho HF, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Differences between male and female prostates in terms of physiology, sensitivity to chemicals and pathogenesis-A review in a rodent model. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:27-35. [PMID: 31393043 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is a gland that is not exclusively present in males, being also found in females of several mammalian species, including humans. There is evidence that the prostate in both sexes is affected by the same pathologies such as prostatitis, benign alterations and even cancer. In view of the difficulties of manipulating the prostate gland, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a rodent species with high incidence of functional prostates in females, is widely used in studies of the female prostate. However, despite knowing much about the similarities between the female and male prostate, little emphasis has been placed on the differences between them. This review investigates the intersex differences in prostate development, physiology and pathogenesis. The female prostate develops earlier than in males and studies indicate that it is more sensitive to oestrogens than the male prostate, as well as being more sensitive to exposure to xenoestrogens, such as Bisphenol A and methylparaben, with a higher susceptibility to benign lesions in the adult and senile prostate than in males. In addition, the female prostate is impacted by pregnancy and the oestrous cycle, and is also dependent on progesterone. The peculiarities of the female prostate raise concerns about the risk of it undergoing neglected changes as a result of environmental chemicals, since safe dosages are established exclusively for the male prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Zanatelli M, Custodio AMG, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Falleiros LR, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Ovariectomy increases the phenotypic plasticity of the female prostate epithelium in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1751-1762. [PMID: 27737729 DOI: 10.1071/rd16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The female prostate is a reproductive gland that typically presents a morphology similar to that of the male gland and is highly developed in female Mongolian gerbils. Two main cell populations compose the epithelium gland: basal and secretory luminal cells. However, during postnatal development, diverse secretory cell phenotypes are distributed among the typical ones. Prostate homeostasis is under the control of sexual hormones, such as oestrogen and progesterone. After hormonal deprivation the female gland undergoes several morphophysiological changes. The objective of this study was to identify and characterise, structurally and ultrastructurally, the cellular heterogeneity of the female prostate epithelium in normal conditions and after ovariectomy. Histological routine stains, such as haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and silver impregnation, as well as immunocytochemical techniques were used to enable identification of the different cell types. Some secretory cells types were identified and characterised as mucinous, basophil, clear, ciliated, droplet, spumous and neuroendocrine cells. Population tally data showed that the hormonal suppression caused by ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in the proportions of basophil and clear cells and an increase in spumous cells. Thus, the secretory epithelial cells of the female gerbil prostate are not morphologically and functionally uniform, presenting a phenotypical plasticity according to the hormonal environment in which they operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M G Custodio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Falleiros
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP/IBILCE, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP/IBILCE, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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12
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Zani BC, Sanches BDA, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Barquilha CN, Zucão MI, Baraldi CMB, Felisbino SL, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Telocytes role during the postnatal development of the Mongolian gerbil jejunum. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:130-138. [PMID: 30003874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes are recently categorised CD34-positive interstitial cells that comprise the cells which were previously called interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs). These were detected in the stroma of various organs such as the prostate, lungs, mammary glands, liver, gallbladder, and jejunum, among others. Several functions have been proposed for telocytes, such as a supportive role in smooth muscle contraction and immune function in adult organs, and tissue organisation and paracrine signalling during development, as well as others. In the jejunum, little is known about the function of telocytes in the adult organ, or is there any information about when these cells develop or if they could have an auxiliary role in the development of the jejunum. The present study employed histological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques on histological sections of the jejunum of Mongolian gerbil pups on two different days of postnatal development of the jejunum, covering the maturation period of the organ. By immunolabelling for CD34, it was observed that telocytes are already present in the jejunum during the first week of postnatal life and exist in close association with the developing muscularis mucosae, which are therefore TGFβ1-positive. The telocytes are still present at the end of the first month of life, and a portion of them present co-localisation with c-Kit. Fibroblast-like cells, which are exclusively c-Kit-positive, are also observed, which may indicate the presence of interstitial Cajal cells (ICCs). Finally, it can be hypothesised that a portion of the telocytes may give rise to ICCs, which are c-Kit-positive but CD34 negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Zani
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás 74001970, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Barquilha
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St., 250, Rubião Júnior District, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Mariele I Zucão
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M B Baraldi
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Felisbino
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin St., 250, Rubião Júnior District, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Intrauterine exposure to 17β-oestradiol (E2) impairs postnatal development in both female and male prostate in gerbil. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Sanches BDA, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Pinto-Fochi ME, Antoniassi JQ, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Intrauterine exposure to oestradiol promotes sex-specific differential effects on the prostatic development of neonate gerbils. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1184-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D. A. Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Maldarine
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Manoel F. Biancardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. A. Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology; Federal University of Goiás; Samambaia II Goiânia Goiás 74001970 Brazil
| | - Maria E. Pinto-Fochi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Julia Q. Antoniassi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel s/n Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rejane M. Góes
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Patrícia S. L. Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sebastião R. Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; Univ. Estadual Paulista − UNESP; Rua Cristóvão Colombo São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis; São Paulo State University; 2265, Cristóvão Colombo Street, Jardim Nazareth São José do Rio Preto São Paulo 15054-000 Brazil
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15
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Antoniassi JQ, Fochi RA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Corticosterone influences gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) prostatic morphophysiology and alters its proliferation and apoptosis rates. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:134-146. [PMID: 28664583 PMCID: PMC5573771 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones that are widely used in medicine; but although side effects are generally recognised, little is known about the precise mechanisms that is implicated in many of these side effects. Furthermore, GCs are highly correlated with stress and behaviour disorders. This study evaluated the effects of the glucocorticoid corticosterone on the ventral prostate of the Mongolian gerbil. Male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) (n = 5) received intraperitoneal injections of saline or corticosterone in doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day and 1.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days; while some of the animals were killed immediately after the treatment, the others were killed 5 days after the treatment period. The data show that corticosterone influences the structure and functionality of this organ. This hormone has anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties in the prostate. In addition, the frequencies of the androgen (AR), oestrogen (ERα, ERβ) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors changed. The frequencies of AR, GR and ERβ decreased in the Ct1/5 group; in the groups with rest period, the frequencies of GR increased and ERβ decreased in the epithelium. Changes in the proliferative index, apoptotic index and receptor activity may have contributed to the emergence of prostatic morphological alterations, such as the presence of cellular debris and inflammatory cells. Different doses of corticosterone had variable effects on the prostate, with a higher dose showing subtler effects and a lower dose showing more striking effects. The corticosterone effects on nuclear receptors were reverted or attenuated after a rest period, which was not observed for proliferation and apoptosis. In summary, we have demonstrated that corticosterone might influence the prostatic morphophysiology and that these changes may be linked in some way to the altered receptor distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Quilles Antoniassi
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Fochi
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE)University Estadual Paulista (UNESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE)University Estadual Paulista (UNESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE)University Estadual Paulista (UNESP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyInstitute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE)University Estadual Paulista (UNESP)São PauloBrazil
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16
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Colleta SJ, Antoniassi JQ, Zanatelli M, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Acute exposure to bisphenol A and cadmium causes changes in the morphology of gerbil ventral prostates and promotes alterations in androgen-dependent proliferation and cell death. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:48-61. [PMID: 26537420 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and cadmium (Cd) are environmental pollutants that are implicated in potential reproductive effects, including damage to the prostate gland. Their action during puberty requires analysis to determine the relationship of these compounds with the testosterone peak that occurs during this phase. This study evaluated whether exposure to BPA and Cd during puberty can cause changes in the morphology, proliferation and cell death and androgen receptor (AR) immunostaining of the ventral prostates of normal and castrated male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), considering an acute exposure to the chemicals and evaluation after short (52d) and long (120d) periods. Generally, morphometric-stereological results demonstrated that administration of BPA and Cd (individually or in combination) increased epithelial height, smooth muscle layer (SML) thickness and nuclear area and perimeter, and that these parameters were reduced in castrated animals. In addition, these groups showed important inflammatory processes but not prostate lesions. The proliferation/death rates of prostatic cells obtained by PCNA and TUNEL immunostaining demonstrated increased cell death in the 52d groups; in contrast, the gland acquired a more proliferative nature in the 120d groups. AR immunostaining showed that BPA and Cd compounds interact with ARs in different ways depending on the evaluated period and the hormonal profile of the animal. We conclude that BPA and cadmium are important agents in changing the morphology, proliferation and death of prostatic cells, in addition to interacting with ARs in different patterns. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 48-61, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J Colleta
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Q Antoniassi
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology Structural and Functional, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Falleiros-Júnior LR, Perez APS, Taboga SR, Dos Santos FCA, Vilamaior PSL. Neonatal exposure to ethinylestradiol increases ventral prostate growth and promotes epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation in adult male gerbils. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 97:380-388. [PMID: 27917613 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse morphologically the ventral prostate of adult Mongolian gerbils exposed to ethinylestradiol (EE) during the first week of postnatal development. Lactating females received daily, by gavage, doses of 10 μg/kg of EE diluted in 100 μl of mineral oil from the 1st to 10th postnatal day of the pups (EE group). In the control group (C), the lactating females received only the vehicle. Upon completing 120 days of age, the male offspring were euthanized and the prostates collected for analyses. We employed morphological, stereological-morphometrical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. The results showed that the postnatal exposure to EE doubled the prostatic complex weight, increasing the epithelial and stromal compartments, in addition to the secretory activity of the ventral lobe of the prostate. All glands exposed to EE showed strong stromal remodelling, and some foci of epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltrate in both luminal and epithelial or stromal compartments. Cells positive for anti-AR and anti-PCNA reactions increased into the epithelial and stromal tissues. ERα-positive cells, which are normally found in the stromal compartment of intact prostates, were frequently observed in the prostatic epithelium of treated animals. This study demonstrated that the exposure to EE during postnatal development causes histophysiological alterations in this gland, predisposing to the development of prostatic lesions during life. These results are important for public health, considering that women worldwide have commonly used EE. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of this chemical has increased in different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz R Falleiros-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Perez
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Campinas State University - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Dos Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S L Vilamaior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Rodríguez DAO, de Lima RF, Campos MS, Costa JR, Biancardi MF, Marques MR, Taboga SR, Santos FCA. Intrauterine exposure to bisphenol A promotes different effects in both neonatal and adult prostate of male and female gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1740-1750. [PMID: 26443714 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Substances that mimic endogenous hormones may alter the cell signaling that govern prostate development and predispose it to developing lesions in adult and senile life. Bisphenol A is able to mimic estrogens, and studies have demonstrated that low levels of exposure to this compound have caused alterations during prostate development. The aim of this study was to describe the prostate development in both male and female neonatal gerbils in normal conditions and under exposure to BPA during intrauterine life, and also to analyze whether the effects of intrauterine exposure to BPA remain in adulthood. Morphological, stereological, three-dimensional reconstruction, and immunohistochemical methods were employed. The results demonstrated that in 1-day-old normal gerbils, the female paraurethral glands and the male ventral lobe are morphologically similar, although its tissue components-epithelial buds (EB), periurethral mesenchyme (PeM), paraurethral mesenchyme (PaM) or ventral mesenchymal pad (VMP), and smooth muscle (SM)-have presented different immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor (AR), and for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Moreover, we observed a differential response of male and female prostate to intrauterine BPA exposure. In 1-day-old males, the intrauterine exposure to BPA caused a decrease of AR-positive cells in the PeM and SM, and a decrease of the proliferative status in the EB. In contrast, no morphological alterations were observed in ventral prostate of adult males. In 1-day-old females, BPA exposure promoted an increase of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive cells in PeM and PaM, a decrease of AR-positive cells in EB and PeM, besides a reduction of cell proliferation in EB. Additionally, the adult female prostate of BPA-exposed animals presented an increase of AR- and PCNA-positive cells. These results suggest that the prostate of female gerbils were more susceptible to the intrauterine BPA effects, since they became more proliferative in adult life. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1740-1750, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A O Rodríguez
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus II Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F de Lima
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus II Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mônica S Campos
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054000, Brazil
| | - Janaína R Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus II Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus II Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Mara R Marques
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus II Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Campus II Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
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19
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Sanches BD, Maldarine JS, Zani BC, Biancardi MF, Santos FC, Góes RM, Vilamaior PS, Taboga SR. The Expression of the Androgen Receptor and Estrogen Receptor 1 is Related to Sex Dimorphism in the Gerbil Prostate Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:1130-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D.A. Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana S. Maldarine
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bruno C. Zani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Manoel F. Biancardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernanda C.A. Santos
- Department of Morphology; Federal University of Goias, Samambaia II; Goiania Goias Brazil
| | - Rejane M. Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Patricia S.L. Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sebastião R. Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; State University of Campinas; Av. Bertrand Russel S/N Campinas São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Rua Cristóvão Colombo; Universal Estadual Paulista, UNESP; São José Do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
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Sanches BDA, Zani BC, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Postnatal development of Mongolian gerbil female prostate: An immunohistochemical and 3D modeling study. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:438-46. [PMID: 26971884 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of the prostate in male rodents, which involves complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between the urogenital sinus epithelium (UGE) and the urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM), has been deeply studied. In females, however, this process is not very clear. In this study, the postnatal development of the prostate in female Mongolian gerbils employing three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques was characterized. It was observed that prostatic branching and differentiation in females was induced by a single mesenchyme localized at a ventrolateral position, which was named as ventrolateral mesenchyme (VLM); furthermore, the canalization of solid buds began on the third postnatal day (P3) and the branching morphogenesis on P5. We observed secretions in the acini at the end of the first month, and, on P45, the acini were completely differentiated. The strong cell proliferation phase in the first week coincided with the mesenchymal expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). The expression of androgen receptor (AR) paralleled cell differentiation, and, on P30, immunolabelling with p63 was restricted to basal cells. This study serves as a baseline parameter for future research on disruptions that could affect the development of the female prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Av. Bertrand Russel s/n, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Zani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goias, Samambaia II, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goias, Samambaia II, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Cristovão Colombo, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pinto-Fochi ME, Negrin AC, Scarano WR, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Sexual maturation of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): a histological, hormonal and spermatic evaluation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:815-23. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the phases of sexual development of the male Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) based on an integrative analysis of testicular morphology, hormonal data and sperm parameters. Male gerbils were analysed at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 50, 60, 70, 90, 100 and 120 days of age. Body, testicular and epididymal weights increased up to Day 70, 60 and 90, respectively. The impuberal phase, characterised by the presence of gonocytes, extended until Day 14. The prepubertal period lasted until Day 42, when puberty was achieved and a drastic increase in serum testosterone levels, mature adult Leydig cells and elongated spermatids was observed. Gerbils at 60 days of age showed a remarkable number of spermatozoa in the testis, epididymidis caput/corpus and cauda, and at Day 70 the maximum daily sperm production was reached. However, the gerbil may be considered sexually mature only from Day 90 onward, when sperm reserves become stable. The total transit time of spermatozoa along the epididymis of sexually mature gerbils was 11 days, with 1 day in the caput/corpus and 10 days in the cauda. These data cover a lacuna regarding the reproductive parameters of this rodent and provide foundations for its use in testicular toxicology studies.
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