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Feng S, Sheng J, Yu J, Lin Y, Shao P. Enhancing acid stability of citral through internal structure modulation in nanostructured lipid carriers with solid lipids and phospholipids. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114148. [PMID: 38519178 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In this current study, the internal structure of nanostructured lipid carriers was modulated by phospholipids (lecithin PC, hydrogenated soybean phospholipid HPC) and solid lipids to achieve stable encapsulation of citral. The presence of high melting point HPC could construct α-crystalline type with more lattice defects and effectively inhibit β-ization. The HPC group could maintain the particle size at 155.9-186.9 nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) at 0.182-0.321, the Zeta potential at -57.58 mV to -49.35 mV and the retention rate of citral at 91.33-98.49 % in the acidic environments of 2 mM and 20 mM hydrochloric acid solutions. The recrystallization index (RI) of NLC increased with the number of solid lipid ester bonds (from 3.57 % to 16.58 % in the PC group and from 0.82 % to 12.47 % in the HPC group). The results illustrated that the number of solid lipid ester bonds and the melting point of phospholipids affected crystallinity of the lipid matrix and thus the stability of encapsulated citral. Hydrogenated phospholipid with high melting points was more beneficial in stabilizing citral. The present study improved the acidic stability of citral and provided a new thought for the application of citral in acidic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Sheng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China; Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute ZJUT, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Truzzi E, Bertelli D, Bilia AR, Vanti G, Maretti E, Leo E. Combination of Nanodelivery Systems and Constituents Derived from Novel Foods: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2614. [PMID: 38004592 PMCID: PMC10674267 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel Food is a new category of food, regulated by the European Union Directive No. 2015/2283. This latter norm defines a food as "Novel" if it was not used "for human consumption to a significant degree within the Union before the date of entry into force of that regulation, namely 15 May 1997". Recently, Novel Foods have received increased interest from researchers worldwide. In this sense, the key areas of interest are the discovery of new benefits for human health and the exploitation of these novel sources of materials in new fields of application. An emerging area in the pharmaceutical and medicinal fields is nanotechnology, which deals with the development of new delivery systems at a nanometric scale. In this context, this review aims to summarize the recent advances on the design and characterization of nanodelivery systems based on materials belonging to the Novel Food list, as well as on nanoceutical products formulated for delivering compounds derived from Novel Foods. Additionally, the safety hazard of using nanoparticles in food products, i.e., food supplements, has been discussed in view of the current European regulation, which considers nanomaterials as Novel Foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Davide Bertelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.R.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Vanti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.R.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Eleonora Maretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Eliana Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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Elzayat EM, Sherif AY, Nasr FA, Attwa MW, Alshora DH, Ahmad SF, Alqahtani AS. Enhanced Codelivery of Gefitinib and Azacitidine for Treatment of Metastatic-Resistant Lung Cancer Using Biodegradable Lipid Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5364. [PMID: 37570067 PMCID: PMC10419431 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a formidable challenge in clinical practice owing to its metastatic nature and resistance to conventional treatments. The codelivery of anticancer agents offers a potential solution to overcome resistance and minimize systemic toxicity. The encapsulation of these agents within nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) provides a promising strategy to enhance lymphatic delivery and reduce the risk of relapse. This study aimed to develop an NLC formulation loaded with Gefitinib and Azacitidine (GEF-AZT-NLC) for the treatment of metastatic-resistant lung cancer. The physicochemical properties of the formulations were characterized, and in vitro drug release was evaluated using the dialysis bag method. The cytotoxic activity of the GEF-AZT-NLC formulations was assessed on a lung cancer cell line, and hemocompatibility was evaluated using suspended red blood cells. The prepared formulations exhibited nanoscale size (235-272 nm) and negative zeta potential values (-15 to -31 mV). In vitro study revealed that the GEF-AZT-NLC formulation retained more than 20% and 60% of GEF and AZT, respectively, at the end of the experiment. Hemocompatibility study demonstrated the safety of the formulation for therapeutic use, while cytotoxicity studies suggested that the encapsulation of both anticancer agents within NLCs could be advantageous in treating resistant cancer cells. In conclusion, the GEF-AZT-NLC formulation developed in this study holds promise as a potential therapeutic tool for treating metastatic-resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Elzayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Abdelrahman Y. Sherif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Doaa H. Alshora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.E.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (A.S.A.)
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Řepka D, Kurillová A, Murtaja Y, Lapčík L. Application of Physical-Chemical Approaches for Encapsulation of Active Substances in Pharmaceutical and Food Industries. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112189. [PMID: 37297434 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encapsulation is a valuable method used to protect active substances and enhance their physico-chemical properties. It can also be used as protection from unpleasant scents and flavors or adverse environmental conditions. METHODS In this comprehensive review, we highlight the methods commonly utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, along with recent applications of these methods. RESULTS Through an analysis of numerous articles published in the last decade, we summarize the key methods and physico-chemical properties that are frequently considered with encapsulation techniques. CONCLUSION Encapsulation has demonstrated effectiveness and versatility in multiple industries, such as food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the selection of appropriate encapsulation methods is critical for the effective encapsulation of specific active compounds. Therefore, constant efforts are being made to develop novel encapsulation methods and coating materials for better encapsulation efficiency and to improve properties for specific use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Řepka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antónia Kurillová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yousef Murtaja
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Lapčík
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
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Sherif AY, Harisa GI, Shahba AA, Alanazi FK, Qamar W. Optimization of Gefitinib-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier as a Biomedical Tool in the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010448. [PMID: 36615641 PMCID: PMC9823586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib (GEF) is utilized in clinical settings for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. However, premature drug release from nanoparticles in vivo increases the exposure of systemic organs to GEF. Herein, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were utilized not only to avoid premature drug release but also due to their inherent lymphatic tropism. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a GEF-NLC as a lymphatic drug delivery system with low drug release. Design of experiments was utilized to develop a stable GEF-NLC as a lymphatic drug delivery system for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer. The in vitro drug release of GEF from the prepared GEF-NLC formulations was studied to select the optimum formulation. MTT assay was utilized to study the cytotoxic activity of GEF-NLC compared to free GEF. The optimized GEF-NLC formulation showed favorable physicochemical properties: <300 nm PS, <0.2 PDI, <−20 ZP values with >90% entrapment efficiency. Interestingly, the prepared formulation was able to retain GEF with only ≈57% drug release within 24 h. Furthermore, GEF-NLC reduced the sudden exposure of cultured cells to GEF and produced the required cytotoxic effect after 48 and 72 h incubation time. Consequently, optimized formulation offers a promising approach to improve GEF’s therapeutic outcomes with reduced systemic toxicity in treating metastatic lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y. Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gamaleldin I. Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Shahba
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Oliveira SDSDC, Sarmento EDS, Marinho VH, Pereira RR, Fonseca LP, Ferreira IM. Green Extraction of Annatto Seed Oily Extract and Its Use as a Pharmaceutical Material for the Production of Lipid Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165187. [PMID: 36014427 PMCID: PMC9412625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This work developd nanomaterials formulated from annatto seed oily extract (ASE), myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), and their fatty acid esters. The annatto seed oily extract was obtained using only soybean oil (ASE + SO) and Brazil nut oil (ASE + BNO). The UV/VIS analysis of the oily extracts showed three characteristic peaks of the bixin molecule at 430, 456 and 486 nm. The lipid nanoparticles obtained using myristic acid and ASE + BNO or only BNO showed better results than the oil soybean extract, i.e., the particle size was <200 nm, PDI value was in the range of 0.2−0.3, and had no visual physical instability as they kept stable for 28 days at 4 °C. Lipid nanoemulsions were also produced with esters of myristic acid and ASE + BNO. These fatty acid esters significantly influenced the particle size of nanoemulsions. For instance, methyl tetradecanoate led to the smallest particle size nanoemulsions (124 nm), homogeneous size distribution, and high physical stability under 4 and 32 °C for 28 days. This work demonstrates that the chemical composition of vegetable oils and myristic acid esters, the storage temperature, the chain length of fatty acid esters (FAE), and their use as co-lipids improve the physical stability of lipid nanoemulsions and nanoparticles from annatto seed oily extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sônia do Socorro do C. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, KM 02, Macapa 68902-280, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Macapa 68901-025, Brazil
| | - Edmilson dos S. Sarmento
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, KM 02, Macapa 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Victor H. Marinho
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, KM 02, Macapa 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Rayanne R. Pereira
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, KM 02, Macapa 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Luis P. Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioengenharia, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.P.F.); (I.M.F.)
| | - Irlon M. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biocatálise e Síntese Orgânica Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Rod. JK, KM 02, Macapa 68902-280, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.P.F.); (I.M.F.)
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