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Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta: A Frequency Analysis of Secular Change. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.85.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial relaxation of natural selection beginning around 1900 changed the mutation/selection balance of modern genetic material, producing an increase in variable anatomical structures. While multiple structures have been affected, the temporal increase in variations of the sacrum, specifically, ‘Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta,’ have been reliably demonstrated on a localised scale. Calculation of largescale frequency has been hindered by the localised nature of these publications, the morphological variability of this variation, and potential pathological associations, which have produced divergent classifications, and conflicting reported rates of occurrence. A systematic review of the reported literature was conducted to provide an objective analysis of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta frequency from 2500 BCE to the present. This review was designed to compensate for observed inconsistencies in reporting and to ascertain, for the first time, the temporal trajectory of this secular trend. A systematic review of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta literature was conducted through the strict use of clinical meta-analysis criteria. Publications were retrieved from four databases: PubMed, Embase, the Adelaide University Library database, and Google Scholar. Data were separated into three historical groups, (1 = <1900, 2 = 1900 to 1980 and 3 = >1980), and frequency outcomes compared, to determine temporal rates of occurrence.
A total of 39/409 publications were included in the final analysis, representing data for 16,167 sacra, spanning a period of 4,500 years. Statistically significant results were obtained, with total open S1 frequency increasing from 2.34%, (79 to 1900CE), to 4.80%, (1900 to 1980CE) and to 5.43% (>1980CE). These increases were significant at p<0.0001, with Chi-squared analysis. A clear secular increase in the global frequency of Sacral Spina Bifida Occulta has been demonstrated from 1900 to the present. This research provides a novel and adaptable framework for the future assessment of variation distribution, with important implications for the fields of biological anthropology and bioarchaeology.
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Ozbagcivan O, Ayozcan DF, Lebe B. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus on dimples: a striking example of immunocompromised cutaneous district. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e817-e819. [PMID: 34242434 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Ozbagcivan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - D F Ayozcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - B Lebe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Restano L, Zussino M, Cambiaghi S, Gelmetti C. Intrauterine big toenail imprints: A new cause of congenital skin dimples. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:226-227. [PMID: 31602696 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital skin dimples (SD) are small cutaneous depressions that can be noted on any part of the body and may be caused by traumatic, mechanical, metabolic, and genetic factors as well as by exposure to infections or drugs. We describe 3 cases of unrelated healthy newborns displaying SD and discuss as a possible explanation the persistent friction of the big toenail onto the immature skin of the fetus during intrauterine life causing as depression in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Restano
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dipartimento Donna-Bambino-Neonato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Zussino
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cambiaghi
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dipartimento Donna-Bambino-Neonato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Gelmetti
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Dipartimento Donna-Bambino-Neonato, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Del Campo M, Feitosa IML, Ribeiro EM, Horovitz DDG, Pessoa ALS, França GVA, García-Alix A, Doriqui MJR, Wanderley HYC, Sanseverino MVT, Neri JICF, Pina-Neto JM, Santos ES, Verçosa I, Cernach MCSP, Medeiros PFV, Kerbage SC, Silva AA, van der Linden V, Martelli CMT, Cordeiro MT, Dhalia R, Vianna FSL, Victora CG, Cavalcanti DP, Schuler-Faccini L. The phenotypic spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:841-857. [PMID: 28328129 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In October 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH). In response, the Brazilian Society of Medical Genetics established a task force (SBGM-ZETF) to study the phenotype of infants born with microcephaly due to ZIKV congenital infection and delineate the phenotypic spectrum of this newly recognized teratogen. This study was based on the clinical evaluation and neuroimaging of 83 infants born during the period from July, 2015 to March, 2016 and registered by the SBGM-ZETF. All 83 infants had significant findings on neuroimaging consistent with ZIKV congenital infection and 12 had confirmed ZIKV IgM in CSF. A recognizable phenotype of microcephaly, anomalies of the shape of skull and redundancy of the scalp consistent with the Fetal Brain Disruption Sequence (FBDS) was present in 70% of infants, but was most often subtle. In addition, features consistent with fetal immobility, ranging from dimples (30.1%), distal hand/finger contractures (20.5%), and feet malpositions (15.7%), to generalized arthrogryposis (9.6%), were present in these infants. Some cases had milder microcephaly or even a normal head circumference (HC), and other less distinctive findings. The detailed observation of the dysmorphic and neurologic features in these infants provides insight into the mechanisms and timings of the brain disruption and the sequence of developmental anomalies that may occur after prenatal infection by the ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Del Campo
- Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, San Diego, California
| | - Ian M L Feitosa
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Dafne D G Horovitz
- Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alfredo García-Alix
- Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria V T Sanseverino
- SIAT-Brazilian Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - João M Pina-Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Departamento de Genetica, Universidade de Sao Paolo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Islane Verçosa
- Centro de Aperfeiçoamento Visual Ver a Esperança Renascer/CAVIVER, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mirlene C S P Cernach
- Departamento de Genetica Medica, Universidade Federal de Sao Paolo (UNIFESP), Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | | | | | - André A Silva
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- SIAT-Brazilian Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- UNIVATES University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marli T Cordeiro
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dhalia
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S L Vianna
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- SIAT-Brazilian Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise P Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Genetica Medica, Universidade de Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
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Spinal lipoma of the filum terminale: review of 174 consecutive patients. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:1265-72. [PMID: 27060067 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal lipoma of the filum terminale (LFT) is a congenital lumbosacral anomaly that can cause tethered cord syndrome. Purposes of this study are to clarify preoperative characteristics of LFT, to elucidate surgical effects, and to discuss the rationale of prophylactic surgery for LFT. METHODS Medical data of 174 children (2008-2014) who underwent section of LFT were prospectively recorded for prevalence of symptoms, skin stigmas, and associated malformations, motivator of diagnosis, conus level, and surgical outcome. Mean age at surgery was 4.1 ± 4.2 years (37 days to 17.7 years). RESULTS Ninety-four children (54.0 %) had skin stigmas and 60 (34.5 %) had certain perineal malformations. Seventy-nine children (45.4 %) were symptomatic. The most common motivator for diagnosis was skin stigmas (44.3 %), followed by associated malformations (33.3 %), and symptoms (20.1 %). The age at surgery was significantly older in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (p < 0.001). Surgery improved symptoms in 50 % of patients at 2.1-year follow-up period. Of 85 asymptomatic patients, all except one remained asymptomatic postoperatively and none of the symptomatic patients deteriorated. The presence of associated malformations and the conus level did not affect surgical outcome. Postoperative complications developed in nine patients (5.2 %): seven transient local problems, one definitive urological deterioration, and one transient respiratory problem. CONCLUSIONS Surgery for LFT was a simple and safe procedure. It improved half of symptomatic patients and stopped the deterioration of the others. Even if only one of the asymptomatic patients deteriorated at maximum follow-up, the role of prophylactic surgery remains a point of discussion.
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