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Yin J, Fang Y, Liao Y, Chen Z, Liu S, Zhu H, Song K, Shi B. Bioinformatics investigation of adaptive immune-related genes in peri-implantitis and periodontitis: Characteristics and diagnostic values. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1272. [PMID: 38780047 PMCID: PMC11112631 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis and periodontitis have similar immunological bioprocesses and inflammatory phenotypes. In the inflammatory process, the adaptive immune cells can drive the development of disease. This research investigated the differences and diagnostic significance of peri-implantitis and periodontitis in adaptive immune responses. METHODS We acquired four GEO datasets of gene expressions in surrounding tissues in healthy person, healthy implant, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis patients. The structural characteristics and enrichment analyses of differential expression genes were examined. The adaptive immune landscapes in peri-implantitis and periodontitis were then evaluated using single sample gene set enrichment analysis. The STRING database and Cytoscape were used to identify adaptive hub genes, and the ROC curve was used to verify them. Finally, qRT-PCR method was used to verify the expression level of Hub gene in activated T cells on the titanium-containing or titanium-free culture plates. RESULTS At the transcriptome level, the data of healthy implant, peri-implantitis and periodontitis were highly dissimilar. The peri-implantitis and periodontitis both exhibited adaptive immune response. Except for the activated CD4+T cells, there was no significant difference in other adaptive immune cells between peri-implantitis and periodontitis. In addition, correlation analysis showed that CD53, CYBB, and PLEK were significantly positively linked with activated CD4+T cells in the immune microenvironment of peri-implantitis, making them effective biomarkers to differentiate it from periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Peri-implantitis has a uniquely immunogenomic landscape that differs from periodontitis. This study provides new insights and ideas into the activated CD4+T cells and hub genes that underpin the immunological bioprocess of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingju Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Oral Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- School of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Youran Fang
- School of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yunyang Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Oral Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- School of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Oral Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- School of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Oral Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- School of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Hanghang Zhu
- School of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Oral Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Oral Medicine Center, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- School of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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Subburayalu J. Immune surveillance and humoral immune responses in kidney transplantation - A look back at T follicular helper cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114842. [PMID: 37503334 PMCID: PMC10368994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper cells comprise a specialized, heterogeneous subset of immune-competent T helper cells capable of influencing B cell responses in lymphoid tissues. In physiology, for example in response to microbial challenges or vaccination, this interaction chiefly results in the production of protecting antibodies and humoral memory. In the context of kidney transplantation, however, immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells can take a life of its own despite matching of human leukocyte antigens and employing the latest immunosuppressive regiments. This puts kidney transplant recipients at risk of subclinical and clinical rejection episodes with a potential risk for allograft loss. In this review, the current understanding of immune surveillance provided by T follicular helper cells is briefly described in physiological responses to contrast those pathological responses observed after kidney transplantation. Sensitization of T follicular helper cells with the subsequent emergence of detectable donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies, non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies their implication for kidney transplantation and lessons learnt from other transplantation "settings" with special attention to antibody-mediated rejection will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Subburayalu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Porret R, Meier RPH, Mikulic J, Pascual M, Aubert V, Harr T, Golshayan D, Muller YD. Atopy as an independent predictor for long-term patient and graft survival after kidney transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997364. [PMID: 36263051 PMCID: PMC9574189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAtopy is a genetic condition predisposing individuals to develop immunoglobulin E (IgE) against common allergens through T-helper 2 (Th2) polarization mechanisms. The impact of atopy on graft survival in solid organ transplantation is unknown.MethodologyWe analyzed 268 renal allograft recipients from the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study, a prospective multicenter cohort studying patients after solid organ transplantation, with a 9-year median follow-up (IQR 3.0). We used the Phadiatop assay to measure IgE antibodies against a mixture of common inhaled allergens (grass, tree, herbs, spores, animals, and mites) to identify pre-transplantation atopic patients (>0.35 KU/L).ResultsOf 268 kidney transplant recipients, 66 individuals were atopic (24.6%). Atopic patients were significantly younger than non-atopic patients (49.6 vs 58.0 years old, P = 0.002). No significant difference was found for gender, cold/warm ischemia time, preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSA), HLA mismatches, induction and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, CMV serostatus, or cause of kidney failure. Patient and graft survival at ten years of follow-up were significantly better in the atopic group, 95.2% versus 69.2% patient survival (P < 0.001), and 87.9% versus 60.8% graft survival (P < 0.001), respectively. A multivariate Cox analysis revealed that atopy predicted recipient and graft survival independently of age and living donor donation. Finally, we found similar rates of biopsy-proven acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejections between atopic and non-atopic recipients.ConclusionAtopy was associated with better long-term patient and graft survival, independently of age and living donor donation after kidney transplantation. Yet, atopy should not be used as a predictor for acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Porret
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël P. H. Meier
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Josip Mikulic
- Transplantation Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Pascual
- Transplantation Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Aubert
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Harr
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Déla Golshayan
- Transplantation Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick D. Muller
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Yannick D. Muller,
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Blinova VG, Gladilina YA, Eliseeva DD, Lobaeva TA, Zhdanov DD. [Increased suppressor activity of transformed ex vivo regulatory T-cells in comparison with unstimulated cells of the same donor]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:55-67. [PMID: 35221297 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226801055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺CD127low (Tregs) play a key role in the maintenance of tolerance to auto antigens, inhibit function of effector T and B lymphocytes, and provide a balance between effector and regulatory arms of immunity. Patients with autoimmune diseases have decreased Treg numbers and impaired suppressive activity. Transformed ex vivo autologous Tregs could restore destroyed balance of the immune system. We developed a method for Treg precursor cell cultivation. Following the method, we were able to grown up 300-400 million of Tregs cells from 50 ml of peripheral blood during a week. Transformed ex vivo Tregs are 90-95% CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺CD127low and have increased expression of transcription genes FoxP3 and Helios. Transformed ex vivo Tregs have increased demethylation of FoxP3 promoter and activated genes of proliferation markers Cycline B1, Ki67 and LGALS 1. Transformed ex vivo Tregs have increased suppressive activity and up to 80-90% these cells secrete cytokines TNFα и IFNγ. Our data suggest transformed ex vivo autologous Tregs have genetic, immunophenotypic and functional characteristics for regulatory T-cells and further can be used for adoptive immunotherapy autoimmune diseases and inhibition of transplantation immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Blinova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - T A Lobaeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Fang X, Lu F, Wang Y, Guo L, Zhang Y, Bai S, Kwak-Kim J, Wu L. Anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies are associated with adverse IVF and pregnancy outcomes. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103459. [PMID: 34929496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies (anti-SSA/SSB) were reported to increase the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. However, the effects of anti-SSA/SSB antibodies on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and pregnancy outcomes were still unclear. The purpose of the study was to determine whether anti-SSA/SSB antibodies were detrimental to IVF and pregnancy outcomes. This study included 55 anti-SSA/SSB antibodies-positive women and 61 anti-SSA/SSB antibodies-negative control women receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist long protocol (n = 30 and 39, respectively) or GnRH antagonist protocol (n = 25 and 22, respectively) for in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The impact of anti-SSA/SSB antibodies on immune-related indicators, fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. With either GnRH agonist or antagonist protocol, women with anti-SSA/SSB had higher levels of peripheral blood cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-17A, lower levels of peripheral blood Th and NK cells, and poor IVF outcomes, including lower number of retrieved oocytes and embryos, lower M II oocytes rate, blastocyst formation rate, and perfect and available embryo rates. Moreover, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, take-home baby rate, and birth weight were significantly lower in the study group as compared with those of the control group. In conclusion, women with anti-SSA/SSB are associated with adverse IVF and pregnancy outcomes. Screening for these antibodies and proper counselling of couples undergoing IVF-ET should be considered. Underlying immunopathology associated with SSA/SSB antibodies and reproduction should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangting Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanshi Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shun Bai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, IL, 60061, USA; Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Beyzaei Z, Shojazadeh A, Geramizadeh B. The role of regulatory T cells in liver transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101512. [PMID: 34871717 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The liver is considered a tolerogenic organ that can induce peripheral tolerance. The exact mechanisms of tolerance in the liver remain undefined. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been demonstrated to be involved in inducing and maintaining peripheral tolerance. They play an important role in the prevention of immune responses and autoimmunity. The main focus of this review is the role of Tregs and their subpopulation in liver transplantation. More specifically, this manuscript will highlight the recent findings about using Treg cells as a biomarker in liver transplantation. There are some reports and animal models about the role of Tregs in the process of rejection of liver transplantation. Previous reports and studies have suggested that by increasing the number of Tregs better liver transplant outcomes will be accomplished by enhancing tolerance. It has been shown that the levels of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3+ Treg cells correlate with the inhibition of acute allograft rejection in liver transplantation; however, further studies must be done to address the potential role of Treg cells in chronic rejection. Indeed, in the future, Treg cells may have potential use as a beneficial biomarker to screen long-term graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Beyzaei
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shojazadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pathology, Medical School of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Chen X, Huang Y, Wang D, Dong N, Du X. PJ34, a PARP1 inhibitor, attenuates acute allograft rejection after murine heart transplantation via regulating the CD4 + T lymphocyte response. Transpl Int 2021; 34:561-571. [PMID: 33368686 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute allografts rejection is the most important factor causing allograft disability for many patients undergoing organ transplantation. PJ34, which is a specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, is involved in immune regulation, may be effective in preventing acute cardiac rejection. We performed the models of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation. PJ34 was injected intraperitoneally daily (20 mg/kg/day) starting the day after surgery. The severity of rejection was determined by histology. The mRNA expression levels of cytokines and transcription factors in the grafts were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The proportion and number of T-cell subpopulations in the spleens were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitro, the effect of PJ34 on allogeneic responses was investigated. We found treatment with PJ34 prolonged allograft survival compared with normal saline treatment. Compared with the control group, PJ34 treatment reduced the proportion of CD4+ IFN-γ+ and CD4+ IL-17A+ cells and increased the percent of CD4+ IL-4+ and CD4+ Foxp3+ cells in the spleens. In vitro, PJ34 treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A and promoted the mRNA levels of TGF-β and FOXP-3 in activated CD4+ T cells. Modulating the CD4+ T lymphocyte response with PJ34 could attenuate acute allografts rejection after murine heart transplantation. These findings indicate that PARP1 may be a promising therapeutic target to attenuate acute cardiac allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dashuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Building a CAR-Treg: Going from the basic to the luxury model. Cell Immunol 2020; 358:104220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Advances and New Insights in Post-Transplant Care: From Sequencing to Imaging. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-020-00828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Treg and TH17 link to immune response in individuals with peri-implantitis: a preliminary report. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1291-1297. [PMID: 32594309 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treg and TH17 cells influence the inflammatory process in periodontal diseases and could also play in a similar pattern, an essential role in immune-inflammatory mechanisms involved in the destruction of the peri-implant tissues, peri-implantitis. Therefore, this study evaluated the levels of RORγT and FOXP3 gene expression in subjects with peri-implantitis and healthy peri-implant tissues. METHODS A total of 35 subjects with implant-supported restorations in both diseased and healthy clinical conditions (n = 15 healthy; n = 20 peri-implantitis) were included in this study. Peri-implantitis was defined as probing depth > 5 mm, bleeding on probing and/or suppuration, and peri-implant bone loss >4 mm. Peri-implant tissue biopsies were collected for analysis of the mRNA, RORγT, and FOXP3 expression levels. The samples were submitted to total RNA extraction, treatment with DNAse, and cDNA synthesis. Subsequently, real-time PCR reaction was performed to evaluate the levels of RORγT and FOXP3 gene expression to the reference gene. These were analyzed by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney method with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS Higher gene expression levels of the transcription factors RORγT and FOXP3 were detected in the tissues affected by peri-implantitis when compared with healthy tissues (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the possible existence of a hybrid TH17-Treg profile, based on the gene expression of transcription factors inducing differentiation of these cells. Further studies must be designed to gain a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The levels of RORγT and FOXP3 transcription factors that were linked to cells with the FOXP3+RORγT+ phenotype could be used as a predictor of peri-implantitis progression.
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Belyayev L, Loh K, Fishbein TM, Kroemer A. The parallel paradigm between intestinal transplant inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019; 24:207-211. [PMID: 30694990 PMCID: PMC6408947 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A significant shift in our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mirrors research that has been ongoing in intestinal transplantation. The blurring of lines between these two disease states creates an avenue into potential therapeutic interventions which take advantage of these molecular similarities. RECENT FINDINGS Traditional knowledge of T-cell involvement in IBD has expanded to highlight the role of T helper 17 (Th17) cells as key effector cells. A similar role has been demonstrated in cellular rejection of intestinal allografts. Genetic polymorphism related to the propagation and function of Th17 cells has been found to confer significant risk of developing autoimmune conditions. Interleukin-23, a cytokine identified as crucial to the expansion of Th17 cells, has become a validated molecular target in psoriatic arthritis and IBD, and could become a target for intestinal transplant therapies. SUMMARY Intestinal transplant rejection and IBD share a similar phenotype, especially as it relates to key effector cells and gene polymorphisms. Improvements in our understanding of the immune-pathogenesis of IBD, as well as molecular targeting exploiting that knowledge, provide a potential route to improve outcomes for intestinal transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Belyayev
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
- Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katrina Loh
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s National Medical Center, Northwest, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Northwest, Washington, DC
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Sorini C, Cardoso RF, Gagliani N, Villablanca EJ. Commensal Bacteria-Specific CD4 + T Cell Responses in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2667. [PMID: 30524431 PMCID: PMC6256970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of evolution, mammalian body surfaces have adapted their complex immune system to allow a harmless coexistence with the commensal microbiota. The adaptive immune response, in particular CD4+ T cell-mediated, is crucial to maintain intestinal immune homeostasis by discriminating between harmless (e.g., dietary compounds and intestinal microbes) and harmful stimuli (e.g., pathogens). To tolerate food molecules and microbial components, CD4+ T cells establish a finely tuned crosstalk with the environment whereas breakdown of these mechanisms might lead to chronic disease associated with mucosal barriers and beyond. How commensal-specific immune responses are regulated and how these molecular and cellular mechanisms can be manipulated to treat chronic disorders is yet poorly understood. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the regulation of commensal bacteria-specific CD4+ T cells. We place particular focus on the key role of commensal-specific CD4+ T cells in maintaining tolerance while efficiently eradicating local and systemic infections, with a focus on factors that trigger their aberrant activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sorini
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebeca F. Cardoso
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo J. Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yamada Y, Brüstle K, Jungraithmayr W. T Helper Cell Subsets in Experimental Lung Allograft Rejection. J Surg Res 2018; 233:74-81. [PMID: 30502290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lung transplantation has evolved to an established treatment for pulmonary diseases in their end stages; however, the long-term outcome is worse when compared to all other solid transplantable organs. The major reason for this unfavorable outcome is rejection, either in its acute or chronic form, the latter termed as chronic lung allograft dysfunction. METHODS A systematic review search was performed. RESULTS One of the most important immune cells responsible for rejection are T cells. Beside alloreactive CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells play a key role during the evolvement of allograft rejection. Certain subsets of these allograft CD4+ T cells have been identified which have been shown to exert either transplant-protective or transplant-injuring properties. These effects have been proven in various experimental models, mainly in rats and mice, and allowed for the gain of important insights into these proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics including their targetability: while the subsets Th1, Th17, Th22, and Tfh cells have been shown to act in a rather proinflammatory way, Tregs, Th2, and Th9 subsets exert anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic airway obstruction is mainly induced by IL17 as shown across models. CONCLUSIONS This review shall summarize and provide an overview of the current evidence about the role and effects of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory CD4-+ T helper cell subsets during lung allograft rejection in experimental rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karina Brüstle
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Brandenburg Medical School, Neurupppin, Germany.
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Kuo G, Wu CY, Yang HY. MiR-17-92 cluster and immunity. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 118:2-6. [PMID: 29857952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiR, MiRNA) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. MircoRNAs exert their effect by binding to complementary nucleotide sequences of the targeted messenger RNA, thus forming an RNA-induced silencing complex. The mircoRNA-17-92 cluster encoded by the miR-17-92 host gene is first found in malignant B-cell lymphoma. Recent research identifies the miR-17-92 cluster as a crucial player in the development of the immune system, the heart, the lung, and oncogenic events. In light of the miR-17-92 cluster's increasing role in regulating the immune system, our review will discuss the latest knowledge regarding its involvement in cells of both innate and adaptive immunity, including B cells, subsets of T cells such as Th1, Th2, T follicular helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, and dendritic cells, and the possible targets that are regulated by its members.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kuo
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Chou FC, Chen HY, Chen HH, Lin GJ, Lin SH, Sytwu HK. Differential modulation of IL-12 family cytokines in autoimmune islet graft failure in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2409-2417. [PMID: 28929188 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The relative contribution of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells in graft rejection is inconclusive, on the basis of evidence provided by different T cell-related cytokine-deficient animal models and graft types. METHODS We used novel antigen-presenting-cell-specific Il-12p35 (also known as Il12a)-knockout (KO), IL-23p19-knockdown (KD) and IL-27p28-KD strategies to investigate T cell differentiation in islet graft rejection. RESULTS In vitro dendritic cell-T cell coculture experiments revealed that dendritic cells from Il-12p35-KO and IL-23p19-KD mice showed reduced ability to stimulate IFN-γ and IL-17 production in T cells, respectively. To further explore the T cell responses in islet graft rejection, we transplanted islets into streptozotocin-induced diabetic NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) recipient mice with IL-12-, IL-23-, or IL-27-deficient backgrounds and then challenged them with NOD.BDC2.5 T cells. The survival of islet grafts was significantly prolonged in Il-12p35-KO and IL-23p19-KD recipients compared with the control recipients. T cell infiltrations and Th1 cell populations were also decreased in the grafts, correlating with prolonged graft survival. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that IL-12 and IL-23 promote and/or maintain Th1 cell-mediated islet graft rejection. Thus, blockade of IL-12 and IL-23 might act as therapeutic strategies for reducing rejection responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Chen
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Risk factors associated with the development of histocompatibility leukocyte antigen sensitization. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2017; 21:447-52. [PMID: 27258577 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite excellent short-term kidney allograft survival rates, long-term outcomes have not improved. For years, the focus on improving these outcomes revolved around minimization or elimination of calcineurin toxicity. Despite our best efforts, approximately 5000 allografts are lost each year in the United States and results in a significant emotional burden for patients and financial burden for the healthcare system. RECENT FINDINGS Advancements in detection of donor-specific histocompatibility leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSAs) and improved assessment of allograft biopsy tissue have shown that the most common cause for graft failures is DSA-related antibody-mediated rejection. Sensitization is directly related to human tissue exposure prior to transplant. We now know that sensitization can occur in patients who are non compliant or poorly compliant with their calcineurin inhibitors. They develop de-novo DSAs, which are responsible for numerous allograft losses around the world. SUMMARY Given the current evidence, it is imperative that all transplant physicians recognize the importance of encouraging medication adherence to prevent the consequences of DSA-induced graft failure. However, little progress has been made in this area. Other potential therapeutic approaches based on B-cell depletion or modulation early posttransplant may help to reduce the risk for de-novo DSA development.
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Song JY, Du GS, Xiao L, Chen W, Suo LL, Gao Y, Feng LK, Shi BY. Individualized Immunosuppressive Protocol of Liver Transplant Recipient Should be Made Based on Splenic Function Status. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1340-6. [PMID: 27231173 PMCID: PMC4894046 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte subsets play important roles in rejection in liver transplant recipients, and the effect of splenic function on these roles remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility to adjust immunosuppressive agents based on splenic function status through detecting the lymphocyte subsets in liver transplantBeijing recipients. METHODS The lymphocyte subsets of 49 liver transplant recipients were assessed in the 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army between June 2014 and August 2015. The patients were divided into splenectomy group (n = 9), normal splenic function group (n = 24), and hypersplenism group (n = 16). The percentages and counts of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, natural killer (NK) cell, B-cell, regulatory B-cell (Breg), and regulatory T-cell (Treg) were detected by flow cytometer. In addition, the immunosuppressive agents, histories of rejection and infection, and postoperative time of the patients were compared among the three groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference of clinical characteristics among the three groups. The percentage of CD19+CD24+CD38+ Breg was significantly higher in hypersplenism group than normal splenic function group and splenectomy group (3.29 ± 0.97% vs. 2.12 ± 1.08% and 1.90 ± 0.99%, P = 0.001). The same result was found in CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg percentage (0.97 ± 0.39% vs. 0.54 ± 0.31% and 0.56 ± 0.28%, P = 0.001). The counts of CD8+ T-cell, CD4+ T-cell, and NK cell were significantly lower in hypersplenism group than normal splenic function group (254.25 ± 149.08 vs. 476.96 ± 225.52, P= 0.002; 301.69 ± 154.39 vs. 532.50 ± 194.42, P= 0.000; and 88.56 ± 63.15 vs. 188.33 ± 134.51, P = 0.048). Moreover, the counts of CD4+ T-cell and NK cell were significantly lower in hypersplenism group than splenectomy group (301.69 ± 154.39 vs. 491.89 ± 132.31, P= 0.033; and 88.56 ± 63.15 vs. 226.00 ± 168.85, P = 0.032). CONCLUSION Splenic function status might affect the immunity of liver transplant recipients, that should be considered when we make immunosuppressive protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Song
- Department of Education, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Organ Transplant Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Organ Transplant Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Organ Transplant Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Long-Long Suo
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Organ Transplant Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Organ Transplant Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li-Kui Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Organ Transplant Institute, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Bing-Yi Shi
- Department of Education, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
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18
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Sá H, Leal R, Rosa MS. Renal transplant immunology in the last 20 years: A revolution towards graft and patient survival improvement. Int Rev Immunol 2016; 36:182-203. [PMID: 27682364 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1225300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To deride the hope of progress is the ultimate fatuity, the last word in poverty of spirit and meanness of mind. There is no need to be dismayed by the fact that we cannot yet envisage a definitive solution of our problems, a resting-place beyond which we need not try to go. -P.B. Medawar, 1969 * Thomas E. Starlz, also known as the Father of Clinical Transplantation, once said that organ transplantation was the supreme exception to the rule that most major advances in medicine spring from discoveries in basic science [Starzl T. The mystique of organ transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 2005 Aug;201(2):160-170]. In fact, the first successful identical-twin kidney transplantation performed by Murray's team in December 1954 (Murray J et al. Renal homotransplantations in identical twins. Surg Forum 1955;6:432-436) was the example of an upside down translation medicine: Human clinical transplantation began and researchers tried to understand the underlying immune response and how to control the powerful rejection pathways through experimental models. In the last 20 years, we have witnessed an amazing progress in the knowledge of immunological mechanisms regarding alloimmune response and an outstanding evolution on the identification and characterization of major and minor histocompatibility antigens. This review presents an historical and clinical perspective of those important advances in kidney transplantation immunology in the last 20 years, which contributed to the improvement in patients' quality of life and the survival of end-stage renal patients. In spite of these significant progresses, some areas still need substantial progress, such as the definition of non-invasive biomarkers for acute rejection; the continuous reduction of immunosuppression; the extension of graft survival, and finally the achievement of real graft tolerance extended to HLA mismatch donor: recipient pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sá
- a Department of Nephrology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,c Immunology Center, Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rita Leal
- a Department of Nephrology , Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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19
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Antoniadi G, Liakopoulos V, Tsogka K, Sounidaki M, Stefanidis I. Differential effects of the two amino acid sensing systems, the GCN2 kinase and the mTOR complex 1, on primary human alloreactive CD4⁺ T-cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1412-20. [PMID: 27035541 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid deprivation activates general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase and inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), affecting the immune response. In this study, the effects of GCN2 kinase activation or mTOR inhibition on human alloreactive CD4+ T-cells were evaluated. The mixed lymphocyte reaction, as a model of alloreactivity, the GCN2 kinase activator, tryptophanol (TRP), and the mTOR complex 1 inhibitor, rapamycin (RAP), were used. Both TRP and RAP suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. These events were p53-independent in the case of RAP, but were accompanied by an increase in p53 levels in the case of TRP. TRP decreased the levels of the Th2 signature transcription factor, GATA-3, as RAP did, yet the latter also decreased the levels of the Th1 and Th17 signature transcription factors, T-bet and RORγt, whereas it increased the levels of the Treg signature transcription factor, FoxP3. Accordingly, TRP decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-4, as RAP did, but RAP also decreased the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17. Both TRP and RAP increased the levels of IL-10. As regards hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which upregulates the Th17/Treg ratio, its levels were decreased by RAP. TRP increased the HIF-1α levels, which however, remained inactive. In conclusion, our findings indicate that, in primary human alloreactive CD4+ T-cells, the two systems that sense amino acid deprivation affect cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in different ways or through different mechanisms. Both mTOR inhibition and GCN2 kinase activation exert immunosuppressive effects, since they inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. As regards CD4+ T-cell differentiation, mTOR inhibition exerted a more profound effect, since it suppressed differentiation into the Th1, Th2 and Th17 lineages, while it induced Treg differentiation. On the contrary, the activation of GCN2 kinase suppressed only Th2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Antoniadi
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tsogka
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sounidaki
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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20
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O.Millán, Brunet M. Cytokine-based immune monitoring. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:338-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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De Bruyne R, Gevaert P, Van Winckel M, De Ruyck N, Minne A, Bogaert D, Van Biervliet S, Vande Velde S, Smets F, Sokal E, Gottrand F, Vanhelst J, Detry B, Pilette C, Lambrecht BN, Dullaers M. Raised immunoglobulin A and circulating T follicular helper cells are linked to the development of food allergy in paediatric liver transplant patients. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1060-70. [PMID: 25702946 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-transplant food allergy (LTFA) is increasingly observed after paediatric liver transplantation (LT). Although the immunopathology of LTFA remains unclear, immunoglobulin (Ig) E seems to be implicated. OBJECTIVE To study humoral and cellular immunity in paediatric LT patients in search for factors associated with LTFA, and compare with healthy controls (HC) and non-transplant food-allergic children (FA). METHODS We studied serum Ig levels in 29 LTFA, 43 non-food-allergic LT patients (LTnoFA), 21 FA patients and 36 HC. Serum-specific IgA and IgE against common food allergens in LTFA, IgA1 , IgA2 and joining-chain-containing polymeric IgA (pIgA) were measured. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed by flow cytometry for B and T cell populations of interest. RESULTS Serum IgA and specific IgA were higher in LTFA compared to LTnoFA. LTFA patients had the highest proportion of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh). The percentage of cTfh correlated positively with serum IgA. Unique in LTFA was also the significant increase in serum markers of mucosal IgA and the decrease in the Th17 subset of CXCR5(-) CD4(+) cells compared to HC. Both LT patients exhibited a rise in IgA(+) memory B cells and plasmablasts compared to HC and FA. CONCLUSIONS LT has an impact on humoral immunity, remarkably in those patients developing FA. The increase in serum markers of mucosal IgA, food allergen-specific IgA and cTfh cells observed in LTFA, point towards a disturbance in intestinal immune homoeostasis in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Bruyne
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Van Winckel
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Ruyck
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Minne
- Department of Pediatrics, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Bogaert
- Department of Pediatrics, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Clinical Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Van Biervliet
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Vande Velde
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Princess Elisabeth Children's Hospital, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Smets
- Service de Gastro-entérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique et Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Sokal
- Service de Gastro-entérologie et Hépatologie Pédiatrique et Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Gottrand
- Inserm U995, Faculty of Medicine, CIC-PT-9301, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU Lille, University Lille2, Lille, France
| | - J Vanhelst
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Lille-PT-1403-Inserm-CH&U, Inserm U995, Faculty of Medicine, University Lille2, Lille, France
| | - B Detry
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B N Lambrecht
- Clinical Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Dullaers
- Clinical Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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An G. Introduction of a Framework for Dynamic Knowledge Representation of the Control Structure of Transplant Immunology: Employing the Power of Abstraction with a Solid Organ Transplant Agent-Based Model. Front Immunol 2015; 6:561. [PMID: 26594211 PMCID: PMC4635853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agent-based modeling has been used to characterize the nested control loops and non-linear dynamics associated with inflammatory and immune responses, particularly as a means of visualizing putative mechanistic hypotheses. This process is termed dynamic knowledge representation and serves a critical role in facilitating the ability to test and potentially falsify hypotheses in the current data- and hypothesis-rich biomedical research environment. Importantly, dynamic computational modeling aids in identifying useful abstractions, a fundamental scientific principle that pervades the physical sciences. Recognizing the critical scientific role of abstraction provides an intellectual and methodological counterweight to the tendency in biology to emphasize comprehensive description as the primary manifestation of biological knowledge. Transplant immunology represents yet another example of the challenge of identifying sufficient understanding of the inflammatory/immune response in order to develop and refine clinically effective interventions. Advances in immunosuppressive therapies have greatly improved solid organ transplant (SOT) outcomes, most notably by reducing and treating acute rejection. The end goal of these transplant immune strategies is to facilitate effective control of the balance between regulatory T cells and the effector/cytotoxic T-cell populations in order to generate, and ideally maintain, a tolerant phenotype. Characterizing the dynamics of immune cell populations and the interactive feedback loops that lead to graft rejection or tolerance is extremely challenging, but is necessary if rational modulation to induce transplant tolerance is to be accomplished. Herein is presented the solid organ agent-based model (SOTABM) as an initial example of an agent-based model (ABM) that abstractly reproduces the cellular and molecular components of the immune response to SOT. Despite its abstract nature, the SOTABM is able to qualitatively reproduce acute rejection and the suppression of acute rejection by immunosuppression to generate transplant tolerance. The SOTABM is intended as an initial example of how ABMs can be used to dynamically represent mechanistic knowledge concerning transplant immunology in a scalable and expandable form and can thus potentially serve as useful adjuncts to the investigation and development of control strategies to induce transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary An
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
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23
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Zhao X, Zhu D, Ye J, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang L, Xu W. The potential protective role of the combination of IL-22 and TNF-α against genital tract Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Cytokine 2015; 73:66-73. [PMID: 25734538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Th22 cells are a novel class of lymphocytes characterized by the secretion of both IL-22 and TNF-α. In summary, Th22 cells have little or no direct impact on other immune cells, but exert selective effects on epithelia. It is not known, however, whether Th22 cells play a role in genital mucosal immunity. Here, we demonstrate that IL-22 and TNF-α synergistically induce several immunomodulatory molecules, such as the antimicrobial peptide mBD-2 (murine β-defensin 2) and the antimicrobial chemokines CXCL-9, -10, and -11 in primary murine oviduct epithelial cells (MOECs). The induction of innate immunity is relevant in an in vitro infection model, in which MOECs stimulated with Th22 cell supernatants or recombinant IL-22 and TNF-α effectively inhibit the growth of Chlamydia trachomatis and maintain the survival of the epithelia compared with IL-22 or TNF-α alone. In summary, we demonstrate that the Th22 cell cytokines IL-22 and TNF-α play important roles in genital tract infection. The potential for Th22 cell cytokines to modulate innate immune mediators may lead to the development of new topical agents to treat and/or prevent immune-mediated sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In summary, we demonstrate that IL-22 and TNF-α represent a potent, synergistic cytokine combination for inducing genital mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, PR China
| | - Danyang Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, PR China
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wengzhou Medical University, Wengzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Xingqun Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wengzhou Medical University, Wengzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wengzhou Medical University, Wengzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wengzhou Medical University, Wengzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wengzhou Medical University, Wengzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
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24
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Dai H, Peng F, Lin M, Xia J, Yu S, Lan G, Wang Y, Xie X, Fang C, Corbascio M, Qi Z, Peng L. Anti-OX40L monoclonal antibody prolongs secondary heart allograft survival based on CD40/CD40L and LFA-1/ICAM-1 blockade. Transpl Immunol 2015; 32:84-91. [PMID: 25613092 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory T cells (Tms) form a barrier against long-term allograft survival; however, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress allograft rejection. The OX40/OX40L pathway is critical to the generation of Tms and turns off Treg suppressor function. METHODS B6 mice that rejected BALB/c skin grafts after 4 weeks were used as the secondary heart transplant recipients. The skin recipient mice, termed S0, S2 and S3, were treated with the isotype antibodies, anti-CD40L/LFA-1 or anti-OX40L combined with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs, respectively. The secondary heart recipients, termed H0 and H2, received anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs or not, respectively (Fig. 1). RESULTS Four weeks after primary skin transplantation, the Tms in the S3 group that received anti-OX40L with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs were reduced compared to those in the S2 group (CD4(+) Tm: 32.61 ± 2.20% in S2 vs. 25.36 ± 1.16% in S3; CD8(+) Tm: 27.76 ± 1.96% in S2 vs. 20.95 ± 1.30% in S3; P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the proportions of Tregs in S3 increased compared to those in S2 (P < 0.05). The anti-OX40L with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs group (S3H2) prolonged the mean survival time (MST) following secondary heart transplantation from 9.5 days to 21 days (P < 0.001). Furthermore, allogeneic proliferation of recipient splenic T cells and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly inhibited in the S3H2 group. Additionally, a higher level of IL-10 was detected in sera and allografts. CONCLUSIONS Anti-OX40L mAb could prolong secondary heart allograft survival based on CD40/CD40L and LFA-1/ICAM-1 blockade. The mechanism of protecting allografts using anti-OX40L mAb involved impairing the generation of Tm and up-regulating IL-10 producing Tregs, inhibiting the function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Dai
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fenghua Peng
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Minjie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Gongbin Lan
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Chunhua Fang
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | | | - Zhongquan Qi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China.
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