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Vaz FM, Ferdinandusse S, Salomons GS, Wanders RJA. Disorders of fatty acid homeostasis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38693715 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans derive fatty acids (FA) from exogenous dietary sources and/or endogenous synthesis from acetyl-CoA, although some FA are solely derived from exogenous sources ("essential FA"). Once inside cells, FA may undergo a wide variety of different modifications, which include their activation to their corresponding CoA ester, the introduction of double bonds, the 2- and ω-hydroxylation and chain elongation, thereby generating a cellular FA pool which can be used for the synthesis of more complex lipids. The biological properties of complex lipids are very much determined by their molecular composition in terms of the FA incorporated into these lipid species. This immediately explains the existence of a range of genetic diseases in man, often with severe clinical consequences caused by variants in one of the many genes coding for enzymes responsible for these FA modifications. It is the purpose of this review to describe the current state of knowledge about FA homeostasis and the genetic diseases involved. This includes the disorders of FA activation, desaturation, 2- and ω-hydroxylation, and chain elongation, but also the disorders of FA breakdown, including disorders of peroxisomal and mitochondrial α- and β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric M Vaz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Göcebe D, Jansakun C, Zhang Y, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Altamura S, Muckenthaler MU, Merle U, Herrmann T, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid-specific fatty acid transport protein 4 deficiency induces a sex-dimorphic susceptibility for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G389-G403. [PMID: 36881564 PMCID: PMC10085558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00181.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Newborns with FATP4 mutations exhibit ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS), and adult patients show skin hyperkeratosis, allergies, and eosinophilia. We have previously shown that the polarization of macrophages is altered by FATP4 deficiency; however, the role of myeloid FATP4 in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not known. We herein phenotyped myeloid-specific Fatp4-deficient (Fatp4M-/-) mice under chow and high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from Fatp4M-/- mice showed significant reduction in cellular sphingolipids in males and females, and additionally phospholipids in females. BMDMs and Kupffer cells from Fatp4M-/- mice exhibited increased LPS-dependent activation of proinflammatory cytokines and transcription factors PPARγ, CEBPα, and p-FoxO1. Correspondingly, these mutants under chow diet displayed thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and elevated liver enzymes. After HFHC feeding, Fatp4M-/- mice showed increased MCP-1 expression in livers and subcutaneous fat. Plasma MCP-1, IL4, and IL13 levels were elevated in male and female mutants, and female mutants additionally showed elevation of IL5 and IL6. After HFHC feeding, male mutants showed an increase in hepatic steatosis and inflammation, whereas female mutants showed a greater severity in hepatic fibrosis associated with immune cell infiltration. Thus, myeloid-FATP4 deficiency led to steatotic and inflammatory NASH in males and females, respectively. Our work offers some implications for patients with FATP4 mutations and also highlights considerations in the design of sex-targeted therapies for NASH treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY FATP4 deficiency in BMDMs and Kupffer cells led to increased proinflammatory response. Fatp4M-/- mice displayed thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and elevated liver enzymes. In response to HFHC feeding, male mutants were prone to hepatic steatosis, whereas female mutants showed exaggerated fibrosis. Our study provides insights into a sex-dimorphic susceptibility to NASH by myeloid-FATP4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Göcebe
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chutima Jansakun
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhonsrithammarat, Thailand
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Murashkin NN, Avetisyan KO, Ivanov RA, Makarova SG. Congenital Ichthyosis: Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of the Disease. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i5.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Congenital ichthyosis is a group (almost 100 clinical variants) of rare genetic skin diseases caused by pathogenic changes in more than 50 genes. Clinical features of ichthyosis, regardless of its genotype, are dry skin, peeling, hyperkeratosis frequently accompanied with erythroderma. These patients have extremely low quality of life due to changes in appearance, discomfort due to itching and functional limitations (pain during walking, impaired hands motor skills and functions due to hyperkeratosis foci in functionally relevant areas), as well as impaired functions of various organs and systems in syndromic forms of disease. Patients need daily skin care and systemic medications. By now, there is no definitive treatment for ichthyosis. Diagnostic difficulties in determining the clinical forms of congenital ichthyosis are associated with their clinical heterogeneity and with similarity in external manifestations. Difficulties in differential diagnosis with other dermatoses are particularly crucial in case of syndromic forms of disease. This review presents the modern classification of ichthyoses, provides data on disease clinical and genetic variants, diagnostic algorithms, treatment methods for patients with this severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Murashkin
- National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs
| | | | - R. A. Ivanov
- National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs
| | - S. G. Makarova
- National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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Henderson D, Murphy CA, O'Dea M, Boyle MA. Experience of low-dose dexamethasone use in the respiratory management of ichthyosis prematurity syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243348. [PMID: 34417235 PMCID: PMC8381299 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS) is a rare disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. The cardinal features include prematurity, vernix like hyperkeratosis, eosinophilia and neonatal asphyxiation. This case report discusses the presentation and management of IPS. We aim to characterise the common features, the spectrum of disease within a single family and discuss a potential role for low-dose dexamethasone in the management of ventilator-dependent patients with IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Henderson
- Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital Neonatal Unit, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire A Murphy
- Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital Neonatal Unit, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary O'Dea
- Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital Neonatal Unit, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A Boyle
- Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital Neonatal Unit, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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