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Verbeek R, Vandekerckhove L, Van Cleemput J. Update on human herpesvirus 7 pathogenesis and clinical aspects as a roadmap for future research. J Virol 2024; 98:e0043724. [PMID: 38717112 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00437-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is a common virus that is associated with various human diseases including febrile syndromes, dermatological lesions, neurological defects, and transplant complications. Still, HHV-7 remains one of the least studied members of all human betaherpesviruses. In addition, HHV-7-related research is mostly confined to case reports, while in vitro or in vivo studies unraveling basic virology, transmission mechanisms, and viral pathogenesis are sparse. Here, we discuss HHV-7-related literature linking clinical syndromes to the viral life cycle, epidemiology, and viral immunopathogenesis. Based on our review, we propose a hypothetical model of HHV-7 pathogenesis inside its host. Furthermore, we identify important knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research to better understand HHV-7 diseases and improve therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Verbeek
- HIV Cure Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Van Cleemput
- HIV Cure Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lee JY, Heo YW, Lee S. Mortality Risks among Patients with Lichen Planus: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2071-2074.e6. [PMID: 36967085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeong Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Woo Heo
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Vičić M, Hlača N, Kaštelan M, Brajac I, Sotošek V, Prpić Massari L. Comprehensive Insight into Lichen Planus Immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033038. [PMID: 36769361 PMCID: PMC9918135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus is a chronic disease affecting the skin, appendages, and mucous membranes. A cutaneous lichen planus is a rare disease occurring in less than 1% of the general population, while oral illness is up to five times more prevalent; still, both forms equally impair the patient's quality of life. The etiology of lichen planus is not entirely understood. Yet, immune-mediated mechanisms have been recognized since environmental factors such as hepatitis virus infection, mechanical trauma, psychological stress, or microbiome changes can trigger the disease in genetically susceptible individuals. According to current understanding, lichen planus immunopathogenesis is caused by cell-mediated cytotoxicity, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whose activity is further influenced by Th1 and IL-23/Th-17 axis. However, other immunocytes and inflammatory pathways complement these mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive insight into the actual knowledge about lichen planus, with the causal genetic and environmental factors being discussed, the immunopathogenesis described, and the principal effectors of its inflammatory circuits identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Vičić
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nika Hlača
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marija Kaštelan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ines Brajac
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Tome Strižića 3, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Larisa Prpić Massari
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Zakiawati D, Al Farisyi M, Dewi TS. Efficacy of Systemic Acyclovir as Adjuvant Therapy for Oral Lichen Planus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e934554. [PMID: 34864814 PMCID: PMC8667632 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.934554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 73-year-old
Final Diagnosis: Oral lichen planus (OLP)
Symptoms: Painful tongue • taste impairment
Medication: Acyclovir • antiseptic • corticosteroids • folic acid • vitamin B12
Clinical Procedure: DASS test • medications • OHIP test • serological examinations
Specialty: Dentistry • General and Internal Medicine • Pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Zakiawati
- Oral Medicine Specialist Degree Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Al Farisyi
- Oral Medicine Specialist Degree Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Tenny Setiani Dewi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Inflammatory Cytokine-Producing Cells and Inflammation Markers in the Synovium of Osteoarthritis Patients Evidenced in Human Herpesvirus 7 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176004. [PMID: 32825448 PMCID: PMC7504613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct association between joint inflammation and the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) has been proposed, and synovitis is considered a powerful driver of the disease. Among infections implicated in the development of joint disease, human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection remains poorly characterized. Therefore, we assessed synovitis in OA patients; determined the occurrence and distribution of the HHV-7 antigen within the synovial membrane of OA-affected subjects; and correlated plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF expressed locally within lesioned synovial tissues with HHV-7 observations, suggesting differences in persistent latent and active infection. Synovial HHV-7, CD4, CD68, and TNF antigens were detected immunohistochemically. The plasma levels of TNF and IL-6 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings confirm the presence of persistent HHV-7 infection in 81.5% and reactivation in 20.5% of patients. In 35.2% of patients, virus-specific DNA was extracted from synovial membrane tissue samples. We evidenced the absence of histopathologically detectable synovitis and low-grade changes in the majority of OA patients enrolled in the study, in both HHV-7 PCR+ and HHV-7 PCR‒ groups. The number of synovial CD4-positive cells in the HHV-7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)+ group was significantly higher than that in the HHV-7 PCR‒ group. CD4- and CD68-positive cells were differently distributed in both HHV-7 PCR+ and HHV-7 PCR‒ groups, as well as in latent and active HHV-7 infection. The number of TNF+ and HHV-7+ lymphocytes, as well as HHV-7+ vascular endothelial cells, was strongly correlated. Vascular endothelial cells, especially in the case of infection reactivation, appeared vulnerable. The balance between virus latency and reactivation is a long-term relationship between the host and infectious agent, and the immune system appears to be involved in displaying overreaction when a shift in the established equilibrium develops.
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Ioannides D, Vakirlis E, Kemeny L, Marinovic B, Massone C, Murphy R, Nast A, Ronnevig J, Ruzicka T, Cooper S, Trüeb R, Pujol Vallverdú R, Wolf R, Neumann M. European S1 guidelines on the management of lichen planus: a cooperation of the European Dermatology Forum with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1403-1414. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ioannides
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School Thessaloniki Greece
| | - E. Vakirlis
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School Thessaloniki Greece
| | - L. Kemeny
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology University of Szeged Szeged Hungary
| | - B. Marinovic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology University Hospital Center and School of Medicine Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - C. Massone
- Department of Dermatology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - R. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology Nottingham University Hospital Nottingham UK
| | - A. Nast
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Division of Evidence‐Based Medicine Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | | | - T. Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology LMU Munich Germany
| | - S.M. Cooper
- Department of Dermatology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - R.M. Trüeb
- Center for Dermatology and Hair Diseases Wallisellen Switzerland
| | | | - R. Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology LMU Munich Germany
| | - M. Neumann
- Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Ozturk M, Ozaydın Yavuz G, Yavuz İH, Erten R, Gunes Bilgili S, An I. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the effect of acitretin and systemic steroid treatments on Ki‐67, Bcl‐2, and COX‐2 levels in cutaneous lichen planus patients. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1444-1450. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozturk
- Department of Dermatology Health Sciences Universty, Van Training and Research Hospital Van Turkey
| | | | - İbrahim H. Yavuz
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Yuzuncu Yil Universty Van Turkey
| | - Remzi Erten
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Yuzuncu Yil Universty Van Turkey
| | - Serap Gunes Bilgili
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Yuzuncu Yil Universty Van Turkey
| | - Isa An
- Department of Dermatology Sanliurfa Education and Research Hospital Sanliurfa Turkey
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Abdelmaksoud A. Aciclovir for treatment of pityriasis lichenoides? Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:64. [PMID: 29923208 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Abdelmaksoud
- Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, 5 Amien Alsamanoudy Street, from AbdelsalamAaref Street, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abdelmaksoud A. Acyclovir for treatment of lichen planus. Dermatol Ther 2017; 30. [PMID: 28394462 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abdelmaksoud
- Mansoura Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology Hospital, 5-Amien Alsamanoudy Street, From Abdelsalam Aaref Street, Mansoura, Egypt
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Guarneri F, Giuffrida R, Di Bari F, Cannavò SP, Benvenga S. Thyroid Autoimmunity and Lichen. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:146. [PMID: 28701998 PMCID: PMC5484774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) and lichen sclerosus (LS) are cutaneous-mucous diseases with uncertain epidemiology. Current data, which are likely to be underestimated, suggest a prevalence in the general population of 0.1-4% for cutaneous LP, 1.27-2.0% for oral LP, and 0.1-3.3% for LS. While etiology of lichen is still unknown, clinical and histological evidence show an (auto)immune pathogenesis. Association of lichen with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been investigated in few studies. This association appears better defined in the case of LS, while is more controversial for LP. In both situations, the frequency of the association is higher in females. We review the available literature on the correlation between the different types of lichen and AITD, and the literature on the genetic risk factors which are shared by both conditions. Such data suggest that a common pathogenic mechanism could be the cause for co-occurrence of lichen and AITD, at least in some patients. Additionally, analyzing literature data and in continuity with our previous work on other autoimmune diseases, we suggest that molecular mimicry could trigger both diseases, and thus explain their co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine – Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fabrizio Guarneri,
| | - Roberta Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine – Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Flavia Di Bari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine – Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine – Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
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